Carboxymethyl chitosan-alginate enhances bone repair effects of magnesium phosphate bone cement by activating the FAK-Wnt pathway

Bioactive Materials, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 20, P. 598 - 609

Published: July 1, 2022

There is a continuing need for artificial bone substitutes repair and reconstruction, Magnesium phosphate cement (MPC) has exceptional degradable properties exhibits promising biocompatibility. However, its mechanical strength needs improved low osteo-inductive potential limits therapeutic application in regeneration. We functionally modified MPC by using polymeric carboxymethyl chitosan-sodium alginate (CMCS/SA) gel network. This had the advantages of: compressive strength, ease of handling, an optimized interface bioactive in-growth. The new composites with 2% CMCS/SA showed most favorable physicochemical properties, including wash-out resistance, setting time, injectable time heat release. Biologically, composite promoted attachment proliferation osteoblast cells. It was also found to induce osteogenic differentiation vitro, as verified expression markers. In terms molecular mechanisms, data that activated Wnt pathway through inhibition phosphorylation β-catenin, which dependent on focal adhesion kinase. Through micro-computed tomography histological analysis, we MPC-CMCS/SA scaffolds, compared alone, increased regeneration rat calvarial defect model. Overall, our study suggested novel help critical defects clinical practice.

Language: Английский

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Vascular calcification: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions

MedComm, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 4(1)

Published: Jan. 3, 2023

Abstract Vascular calcification (VC) is recognized as a pathological vascular disorder associated with various diseases, such atherosclerosis, hypertension, aortic valve stenosis, coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus, well chronic kidney disease. Therefore, it life‐threatening state for human health. There were several studies targeting mechanisms of VC that revealed the importance smooth muscle cells transdifferentiating, phosphorous and calcium milieu, matrix vesicles on progress VC. However, underlying molecular need to be elucidated. Though there no acknowledged effective therapeutic strategy reverse or cure clinically, recent evidence has proved not passive irreversible comorbidity but an active process regulated by many factors. Some available approaches mechanism provide promising prospects therapy This review aims summarize novel findings interventions VC, including role inflammatory responses, endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, iron homeostasis, metabolic imbalance, some related signaling pathways progression. We also conclude controversial in clinical practice channel blockers, renin–angiotensin system inhibitions, statins, bisphosphonates, denosumab, vitamins, ion conditioning agents.

Language: Английский

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The Role of Trace Elements and Minerals in Osteoporosis: A Review of Epidemiological and Laboratory Findings

Biomolecules, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(6), P. 1006 - 1006

Published: June 17, 2023

The objective of the present study was to review recent epidemiological and clinical data on association between selected minerals trace elements osteoporosis, as well discuss molecular mechanisms underlying these associations. We have performed a search in PubMed-Medline Google Scholar databases using MeSH terms "osteoporosis", "osteogenesis", "osteoblast", "osteoclast", "osteocyte" with names particular through 21 March 2023. demonstrate that physiological nutritional levels promote osteogenic differentiation up-regulation BMP-2 Wnt/β-catenin signaling, other pathways. miRNA epigenetic effects were also involved regulation minerals. antiresorptive effect associated inhibition osteoclastogenesis. At same time, bone health appeared be dose-dependent low doses promoting an effect, whereas high exerted opposite which promoted resorption impaired formation. Concomitant results laboratory studies, several trials studies demonstrated supplementation Zn, Mg, F, Sr may improve quality, thus inducing antiosteoporotic effects.

Language: Английский

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Magnesium-containing bioceramics stimulate exosomal miR-196a-5p secretion to promote senescent osteogenesis through targeting Hoxa7/MAPK signaling axis

Bioactive Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 33, P. 14 - 29

Published: Nov. 4, 2023

Stem cell senescence is characterized by progressive functional dysfunction and secretory phenotypic changes including decreased proliferation, of osteogenic angiogenic differentiation, increased secretion the senescence-associated phenotype (SASP), which bring difficulties for bone repair. Rescuing or delaying aged marrow mesenchymal stem cells (O-BMSCs) was considered as effective strategy regeneration in aging microenvironment. Magnesium (Mg) ion released from bioceramics reported to facilitate via enhancing osteogenesis alleviating senescence. In this study, Akermanite biocreamics (Akt) containing Mg a model demonstrated promote angiogenesis effects O-BMSCs activating MAPK signaling pathway vitro. Moreover, enhanced might be attributed Mg-containing Akt-mediated exosomal miR-196a-5p cargo targeting Hoxa7 activation pathway. Furthermore, vivo study confirmed that 3D-printed porous Akt scaffolds effectively cranial defects rats. The current results indicated exosomal-miR-196a-5p/Hoxa7/MAPK axis potential mechanism underlying osteogenesis. exosome-meditaed therapy stimulated contained other biomaterials serve candidate repair individuals.

