Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, Gut Dysbiosis: What Can Polyphenols Do in Inflammatory Bowel Disease?

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(4), P. 967 - 967

Published: April 20, 2023

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a long-term, progressive, and recurrent intestinal inflammatory disorder. The pathogenic mechanisms of IBD are multifaceted associated with oxidative stress, unbalanced gut microbiota, aberrant immune response. Indeed, stress can affect the progression development by regulating homeostasis microbiota Therefore, redox-targeted therapy promising treatment option for IBD. Recent evidence has verified that Chinese herbal medicine (CHM)-derived polyphenols, natural antioxidants, able to maintain redox equilibrium in tract prevent abnormal radical responses. Here, we provide comprehensive perspective implementing antioxidants as potential candidate medications. In addition, demonstrate novel technologies stratagems promoting antioxidative properties CHM-derived including delivery systems, chemical modifications, combination strategies.

Language: Английский

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The Potential of Flavonoids and Flavonoid Metabolites in the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Pathology in Disorders of Cognitive Decline

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(3), P. 663 - 663

Published: March 7, 2023

Flavonoids are a biodiverse family of dietary compounds that have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antibacterial cell protective profiles. They received considerable attention as potential therapeutic agents in biomedicine been widely used traditional complimentary medicine for generations. Such medical herbal formulations extremely complex mixtures many pharmacologically active provide outcome through network pharmacological effects complexity. Methods emerging to determine the components their targets decipher complexities how pharmacology provides such effects. The gut microbiome has important roles play generation bioactive flavonoid metabolites retaining or exceeding antioxidative anti-inflammatory properties intact and, some cases, new antitumor antineurodegenerative bioactivities. Certain food items identified with high prebiotic profiles suggesting neutraceutical supplementation may be beneficially employed preserve healthy population bacterial symbiont species minimize establishment harmful pathogenic organisms. Gut health is an consideration effecting overall wellbeing linked organ systems. Bioconversion generates can also transported by vagus nerve systemic circulation brain populations exert beneficial effect. This particularly number neurological disorders (autism, bipolar disorder, AD, PD) characterized on moods, resulting depression anxiety, impaired motor function, long-term cognitive decline. Native flavonoids alleviation inflammation tissues, however, concerns raised levels not achieved, thus allowing them display optimal Dietary manipulation vagal stimulation both yielded responses treatment autism spectrum disorders, depression, establishing route communication gut-brain axis established disease intervention. While native known penetrate blood–brain barrier, microbiome-generated (e.g., protocatechuic acid, urolithins, γ-valerolactones), which retain antioxidant potency addition promote mitochondrial cerebrovascular microcapillary should considered biotherapeutic agents. Studies warranted experimentally examine efficacy directly, they emerge novel options.

Language: Английский

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Dangers of the chronic stress response in the context of the microbiota-gut-immune-brain axis and mental health: a narrative review

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: May 2, 2024

More than 20% of American adults live with a mental disorder, many whom are treatment resistant or continue to experience symptoms. Other approaches needed improve health care, including prevention. The role the microbiome has emerged as central tenet in and physical their interconnectedness (well-being). Under normal conditions, healthy promotes homeostasis within host by maintaining intestinal brain barrier integrity, thereby facilitating well-being. Owing multidirectional crosstalk between neuro-endocrine-immune systems, dysbiosis is main driver immune-mediated systemic neural inflammation that can promote disease progression detrimental well-being broadly particular. In predisposed individuals, immune dysregulation shift autoimmunity, especially presence psychological triggers. chronic stress response involves system, which intimately involved gut microbiome, particularly process education. This interconnection forms microbiota-gut-immune-brain axis disorders. this brief review, we aim highlight relationships stress, health, along ways dysregulated system an autoimmune concomitant neuropsychological consequences context axis. Finally, review evidenced-based prevention strategies potential therapeutic targets.

