The social determinants of mental health and disorder: evidence, prevention and recommendations

World Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 23(1), С. 58 - 90

Опубликована: Янв. 12, 2024

People exposed to more unfavourable social circumstances are vulnerable poor mental health over their life course, in ways that often determined by structural factors which generate and perpetuate intergenerational cycles of disadvantage health. Addressing these challenges is an imperative matter justice. In this paper we provide a roadmap address the determinants cause ill Relying as far possible on high-quality evidence, first map out literature supports causal link between later outcomes. Given breadth topic, focus most pervasive across those common major disorders. We draw primarily available evidence from Global North, acknowledging other global contexts will face both similar unique sets require equitable attention. Much our focuses groups who marginalized, thus multitude intersecting risk factors. These include refugees, asylum seekers displaced persons, well ethnoracial minoritized groups; lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender queer (LGBTQ+) living poverty. then introduce preventive framework for conceptualizing disorder, can guide much needed primary prevention strategies capable reducing inequalities improving population Following this, review concerning candidate intervene interventions fall broadly within scope universal, selected indicated strategies, but also briefly important secondary tertiary promote recovery with existing Finally, seven key recommendations, framed around justice, constitute action research, policy public Adoption recommendations would opportunity advance efforts modifiable affect

Язык: Английский

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Climate mobilities: migration, im/mobilities and mobility regimes in a changing climate

Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 48(14), С. 3365 - 3379

Опубликована: Май 24, 2022

The discussion on the relation between human mobility and climate change has moved beyond linear exceptional terms. Building these debates, this article, Special Issue Climate Mobilities: Migration, im/mobilities mobilities regimes in a changing that it introduces, conceptualises terms of mobilities. Through concept mobilities, we highlight multiplicity context climate, including interrelations immobilities their interplay with other mobile flows, such as ideas, information, or risk. We furthermore delve into politics defining regimes, implications for justice among those whose is impacted by regimes. argue research to pay more attention acts resistance against dominant voluntary re-emplacements challenge mass migration frames imposed relocation policies. articles issue empirically examine dimensions, reflecting plurality its politics, each analysing how evolve situated cultural political context.

Язык: Английский

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Migration and sustainable development

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 121(3)

Опубликована: Янв. 8, 2024

To understand the implications of migration for sustainable development requires a comprehensive consideration range population movements and their feedback across space time. This Perspective reviews emerging science at interface studies, demography, sustainability, focusing on consequences flows nature-society interactions including societal outcomes such as inequality; environmental causes involuntary displacement; processes cultural convergence in sustainability practices dynamic new populations. We advance framework that demonstrates how result identifiable resources, burdens well-being, innovation, adaptation, challenges governance. elaborate research frontiers science, explicitly integrating full spectrum regular decisions dominated by economic motives through to displacement due social or stresses. Migration can potentially contribute transitions when it enhances well-being while not exacerbating structural inequalities compound uneven resources.

Язык: Английский

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Climate change increases resource-constrained international immobility

Nature Climate Change, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 12(7), С. 634 - 641

Опубликована: Июль 1, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Migration Theory in Climate Mobility Research

Frontiers in Climate, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 4

Опубликована: Май 10, 2022

The purpose of this article is to explore how migration theory invoked in empirical studies climate-related migration, and provide suggestions for engagement with the emerging field climate mobility. Theory critical understanding processes we observe social-ecological systems because it points a specific locus attention research, shapes research questions, guides quantitative model development, influences what researchers find, ultimately informs policies programs. Research into mobility has grown out early on environmental often developed isolation from broader theoretical developments community. As such, there risk that work may be inadequately informed by rich corpus contributed our who migrates; why they migrate; types employ; sustains streams; choose certain destinations over others. On other hand, are ways which environment enriching conceptual frameworks being employed understand particularly forced migration. This paper draws review 75 modeling efforts conducted diversity disciplines, covering various regions, using variety data sources methods assess used their research. goal suggest forward large growing domain.

Язык: Английский

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Superdiversity

Опубликована: Ноя. 3, 2022

Superdiversity explores processes of diversification and the complex, emergent social configurations that now supersede prior forms diversity in societies around world. Migration plays a key role these processes, bringing changes not just social, cultural, religious, linguistic phenomena, but also ways phenomena combine with others like gender, age, legal status. The concept superdiversity has been adopted by scholars across sciences order to address variety forms, modes, outcomes diversification. Central this field is relationship between categorization organization, including stratification inequality. Increasingly complex categories "difference" have significant impacts scales, from entire individual identities. While often met simplifying stereotypes, threat narratives, expressions antagonism, encourages perspective on difference as comprising multiple flexible collective meanings, overlapping personal group A approach re-evaluation recognition multidimensional, unfixed, porous opposed views based hardened, one-dimensional thinking about groups. Diversification increasing complexity are bound continue, if intensify, light climate change. This will profound nature global migration, relations, inequalities. presents convincing case for recognizing new formations created changing migration patterns calls re-thinking public policy scientific approaches difference. introduction multidisciplinary be considerable interest students researchers range fields humanities sciences. Open Access version book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, made under Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.  

