Melatonin: A master regulator of plant development and stress responses

Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 63(1), P. 126 - 145

Published: July 17, 2020

Melatonin is a pleiotropic molecule with multiple functions in plants. Since the discovery of melatonin plants, numerous studies have provided insight into biosynthesis, catabolism, and physiological biochemical this important molecule. Here, we describe biosynthesis from tryptophan, as well its various degradation pathways The identification putative receptor plants has led to hypothesis that hormone involved regulating plant growth, aerial organ development, root morphology, floral transition. universal antioxidant activity role preserving chlorophyll might explain anti-senescence capacity aging leaves. An impressive amount research focused on modulating postharvest fruit ripening by expression ethylene-related genes. Recent evidence also indicated plant's response biotic stress, cooperating other phytohormones well-known molecules such reactive oxygen species nitric oxide. Finally, great progress been made towards understanding how alleviates effects abiotic stresses, including salt, drought, extreme temperature, heavy metal stress. Given diverse roles, propose master regulator

Language: Английский

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Melatonin metabolism, signaling and possible roles in plants

The Plant Journal, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 105(2), P. 376 - 391

Published: July 9, 2020

Summary Melatonin is a multifunctional biomolecule found in both animals and plants. In this review, the biosynthesis, levels, signaling, possible roles of melatonin its metabolites plants summarized. Tryptamine 5‐hydroxylase (T5H), which catalyzes conversion tryptamine into serotonin, has been proposed as target to create knockout mutant presenting lesion‐mimic phenotype rice. With reduced anabolic capacity for biosynthesis an increased catabolic metabolism, all generally maintain low levels. Some plants, including Arabidopsis Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco), do not possess tryptophan decarboxylase (TDC), first committed step enzyme required biosynthesis. Major include cyclic 3‐hydroxymelatonin (3‐OHM) 2‐hydroxymelatonin (2‐OHM). Other such N 1 ‐acetyl‐ 2 ‐formyl‐5‐methoxykynuramine (AFMK), ‐acetyl‐5‐methoxykynuramine (AMK) 5‐methoxytryptamine (5‐MT) are also produced when applied Oryza sativa (rice). The signaling pathways act via mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade, possibly with Cand2 acting receptor, although integrity remains controversial. mediates many important functions growth stimulation stress tolerance through potent antioxidant activity function activating MAPK cascade. concentration distribution appears be species specific because corresponding enzymes M2H, M3H, catalases, indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase (IDO) ‐acetylserotonin deacetylase (ASDAC) differentially expressed among plant even different tissues within species. Differential levels can lead differential physiological effects either exogenously or overproduced ectopic overexpression.

Language: Английский

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Mechanistic insights on melatonin‐mediated drought stress mitigation in plants

Physiologia Plantarum, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 172(2), P. 1212 - 1226

Published: Dec. 11, 2020

Abstract Drought stress imposes a serious threat to crop productivity and nutritional security. adaptation mechanisms involve complex regulatory network comprising of various sensory signaling molecules. In this context, melatonin has emerged as potential molecule playing crucial role in imparting tolerance plants. Melatonin pretreatment regulates plant physiological processes such osmoregulation, germination, photosynthesis, senescence, primary/secondary metabolism, hormonal cross‐talk under water deficit conditions. Melatonin‐mediated regulation ascorbate‐glutathione (AsA–GSH) cycle plays scavenge reactive oxygen species generated the cells during drought. Here, review, current knowledge on ameliorate adverse effects drought by modulating morphological, physiological, redox is discussed. The improve absorption capacity roots regulating aquaporin channels involved mitigation are also Overall, versatile bio‐molecule growth promotion yield enhancement that makes it suitable candidate for eco‐friendly production ensure food

Language: Английский

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An evolutionary view of melatonin synthesis and metabolism related to its biological functions in plants

Journal of Experimental Botany, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 71(16), P. 4677 - 4689

Published: May 7, 2020

Abstract Plant melatonin research is a rapidly developing field. A variety of isoforms melatonin’s biosynthetic enzymes are present in different plants. Due to the origins, they exhibit independent responses variable environmental stimuli. The locations for biosynthesis plants chloroplasts and mitochondria. These organelles have inherited their capacities from bacterial ancestors. Under ideal conditions, main sites biosynthesis. If chloroplast pathway blocked any reason, mitochondrial will be activated maintain its production. Melatonin metabolism less studied field; quite that animals even though share similar metabolites. Several new been cloned these absent animals. It seems 2-hydroxymelatonin major metabolite level ~400-fold higher than melatonin. In current article, an evolutionary point view, we update information on plant metabolism. This review help reader understand complexity processes promote enthusiasm fields.

