Variant-dependent oxidative and cytokine responses of human neutrophils to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and anti-spike IgG1 antibodies DOI Creative Commons
Nathalie Bonatti Franco Almeida,

Kayla Marie Fantone,

Demba Sarr

et al.

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Oct. 16, 2023

Introduction Severe forms of COVID-19, the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, are characterized acute respiratory distress syndrome, robust lung inflammation and death in some patients. Strong evidence has been accumulating that polymorphonuclear neutrophilic granulocytes (PMN) play an important role pathophysiology severe COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 directly induces vitro PMN activation, mainly release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). However, viral components inducing this response remain unclear. Methods In work human responses were assessed to spike (S) protein two different variants, anti-S IgG1 antibodies or immune complexes formed them. Production reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured Diogenes-based chemiluminescence. Release myeloperoxidase (MPO) ELISA while secretion a list cytokines growth factors determined high-performance multiplex cytokine assay. Results discussion We show Omicron variant S anti-spike IgG1, either alone together, stimulate ROS production PMNs. also observed Wuhan antibody together trigger MPO from Based on relevance influenza co-infections, we have investigated impact virus infection previous proteins antibodies. did not detect any significant effect co-infection generation Our data stimulation induced chemokines, factors, regulatory proinflammatory cytokines. Overall, our findings protein, their complex, promote oxidative PMNs variant-dependent manner, contributing better understanding during infection.

Language: Английский

Structural and biochemical mechanism for increased infectivity and immune evasion of Omicron BA.2 variant compared to BA.1 and their possible mouse origins DOI Creative Commons
Youwei Xu, Canrong Wu, Xiaodan Cao

et al.

Cell Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 32(7), P. 609 - 620

Published: May 31, 2022

Abstract The Omicron BA.2 variant has become a dominant infective strain worldwide. Receptor binding studies show that the spike trimer exhibits 11-fold and 2-fold higher potency in to human ACE2 than from wildtype (WT) BA.1 strains. structure of complexed with reveals all three receptor-binding domains (RBDs) are open conformation, ready for binding, thus providing basis increased infectivity strain. JMB2002, therapeutic antibody was shown efficiently inhibit BA.1, also shows potent neutralization activities against BA.2. In addition, both trimers able bind mouse high potency. contrast, WT binds well cat but not ACE2. structures bound reveal their affinity interactions. Together, these results suggest possible evolution pathway variants via human-cat-mouse-human circle, which could have important implications establishing an effective strategy combating SARS-CoV-2 viral infections.

Language: Английский

Citations

82
SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron variants evade population antibody response by mutations in a single spike epitope DOI Creative Commons
Ping He, Banghui Liu, Xijie Gao

et al.

Nature Microbiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 7(10), P. 1635 - 1649

Published: Sept. 23, 2022

Abstract Population antibody response is thought to be important in selection of virus variants. We report that SARS-CoV-2 infection elicits a population immune mediated by lineage VH1-69 germline antibodies. A representative R1-32 from this was isolated. By cryo-EM, we show it targets semi-cryptic epitope the spike receptor-binding domain. Binding non-ACE2 competing results destruction, thereby inhibiting entry. On basis location, neutralization mechanism and analysis binding variants, propose recurrent substitutions at 452 490 are associated with evasion identified response. These substitutions, including L452R (present Delta variant), disrupt interactions VH1-69-specific hydrophobic HCDR2 impair antibody-antigen association, enabling variants escape. The first Omicron were sensitive but subvariants harbour quickly emerged spread. Our provide insights into how emerge evade host responses.

Language: Английский

Citations

56
Upper respiratory tract mucosal immunity for SARS-CoV-2 vaccines DOI Creative Commons
Rupsha Fraser, Aurelio Orta‐Resendiz, Alexander Mazein

et al.

Trends in Molecular Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 29(4), P. 255 - 267

Published: Jan. 23, 2023

SARS-CoV-2 vaccination significantly reduces morbidity and mortality, but has less impact on viral transmission rates, thus aiding evolution, the longevity of vaccine-induced immunity rapidly declines. Immune responses in respiratory tract mucosal tissues are crucial for early control infection, can generate long-term antigen-specific protection with prompt recall responses. However, currently approved vaccines not amenable to adequate delivery, particularly upper airways, which could account high vaccine breakthrough infection rates limited duration vaccine-mediated protection. In view these drawbacks, we outline a strategy that potential enhance both efficacy durability existing vaccines, by inducing robust memory (URT) mucosa.

Language: Английский

Citations

35
Vaccination with S pan , an antigen guided by SARS-CoV-2 S protein evolution, protects against challenge with viral variants in mice DOI Creative Commons
Yongliang Zhao, Wenjia Ni, Simeng Liang

et al.

Science Translational Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(677)

Published: Jan. 4, 2023

SARS-CoV-2 continues to accumulate mutations evade immunity, leading breakthrough infections after vaccination. How researchers can anticipate the evolutionary trajectory of virus in advance design next-generation vaccines requires investigation. Here, we performed a comprehensive study 11,650,487 sequences, which revealed that spike (S) protein evolved not randomly but into directional paths either high infectivity plus low immune resistance or resistance. The viral and variants are generally incompatible, except for limited such as Beta Kappa. Omicron variant has highest showed only one tested cell lines. To provide cross-clade immunity against undergo diverse pathways, designed new pan-vaccine antigen (S pan ). S was by analyzing homology 2675 sequences from NCBI database before Delta emerged. refined harbors high-frequency residues at given positions reflect generality sequence evolution. Compared with prototype wild-type wt ) vaccine, which, when administered mice, induced serum decreased neutralization activity emerging variants, vaccination mice elicited broad wide range including those emerged our design. Moreover, vaccinating heterologous booster conferred complete protection lethal infection variant. Our results highlight importance feasibility universal vaccine fight antigenic drift.