Language: Английский

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Anti-Aging Effects of Flavonoids from Plant Extracts

Foods, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(15), P. 2441 - 2441

Published: Aug. 2, 2024

Aging is a natural and irreversible process, affecting living organisms by negatively impacting the tissues' cells' morphology functionality consequently being responsible for aging-related diseases. Taking into account actual preoccupations of both consumers researchers, healthy anti-aging alternatives are intensively studied in order to address such concerns. Due their functional features, plant flavonoids can be considered valuable nutraceuticals. This paper highlights possibilities use extracted from various plants potential on skin, brain, heart. Moreover, anticarcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic properties summarized, along with senescence-associated mechanisms. Both nutraceutical cosmeceutical fields continuously developing originating promising candidates obtain products. Thus, bioactive compounds' extraction subsequent involvement innovative product manufacturing must carefully performed while aware intrinsic extrinsic factors that may affect phytochemicals' structures, bioavailability, health effects.

Language: Английский

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Teaghrelin protected dopaminergic neurons in MPTP‐induced Parkinson's disease animal model by promoting PINK1/Parkin‐mediated mitophagy and AMPK/SIRT1/PGC1‐α‐mediated mitochondrial biogenesis

Environmental Toxicology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 39(7), P. 4022 - 4034

Published: April 15, 2024

Abstract Mitochondrial dysfunction, a common cellular hallmark in both familial and sporadic forms of Parkinson's disease (PD), is assumed to play significant role pathologic development progression the disease. Teaghrelin, unique bioactive compound some oolong tea varieties, has been demonstrated protect SH‐SY5Y cells against 1‐methyl‐4‐phenylpyridinium induced neurotoxicity by binding ghrelin receptor activate AMPK/SIRT1/PGC‐1α pathway. In this study, an animal model was established using neurotoxin, 1‐methyl‐4phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), byproduct prohibited drug, evaluate oral efficacy teaghrelin on PD monitoring motor dysfunction mice open field, pole, bean walking tests. The results showed that MPTP‐induced significantly attenuated supplementation. Tyrosine hydroxylase dopamine transporter protein were found reduced striatum midbrain MPTP‐treated mice, mitigated Furthermore, administration enhanced mitophagy mitochondria biogenesis, which maintained cell homeostasis prevented accumulation αSyn apoptosis‐related proteins. It seemed protected dopaminergic neurons increasing PINK1/Parkin‐mediated AMPK/SIRT1/PGC‐1α‐mediated highlighting its potential therapeutic maintaining function PD.

Language: Английский

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The microbiota-gut-brain-immune interface in the pathogenesis of neuroinflammatory diseases: a narrative review of the emerging literature

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: May 16, 2024

Importance Research is beginning to elucidate the sophisticated mechanisms underlying microbiota-gut-brain-immune interface, moving from primarily animal models human studies. Findings support dynamic relationships between gut microbiota as an ecosystem (microbiome) within (host) and its intersection with host immune nervous systems. Adding this effects on epigenetic regulation of gene expression further complicates strengthens response. At heart inflammation, which manifests in a variety pathologies including neurodegenerative diseases such Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Observations Generally, research date limited has focused bacteria, likely due simplicity cost-effectiveness 16s rRNA sequencing, despite lower resolution inability determine functional ability/alterations. However, omits all other fungi, viruses, phages, are emerging key members microbiome. Much been done pre-clinical and/or small studies more developed parts world. The observed promising but cannot be considered reliable or generalizable at time. Specifically, causal determined currently. More followed by then little MS. data for MS encouraging this. Conclusions relevance While still nascent, interface may missing link, hampered our progress understanding, let alone preventing, managing, putting into remission diseases. Relationships must first established humans, have shown poorly translate complex physiology environments, especially when investigating microbiome where often overly simplistic. Only can robust conducted humans using mechanistic model

Language: Английский

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Role of Exosomes in Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s Diseases

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Parkinson's disease (PD), the second most common neurological ailment in world after Alzheimer's (AD), affects about 1% of those over 65 years. Exosomes were first thought to be useless cell debris. It has been discovered that exosomes contain a variety non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs, as well other bioactive compounds. A few these compounds are functional messenger RNAs (mRNAs), certain proteins, lipids, chemicals. Our understanding exosome function body improved result this information. physiological activities show important include migration, angiogenesis, intercellular communication, anti-tumor immunity. can help nervous system's cells communicate with one another, get rid waste, keep myelin coating place. Similar this, it is possible development central system illnesses like influenced by brain exosomes. The several neurodegenerative disorders (NDD), mostly attributed extracellular vehicles (EVs) known (EXOs). As result, have attracted attention EVs pathophysiological roles. Because their shown ability transport both pathogenic therapeutic cargo, researchers altered EXOs for use drug delivery.

