Oxidative Stress in Depression: The Link with the Stress Response, Neuroinflammation, Serotonin, Neurogenesis and Synaptic Plasticity

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(2), P. 470 - 470

Published: Feb. 13, 2023

Depression is a prevalent, complex, and highly debilitating disease. The full comprehension of this disease still global challenge. Indeed, relapse, recurrency, therapeutic resistance are serious challenges in the fight against depression. Nevertheless, abnormal functioning stress response, inflammatory processes, neurotransmission, neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity known to underlie pathophysiology mental disorder. role oxidative and, particularly, depression widely recognized, being important for both its onset development. excessive generation reactive oxygen species lack efficient antioxidant response trigger processes such as inflammation, neurodegeneration, neuronal death. Keeping mind importance detailed study about cellular molecular mechanisms that present depression, review focuses on link between neuroinflammation, serotonergic pathways, plasticity's imbalances these lead new era treatment knowledge complex

Language: Английский

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Neuroprotective Potentials of Flavonoids: Experimental Studies and Mechanisms of Action

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(2), P. 280 - 280

Published: Jan. 27, 2023

Neurological and neurodegenerative diseases, particularly those related to aging, are on the rise, but drug therapies rarely curative. Functional disorders organic degeneration of nervous tissue often have complex causes, in which phenomena oxidative stress, inflammation cytotoxicity intertwined. For these reasons, search for natural substances that can slow down or counteract pathologies has increased rapidly over last two decades. In this paper, studies neuroprotective effects flavonoids (especially most widely used, hesperidin quercetin) animal models depression, neurotoxicity, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) Parkinson’s reviewed. The literature topics amounts a few hundred publications vitro vivo (notably rodents) provides us with very detailed picture action mechanisms targets substances. These include decrease enzymes produce reactive oxygen ferroptosis, inhibition mono-amine oxidases, stimulation Nrf2/ARE system, induction brain-derived neurotrophic factor production and, case AD, prevention amyloid-beta aggregation. neuroinflammatory processes been documented as cytokine formation (mainly TNF-alpha IL-1beta) by microglia astrocytes, modulating number regulatory proteins such Nf-kB NLRP3/inflammasome. Although clinical trials humans still scarce, preclinical allow consider hesperidin, quercetin, other interesting safe dietary molecules be further investigated complementary treatments order prevent diseases moderate their deleterious effects.

Language: Английский

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Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant, and Neuroprotective Effects of Polyphenols—Polyphenols as an Element of Diet Therapy in Depressive Disorders

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(3), P. 2258 - 2258

Published: Jan. 23, 2023

Depressive disorders can affect up to 350 million people worldwide, and in developed countries, the percentage of patients with depressive may be as high 10%. During depression, activation pro-inflammatory pathways, mitochondrial dysfunction, increased markers oxidative stress, a reduction antioxidant effectiveness body are observed. It is estimated that approximately 30% depressed do not respond traditional pharmacological treatments. However, more attention being paid influence active ingredients food on course risk neurological disorders, including depression. The possibility using foods containing polyphenols an element diet therapy depression was analyzed review. whether consumption products such could alleviate or prevent progression it also considered. Results from preclinical studies demonstrate potential phenolic compounds have reduce behaviors by regulating factors related neuroinflammation, modulation intestinal microbiota.

Language: Английский

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Ameliorating Mitochondrial Dysfunction of Neurons by Biomimetic Targeting Nanoparticles Mediated Mitochondrial Biogenesis to Boost the Therapy of Parkinson's Disease

Advanced Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10(22)

Published: May 18, 2023

Abstract Mitochondrial dysfunction of neurons is the core pathogenesis incurable Parkinson's disease (PD). It crucial to ameliorate mitochondrial for boosting therapy PD. Herein, remarkable promotion biogenesis and improve treatment PD by using mitochondria‐targeted biomimetic nanoparticles, which are Cu 2‐ x Se‐based nanoparticles functionalized with curcumin wrapped DSPE‐PEG 2000 ‐TPP‐modified macrophage membrane (denoted as CSCCT NPs), reported. These can efficiently target mitochondria damaged in an inflammatory environment, mediate signaling pathway NAD + /SIRT1/PGC‐1 α /PPAR γ /NRF1/TFAM alleviate 1‐methyl‐4‐phenylpyridinium (MPP )‐induced neuronal toxicity. They reduce reactive oxygen species, restore potential (MMP), protect integrity respiratory chain, via promoting biogenesis, synergistically motor disorders anxiety behavior 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)‐induced mice. This study demonstrates that targeting has a great mitochondria‐related diseases.

Language: Английский

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The influence of the gut-brain axis on anxiety and depression: A review of the literature on the use of probiotics

Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(3), P. 237 - 255

Published: March 21, 2024

This review aims to argue how using probiotics can improve anxiety and depressive behaviour without adverse effects, also exploring the impact of postbiotics on it. Specifically, have drawn more attention as effective alternative treatments, considering rising cost antidepressant anti-anxiety drugs high risk side effects. Depression disorders are among most common mental illnesses in world's population, characterised by low mood, poor general interest, cognitive or motor dysfunction. Thus, this study analyzed published literature anxiety, depression, probiotic supplementation from PubMed Scopus, focusing last twenty years. focused effect health they because their extensive clinical applications positive various diseases. Numerous studies demonstrated gut microbiota might be critical for mood regulation affect host regulating gut-brain axis. By comparing different works analysed, it was possible identify a strategy which selected employed and, at same time, assess optimised postbiotics, an innovation well-being humans.