Язык: Английский

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Conceptualising eco-violence: moving beyond the multiple labelling of water and agricultural resource conflicts in the Sahel

Third World Quarterly, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 43(9), С. 2075 - 2090

Опубликована: Июнь 15, 2022

The conflict over water and agricultural resources within the Sahel of Africa has led to destruction lives, property nature for decades. extant practice is label these conflicts with multiple names conceptualise them as single-issue events. This article illustrates this further highlights some issues associated such approaches. Existing terms in Africa's region are primarily linked people's occupations ethnic identities, distracting efforts gain a deeper understanding. view obscures broad dimensions struggles among those competing resources. Thus, paper remedies conceptual gaps by recommending 'eco-violence' an umbrella term foregrounding emerging trends eco-violence region. By referring eco-violence, we can foster more inclusive perspective that incorporates social environmental injustices political failures factors related conflicts.

Язык: Английский

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The limits of migration as adaptation. A conceptual approach towards the role of immobility, disconnectedness and simultaneous exposure in translocal livelihoods systems

Climate and Development, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 16(2), С. 87 - 96

Опубликована: Март 1, 2023

Migration can strengthen adaptation to climate change. The potential of migration-as-adaptation builds on a world intensifying global mobility and connectedness the increasing possibility geographically spreading risks. But what if is impeded connectivity disrupted? And happens distant places face risks simultaneously due systemic character or multiplicity crises? This paper points fundamental gaps in research migration-as-adaptation, which largely neglects questions limits. It argues that an understanding limits needs address (1) migration as inherent feature social systems under stress, (2) unequal contested nature goals, (3) immobility, disconnectedness simultaneous exposure core mechanisms limit adaptive migration. proposes novel translocal-mobilities perspective multi-scalar, multi-local, relational intersectional dynamics migration-as-adaptation. formulates for adaptation. A comprehensive will help scientific community build more realistic scenarios change provide entry policies avoid reaching mitigate negative consequences.

Язык: Английский

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Drivers and barriers of international migration of doctors to and from the United Kingdom: a scoping review

Human Resources for Health, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 21(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 14, 2023

Abstract Background Many high-income countries are heavily dependent on internationally trained doctors to staff their healthcare workforce. Over one-third of practising in the UK received primary medical qualification abroad. Simultaneously, an average around 2.1% leave workforce annually go overseas. The aim this study was identify drivers and barriers international migration from UK. Methods A scoping review conducted. We searched EMBASE, MEDLINE, CINAHL, ERIC BEI January 2020 (updated October 2021). Grey literature citation searching were also carried out. Empirical studies reporting published English language 2009 present included. coded NVivo 12 building existing framework. Results 40 62% quantitative, 18% qualitative, 15% mixed-methods 5% reviews. Migration into out is determined by a variety macro- (global national factors), meso- (profession led factors) micro-level (personal factors). Interestingly, many key factors driving UK, including: poor working conditions, employment opportunities, better training development quality life, desire for life change financial reasons. included stricter immigration policies, registration process short-term job contracts. Conclusions Our research contributes providing comprehensive up-to-date decision doctor migrate multi-layered complex balance between push/pull at macro-/meso-/micro-levels. To sustain UK’s supply overseas doctors, it vital that policies take account particularly conditions active recruitment while addressing any potential barriers. Immigration address impact Brexit COVID-19 pandemic will be important immediate future. Trial PROSPERO CRD42020165748.

Язык: Английский

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Translocal social resilience dimensions of migration as adaptation to environmental change

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 121(3)

Опубликована: Янв. 8, 2024

There is growing recognition of the potential migration to contribute climate-change adaptation. Yet, there limited evidence what degree, under conditions, for whom, and with which limitations this effectively case. We argue that results from a lack systematic incorporation sociospatiality—the nested, networked, intersectional nature migration-as-adaptation. Our central objective utilize translocal social-resilience approach overcome these gaps, identify processes structures shape social resilience livelihood systems, illustrate mechanisms behind multiplicity possible outcomes. Translocal constellations anchored in rural Thailand as well domestic international destinations Thai migrants serve illustrative empirical cases. Data were gathered through multisited mixed-methods research design. This paper highlights role distinct but interlinked situations operational logics at places origin destination, different positionalities resulting vulnerabilities, roles, commitments, practices individuals households regard resilience. Based on results, distills generalized typology five broad categories outcomes, explicitly considers sociospatiality. helps grasp complexity migration-as-adaptation avoid simplistic conclusions about benefits costs adaptation—both are necessary sound, evidence-based, policymaking.

Язык: Английский

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