Language: Английский

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Melatonin as a regulatory hub of plant hormone levels and action in stress situations

Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 23(S1), P. 7 - 19

Published: Oct. 24, 2020

Melatonin, a molecule first discovered in animal tissues, plays an important role multiple physiological responses as possible plant master regulator. It mediates to different types of stress, both biotic and abiotic. Melatonin reduces the negative effects associated with stressors, improving response by increasing stress tolerance. When plants respond situations, they use up large amount resources through set perfectly synchronized actions. Responses mediated melatonin plant's hormones to, after adequate modulation, counteract overcome action stressor. In this paper, we review melatonin-plant hormone relationships. Factors that trigger central are analysed. An extensive analysis current studies shows modulates metabolism (biosynthesis catabolism), rise or fall their endogenous levels, regulation signalling elements how affects final auxin, gibberellins, cytokinins, abscisic acid, ethylene, salicylic jasmonates, brassinosteroids, polyamines strigolactones. Lastly, general overview melatonin's actions its regulatory at global level is provided proposals for future research made.

Language: Английский

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Melatonin Suppressed the Heat Stress-Induced Damage in Wheat Seedlings by Modulating the Antioxidant Machinery

Plants, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 9(7), P. 809 - 809

Published: June 28, 2020

Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is a pleiotropic signaling molecule that plays crucial role in the regulation of various environmental stresses, including heat stress (HS). In this study, 100 μM melatonin (MT) pretreatment followed by exposure to for different time periods was found efficiently reduce oxidative preventing over-accumulation hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), lowering lipid peroxidation content (malondialdehyde (MDA) content), and increasing proline (Pro) biosynthesis. Moreover, activities antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), were increased substantially MT-pretreated wheat seedlings. The presence MT significantly improved tolerance seedlings modulating their defense system, activating ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle comprising ascorbate (APX), glutathione reductase (GR) activities. It also held photosynthetic machinery stable chlorophyll content. Enhancement endogenous contents observed MT+HS-treated plants. Furthermore, expression reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related genes TaSOD, TaPOD, TaCAT, anti-stress responsive genes, TaMYB80, TaWRKY26, TaWRKY39, induced MT-treated Due these notable changes, an improvement resistance compared with control. Taken together, our findings suggest can play key boosting plants system regulating transcription stress-responsive genes.

Language: Английский

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Melatonin and Phytomelatonin: Chemistry, Biosynthesis, Metabolism, Distribution and Bioactivity in Plants and Animals—An Overview

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(18), P. 9996 - 9996

Published: Sept. 16, 2021

Melatonin is a ubiquitous indolamine, largely investigated for its key role in the regulation of several physiological processes both animals and plants. In last century, it was reported that this molecule may be produced high concentrations by species belonging to plant kingdom stored specialized tissues. review, main information related chemistry melatonin metabolism has been summarized. Furthermore, biosynthetic pathway characteristics animal cells have compared, differences between two systems highlighted. Additionally, order investigate distribution indolamine kingdom, cluster analysis performed using database composed 47 previously published articles reporting content different families, Finally, potential pharmacological biostimulant benefits derived from administration exogenous on or plants via intake dietary supplements application formulation discussed.

Language: Английский

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Different regulatory mechanisms of plant hormones in the ripening of climacteric and non-climacteric fruits: a review

Plant Molecular Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 107(6), P. 477 - 497

Published: Oct. 11, 2021

Language: Английский

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Phytomelatonin: an unexpected molecule with amazing performances in plants

Journal of Experimental Botany, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 73(17), P. 5779 - 5800

Published: Jan. 12, 2022

Phytomelatonin, a multifunctional molecule that has been found to be present in all plants examined date, an important role as modulatory agent (a biostimulator) improves plant tolerance both biotic and abiotic stress. We review of phytomelatonin considers its roles metabolism particular interactions with hormone network. In the primary plants, melatonin rate efficiency photosynthesis, well related factors such stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2, Rubisco activity. It also shown down-regulate some senescence transcription factors. Melatonin up-regulates many enzyme transcripts carbohydrates (including sucrose starch), amino acids, lipid metabolism, optimizing N, P, S uptake. With respect secondary clear increases polyphenol, glucosinolate, terpenoid, alkaloid contents have described numerous melatonin-treated plants. Generally, most genes these biosynthesis pathways up-regulated by melatonin. The great regulatory capacity is result control redox networks. acts master regulator, up-/down-regulating different levels signalling, key player homeostasis. counteract diverse critical situations pathogen infections stresses, provide varying degrees tolerance. propose possible future applications for crop improvement post-harvest product preservation.

Language: Английский

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NAC Transcription Factor Family Regulation of Fruit Ripening and Quality: A Review

Cells, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(3), P. 525 - 525

Published: Feb. 2, 2022

The NAC transcription factor (TF) family is one of the largest plant-specific TF families and its members are involved in regulation many vital biological processes during plant growth development. Recent studies have found that TFs play important roles ripening fleshy fruits development quality attributes. This review focuses on advances our understanding function different their involvement biosynthesis signal transduction hormones, fruit textural changes, color transformation, accumulation flavor compounds, seed senescence. We discuss theoretical basis potential regulatory models for action provide a comprehensive view multiple modulating aspects quality.

Language: Английский

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