Published: Dec. 8, 2019

Individual variability in imagery experiences has long attracted the interest of philosophers, educators, and psychologists. Since Aristotle’s time, it was assumed that imagery is a universal ability, so everyone possesses it. Galton first measured the vividness of subjective imagery experiences, and discovered that some individuals reported zero imagination. Recent research has coined the term “aphantasia” — an inability to form mental imagery, or having a “blind mind’s eye” (Zeman, Dewar, & Della Sala, 2015). We argue that there maybe more than one type of aphantasia. Substantial behavioral and neuropsychological evidence has demonstrated a distinction between visual-object imagery (mental visualization of …

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Published: Dec. 25, 2019

One of the main research questions related to creativity is the dilemma of specificity vs. non-specificity of the mechanisms underlying insight solutions as compared to analytical solutions of a problem. The first goal of our study was to verify insight solution specificity on solving anagram tasks. The second goal was to test a hypothesis about the existence of unconscious processing prior to insight solutions. We presented two types of stimuli to participants: anagrams and pseudowords. During the experiment, participants had to perform two successive tasks. First they had to judge whether they were being shown an anagram or a pseudoword, …

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Published: July 31, 2018

Bioinformatics is an emerging field, where information technology usage can significantly accelerate life science research. It is a relatively new field and the scope of exploring new tools and techniques seems immense. One major field where bioinformatics plays important role is next generation sequence analysis (NGS), in which an unknown genome is shuttered into pieces and tried to align it to a reference known genome to decipher its functions using sequence comparison. The first well known application of this technology is the human genome project which took nearly 10 years to finish. With advancements in central processing units (CPUs), the …

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Published: March 20, 2019

Стандартизированные тесты с нормативными данными стали золотым стандартом для оценки навыков чтения и для диагностики специфического расстройства чтения (дислексии) для многих языков. Для русского языка имеется такой тест для исследования чтения — Стандартизированная методика исследования навыков чтения, разработанная А. Н. Корневым и впервые опубликованная в 1997-м году. Однако наиболее свежие доступные нормативные данные по этой методике были собраны более десяти лет назад, и они не были проконтролированы по нескольким важным параметрам. Также не было опубликовано никаких деталей по поводу диагностической валидности теста. Мы использовали этот тест для оценки навыков чтения у девяноста типично развивающихся российских учеников начальной школы в 2018-м …

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Published: Sept. 25, 2018

Транскраниальная электрическая стимуляция (ТЭС; англ, transcranial electrical stimulation) — группа методов, использующих слабое электрическое воздействие через кожу головы для влияния на мозговую активность. Эти методы включают в себя транскраниальную стимуляцию постоянным током (ТСПоТ; англ, transcranial direct current stimulation), транскраниальную стимуляцию переменным током (ТСПеТ; англ, transcranial alternating current stimulation) и транскраниальную стимуляцию случайным шумом (ТССШ; англ, transcranial random noise stimulation). На сегодняшний день методы ТЭС получили широкое распространение в когнитивной нейронауке, однако конкретные механизмы их работы до сих пор не ясны. Данный обзор посвящен истории возникновения ТЭС, ключевым эффектам, обнаруженным с помощью ТЭС, а также возможностям и ограничениям использования ТЭС для …

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Published: Jan. 1, 2022

This study was conducted to assess provider perceptions regarding value of tablet-based patient-reported outcome (PRO) assessments in routine care. Patients self-administered a brief PRO assessment of several clinical domains on-site prior to HIV clinic visits. Providers were given succinct summary results. 1:1 interviews were conducted with providers regarding PROs utility and their integration into care, and coded interview transcripts into thematic areas. Providers described how PROs helped prioritize topics for discussion during the visit, and facilitated their identification and ability to address sensitive issues, particularly depression/suicidality, sexual behavior, and intimate partner violence. PROs further facilitated comprehensive identification of other issues …

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Published: June 24, 2018

In emotional facial expressions, sequential effects can result in perceptual changes of a briefly presented test expression due to a preceding prolonged exposure to an adaptor expression. Most studies have shown contrastive (adaptation) aftereffects using static adaptors: a test is perceived as less similar to the adaptor. However, the existence and sign of sequential effects caused by dynamic information in the adaptors are controversial. In a behavioral experiment we tested the influence of realistic (recorded from an actors face) and artificial (linearly morphed) dynamic transitions between happy and disgusted facial expressions, and of static images of these expressions at their …

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Published: June 27, 2019

Many psychological theories attempt to explain the mechanisms that govern cognition in adults, and fewer theories attempt to explain also how cognitive mechanisms change across development. Even fewer theories provide a brain representation of mechanisms related to cognitive development. One such theory is the Theory of Constructive Operators. In this review, we present key components of this general theory and provide quantitative predictions for the development of core cognitive abilities such a mental-attentional capacity. Specifically, the model of endogenous mental attention presents a domain-free resource that increases in power during childhood and adolescence. Mental-attentional capacity grows concurrently with prefrontal brain …

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Published: July 28, 2018

Называемость (легкость, с которой человек может назвать объект или его признак) относится к числу факторов, способствующих формированию новых категорий. Эффект называемое™ частей объекта (Zettersten, Lupyan, 2018) заключается в том, что успешность научения новой категории выше, если правило категоризации основано на легко называемых признаках частей категоризуемых объектов (такими признаками могут выступать цвет или форма). В настоящем исследовании данный эффект был реплицирован на материале легко или трудно называемых цветовых оттенков. Дополнительно было показано, что эффект ограничен типом категориального правила: называемость признаков не повышает успешность при формировании правил, основанных на вероятностном распределении значений по нескольким признакам, в отличие от формирования правил, основанных на …

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Published: Aug. 19, 2014

Career and Technical Education (CTE) is a vital part of our nation’s education system. Despite a myriad of positive outcomes related to CTE, such as creativity, problem solving, manual dexterity, and spatial perception, CTE participation, funding, and emphasis have declined in recent years. This paper discusses the history of CTE as well as the current status of CTE in education. Positive outcomes linked with CTE are highlighted and arguments are presented for an actual presence of CTE in education. Challenges facing CTE are addressed and recommendations are provided.

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