Language: Английский

Citations

24
SARS-CoV-2 journey: from alpha variant to omicron and its sub-variants DOI Creative Commons
Dima Hattab, Mumen F. A. Amer, Zina M. Al‐Alami

et al.

Infection, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 52(3), P. 767 - 786

Published: March 30, 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected hundreds of millions individuals and caused more than six million deaths. prolonged duration the continual inter-individual transmissibility have contributed to emergence a wide variety SARS-CoV-2 variants. Genomic surveillance phylogenetic studies shown that substantial mutations in crucial supersites spike glycoprotein modulate binding affinity evolved SARS-COV-2 lineages ACE2 receptors modify protein with neutralizing antibodies. immunological been associated differential transmissibility, infectivity, therapeutic efficacy vaccines therapies among new This review highlights diverse genetic assimilated various implications acquired related viral transmission, severity are discussed. also addresses effectiveness human antibodies induced by infection or immunization against ascended

Language: Английский

Citations

15
The SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron Variant and its Multiple Sub‐lineages: Transmissibility, Vaccine Development, Antiviral Drugs, Monoclonal Antibodies, and Strategies for Infection Control – a Review DOI
Ranjan K. Mohapatra, Sarika Verma,

Venkataramana Kandi

et al.

ChemistrySelect, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(9)

Published: Feb. 28, 2023

Abstract The Omicron (B.1.1.529), fifth variant of concern (VOC) SARS‐CoV‐2, initially identified following a steep increase in COVID‐19 cases Southern Africa November 2021. It is highly‐mutated and more contagious as compared with the Delta variant, however less deadly. Due to its high transmission rate, it spreads dramatically, causing huge surges worldwide. causes “mild infection”, hospitalisations likely occur. However, this known show resistance neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) generated through vaccination and/or prior infection well monoclonal (mAbs) used treat patients. In many countries, booster doses vaccines have been recommended protective levels vaccinated individuals. Along implementation appropriate prevention control strategy measures, current efforts are also focussed on development better mAbs counter variant. This review highlights global health concerns challenges posed by present an update sub‐lineages.

Language: Английский

Citations

17
The rapid emergence of multiple sublineages of Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant: Dynamic profiling via molecular phylogenetics and mutational landscape studies DOI Creative Commons
Chiranjib Chakraborty, Manojit Bhattacharya, Ashish Ranjan Sharma

et al.

Journal of Infection and Public Health, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 15(11), P. 1234 - 1258

Published: Oct. 13, 2022

The recent Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant poses a significant threat to global health. This has spread worldwide, and several sublineages have rapidly emerged. Study tried analyze the microevolution of this variant.

Language: Английский

Citations

27
Antigenicity comparison of SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron sublineages with other variants contained multiple mutations in RBD DOI
Qianqian Li, Mingjie Zhang,

Ziteng Liang

et al.

MedComm, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 3(2)

Published: April 9, 2022

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants, particularly those with multiple mutations in receptor-binding domain (RBD), pose a critical challenge to the efficacy of disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines and therapeutic neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Omicron sublineages BA.1, BA.2, BA.3, as well recent emergence C.1.2, B.1.630, B.1.640.1, B.1.640.2, have RBD may lead antibody evasion. It is urgent evaluate antigenic change above seven variants against mAbs sera from guinea pigs immunized concern (VOCs) (Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, Omicron) interest (VOIs) (Lambda, Mu) immunogens. Only out 24 showed no reduction activity BA.3. However, among these mAbs, neutralization XGv337 XGv338 B.1.640.2 were decreased. Therefore, only five significant variants. Using VOCs VOIs immunogens, we found that antigenicity could be divided into three clusters, each cluster similar different Among them, D614G, B.1.630 formed cluster, C.1.2 BA.3 cluster.

Language: Английский

Citations

26
Omicron BA.2 Lineage, the “Stealth” Variant: Is It Truly a Silent Epidemic? A Literature Review DOI Open Access
Giorgio Tiecco,

Samuele Storti,

Stefania Arsuffi

et al.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(13), P. 7315 - 7315

Published: June 30, 2022

The epidemic curve of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is silently rising again. Worldwide, the dominant SARS-CoV-2 variant concern (VOC) Omicron, and its virological characteristics, such as transmissibility, pathogenicity, resistance to both vaccine- infection-induced immunity well antiviral drugs, are an urgent public health concern. Omicron has five major sub-lineages; February 2022, BA.2 lineage been detected in several European Asian countries, becoming predominant real antagonist ongoing surge. Hence, although global attention currently focused on dramatic, historically significant events multi-country monkeypox outbreak, this new unlikely fade away silence. Many aspects still unclear controversial, but apparent replication advantage higher ability escape neutralizing antibodies induced by vaccination previous infection, concerns. Herein, we review latest publications most recent available literature variant.

Language: Английский

Citations

22
Identification of antiviral peptide inhibitors for receptor binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 omicron and its sub-variants: an in-silico approach DOI Open Access
Swati Singh, Hemanth Naick Banavath,

Priya Godara

et al.

3 Biotech, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(9)

Published: Aug. 1, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

19