Language: Английский

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Magnesium and Vascular Calcification in Chronic Kidney Disease: Current Insights

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(2), P. 1155 - 1155

Published: Jan. 18, 2024

Magnesium (Mg) plays crucial roles in multiple essential biological processes. As the kidneys are primary organ responsible for maintaining blood concentration of Mg, people with chronic kidney disease (CKD) may develop disturbances Mg. While both hyper- and hypomagnesemia lead to adverse effects, consequences associated often more severe lasting. Importantly, observational studies have shown that CKD patients greater vascular calcification. Vascular calcification is accelerated contributes a high mortality rate population. Both vitro animal demonstrated Mg protects against via several potential mechanisms, such as inhibiting formation hydroxyapatite pathogenic calciprotein particles well limiting osteogenic differentiation, process which smooth muscle cells media layer arteries transform into bone-like cells. These preclinical findings led important clinical trials investigated effects supplementation on CKD. Interestingly, two major produced contradictory findings, resulting state equipoise. This narrative review provides an overview our current knowledge renal handling health underlying mechanisms by protect Lastly, we evaluate strength evidence from efficacy discuss future research directions.

Language: Английский

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Magnesium Matters: A Comprehensive Review of Its Vital Role in Health and Diseases

Cureus, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 13, 2024

Magnesium (Mg), an essential mineral abundantly present within the human body, is intricately involved in a multitude of biochemical processes vital for maintaining health and overall well-being. This review aims to delve into multifaceted impact Mg on health, exploring its physiological functions, dietary sources, potential implications deficiency or insufficiency. plays pivotal role various processes, including energy metabolism, muscle contraction, protein synthesis, DNA synthesis. It acts as cofactor more than 300 enzymatic reactions, facilitating conversion adenosine triphosphate (ATP) diphosphate (ADP) production. Moreover, proper functioning ion channels, particularly calcium influencing nerve transmission relaxation. naturally found wide array foods, with green leafy vegetables, whole grains, nuts, seeds, legumes being rich sources. Additionally, certain fortified foods supplements provide supplemental intake. Deficiency insufficiency mg can have profound health. Inadequate levels been associated increased risks chronic diseases, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, osteoporosis, cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, may manifest symptoms such weakness, fatigue, tremors, irregular heartbeat. Numerous studies elucidated relationship between intake risk developing For instance, epidemiological evidence suggests that higher reduced possibly due vasodilatory effects influence blood pressure regulation mechanisms. Similarly, has implicated pathophysiology contributing insulin resistance impaired glucose metabolism. adequate crucial bone density reducing mineralization Understanding importance physiology underscores significance ensuring through diet supplementation. Healthcare professionals play critical educating individuals about incorporating mg-rich their diets considering supplementation when necessary, at those indispensable far-reaching Its involvement Ensuring preventing deficiency-related complications Further research warranted elucidate optimal strategies therapeutic applications disease prevention management.

Language: Английский

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The essential role of magnesium in immunity and gut health: Impacts of dietary magnesium restriction on peritoneal cells and intestinal microbiome

Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 88, P. 127604 - 127604

Published: Jan. 20, 2025

Language: Английский

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The Extraglycemic Effect of SGLT-2is on Mineral and Bone Metabolism and Bone Fracture

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: July 7, 2022

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a risk factor for osteoporosis. The effects of T2DM and anti-diabetic agents on bone mineral metabolism have been observed. Sodium-glucose co-transporter inhibitors (SGLT-2is) promote urinary glucose excretion, reduce blood level, improve the cardiovascular diabetic nephropathy outcomes. In this review, we focused extraglycemic effect physiological regulation SGLT-2is metabolism. affect turnover, microarchitecture, strength indirectly. Clinical evidence meta-analysis showed that might not increase fracture. fracture controversial, further investigation from real-world study needed. Based its significant benefit chronic kidney disease (CKD) outcomes, are an outstanding choice. Bone density (BMD) evaluation should be considered patients with high

Language: Английский

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Magnesium deficiency and its interaction with the musculoskeletal system, exercise, and connective tissue: an evidence synthesis

Sport Sciences for Health, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 20(3), P. 715 - 726

Published: March 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Current opinion on the regulation of small intestinal magnesium absorption

World Journal of Gastroenterology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 29(2), P. 332 - 342

Published: Jan. 5, 2023

Magnesium (Mg2+) has an important role in numerous biological functions, and Mg2+ deficiency is associated with several diseases. Therefore, adequate intestinal absorption of vital for health. The small intestine was previously thought to absorb digested exclusively through unregulated paracellular mechanism, which responsible approximately 90% total absorption. Recent studies, however, have revealed that the duodenum, jejunum, ileum both transcellular routes. Several regulatory factors uptake also been explored, e.g., parathyroid hormone, fibroblast growth factor-23, apical acidity, proton pump inhibitor, pH-sensing channel receptors. mechanistic underlying inhibitor suppression Mg2+, such as magnesiotropic protein dysfunction, higher mucosal bicarbonate secretion, Paneth cell inflammation, are currently being explored. potential microbiomes proposed. In this article, we reviewed current knowledge on mechanisms

Language: Английский

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