Language: Английский

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Polyphenol-Rich Beverages and Mental Health Outcomes

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(2), P. 272 - 272

Published: Jan. 25, 2023

Emerging evidence suggests that diets rich in plant-based foods and beverages may exert plausible effects on human health tackling the risk of chronic diseases. Although data are promising for numerous outcomes, including cardiovascular diseases, mental limited. The aim this study was to investigate association between individual polyphenol-rich intake such as perceived stress, depressive symptoms, sleep quality, among adult individuals living Mediterranean area. demographic dietary characteristics a sample 1572 adults southern Italy were analysed. Multivariate logistic regression analyses, controlling confounding factors, used calculate odds ratios (ORs) 95% confidence intervals (CIs) alcoholic containing polyphenols outcomes. multivariate model adjusted background covariates diet showed with moderate (up 1 cup/glass per day) coffee tea less likely have high stress (OR = 0.61, CI: 0.45-0.84) symptoms 0.56, 0.39-0.80), respectively. Furthermore, regular moderate/regular red wine drinkers 0.72, 0.54-0.95 OR 0.74, 0.54-0.99, respectively). No significant associations retrieved quality. In conclusion, results present suggest be associated health, terms stress. Nonetheless, further research exploring how impact brain what optimal patterns consumption different populations warranted.

Language: Английский

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Modulation of Glial Cell Functions by the Gut–Brain Axis: A Role in Neurodegenerative Disorders and Pain Transmission

Cells, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(12), P. 1612 - 1612

Published: June 13, 2023

Studies on host microbiota and their interactions with the central nervous system (CNS) have grown considerably in last decade. Indeed, it has been widely demonstrated that dysregulations of bidirectional gut–brain crosstalk are involved development several pathological conditions, including chronic pain. In addition, activation peripheral glial cells is also implicated pathogenesis progression pain other neurodegenerative disorders. Recent preclinical findings suggest gut plays a pivotal role regulating maturation, morphology function, possibly through action different microbial metabolites, most studied short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Moreover, altered composition reported CNS disorders characterized by cell activation. this review, we discuss recent studies showing effects its depletion modulating function (microglia astrocytes), hypothesize possible for glia–microbiota maintenance

Language: Английский

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Plant-derived polyphenolic compounds: nanodelivery through polysaccharide-based systems to improve the biological properties

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 64(32), P. 11894 - 11918

Published: Aug. 10, 2023

AbstractPlant-derived polyphenols are naturally occurring compounds widely distributed in plants. They have received greater attention the food and pharmaceutical industries due to their potential health benefits, reducing risk of some chronic diseases antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, cardioprotective, neuro-action properties. Polyphenolic orally administered can be used as adjuvants several treatments but with restricted uses chemical instability. The review discusses different structural compositions influence on stability. Despite wide applications, there is a need improve delivery polyphenolics target human intestine without massive modifications. Oral administration unfeasible instability, low bioaccessibility, limited bioavailability. Nano-delivery systems based polysaccharides (starch, pectin, chitosan, cellulose) been identified viable option for oral ingestion, potentiate biological effects, direct-controlled specific tissues. time dose individualized diseases, such intestinal cancer. This will address mechanisms by which polysaccharides-based nanostructured protect against degradation enhance permeation, bioavailability, application nanocarriers controlled targeted polyphenolic compounds.Keywords: Antioxidantsbioavailabilityflavonoidsnanoencapsulationpolyphenolic compoundspolysaccharidestarget Disclosure statementThe authors declare no conflicts interest.Author contributionsT.K.O.R.: Conceptualization, data curation, writing (original draft editing); F.F.A.S.: (review E.S.B: J.P.F.: conceptualization, supervision, editing). All read agreed published version manuscript.Additional informationFundingThe acknowledge National Council Scientific Technological Development (CNPq) T.K.O.R. scholarship (#151150/2023-0) J.P.F. productivity (#307842/2022-3). São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) (#2023/09620-3). study was financially supported grants #2013/07914-8, #2022/12834-2 #2023/01396-7 from (FAPESP).

Language: Английский

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