Language: Английский

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Phenolic Compounds in Plants

Published: Oct. 17, 2024

Different abiotic stresses, viz ., extreme heat, drought, flood, light, salt, and heavy metals, have an impact on the all kinds of plants earth. These stresses influence their ability to produce food. Understanding how respond stress is so critical; however, can overcome such by producing specific types chemical compounds. Polyphenols are most common type plant-specific chemical, it commonly accepted that they help cope with stress. This diversified array compounds/secondary metabolites includes a wide range forms, from single aromatic rings polymerized molecules. Each these compounds may serve distinct role in plant growth, development, tolerance, depending synthesized. In this chapter, attempt has been made summarize different phenolic against stresses.

Language: Английский

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Targeting natural antioxidant polyphenols to protect neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases: a comprehensive review

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: Jan. 24, 2025

Polyphenols, naturally occurring phytonutrients found in plant-based foods, have attracted significant attention for their potential therapeutic effects neurological diseases and neuroinflammation. These compounds possess diverse neuroprotective capabilities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-amyloid properties, which contribute to mitigating the progression of neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's Disease (AD), Parkinson's (PD), Dementia, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Stroke, Huntington's (HD). Polyphenols been extensively studied ability regulate inflammatory responses by modulating activity pro-inflammatory genes influencing signal transduction pathways, thereby reducing neuroinflammation neuronal death. Additionally, polyphenols shown promise various cellular signaling pathways associated with viability, synaptic plasticity, cognitive function. Epidemiological clinical studies highlight polyphenol-rich diets decrease risk alleviate symptoms disorders Furthermore, demonstrated through regulation key Akt, Nrf2, STAT, MAPK, play critical roles neuroprotection body's immune response. This review emphasizes growing body evidence supporting combating neurodegeneration neuroinflammation, well enhancing brain health. Despite substantial promising hypotheses, further research investigations are necessary fully understand role establish them advanced targets age-related neuroinflammatory conditions.

Language: Английский

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Critical Review of the Cross-Links Between Dietary Components, the Gut Microbiome, and Depression

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(2), P. 614 - 614

Published: Jan. 13, 2025

The complex relationship between diet, the gut microbiota, and mental health, particularly depression, has become a focal point of contemporary research. This critical review examines how specific dietary components, such as fiber, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, bioactive compounds, shape microbiome influence microbial metabolism in order to regulate depressive outcomes. These dietary-induced changes microbiota can modulate production metabolites, which play vital roles gut–brain communication. axis facilitates this communication through neural, immune, endocrine pathways. Alterations metabolites central nervous system (CNS) functions by impacting neuroplasticity, inflammatory responses, neurotransmitter levels—all are linked onset course depression. highlights recent findings linking components with beneficial composition reduced symptoms. We also explore challenges individual variability responses interventions long-term sustainability these strategies. underscores necessity for further longitudinal mechanistic studies elucidate precise mechanisms diet interactions be leveraged mitigate paving way personalized nutritional therapies.

Language: Английский

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Flavonoids and their role in oxidative stress, inflammation, and human diseases

Chemico-Biological Interactions, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 111489 - 111489

Published: March 1, 2025

Oxidative stress and chronic inflammation are important drivers in the pathogenesis progression of many diseases, such as cancers breast, kidney, lung, others, autoimmune diseases (rheumatoid arthritis), cardiovascular (hypertension, atherosclerosis, arrhythmia), neurodegenerative (Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's Huntington's disease), mental disorders (depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder), gastrointestinal (inflammatory bowel colorectal cancer), other disorders. With increasing demand for less toxic more tolerable therapies, flavonoids have potential to effectively modulate responsiveness conventional therapy radiotherapy. Flavonoids polyphenolic compounds found fruits, vegetables, grains, plant-derived beverages. Six twelve structurally different flavonoid subgroups dietary significance include anthocyanidins (e.g. pelargonidin, cyanidin), flavan-3-ols epicatechin, epigallocatechin), flavonols quercetin, kaempferol), flavones luteolin, baicalein), flavanones hesperetin, naringenin), isoflavones (daidzein, genistein). The health benefits related their structural characteristics, number position hydroxyl groups presence C2=C3 double bonds, which predetermine ability chelate metal ions, terminate ROS radicals formed by Fenton reaction), interact with biological targets trigger a response. Based on these can exert both antioxidant or prooxidant properties, activity ROS-scavenging enzymes expression activation proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)), induce apoptosis autophagy, target key signaling pathways, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related 2 (Nrf2) Bcl-2 family proteins. This review aims briefly discuss mutually interconnected aspects oxidative inflammatory mechanisms, lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, DNA damage, mechanism resolution inflammation. major part this article discusses role alleviating inflammation, two common components human diseases. results epidemiological studies also presented.

Language: Английский

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Neuroprotective Effects of Phytochemicals against Aluminum Chloride-Induced Alzheimer’s Disease through ApoE4/LRP1, Wnt3/β-Catenin/GSK3β, and TLR4/NLRP3 Pathways with Physical and Mental Activities in a Rat Model

Pharmaceuticals, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 15(8), P. 1008 - 1008

Published: Aug. 17, 2022

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that associated with abnormal cognition. AD aided in its initiation and progression by hereditary environmental factors. Aluminum (Al) neurotoxic agent causes oxidative stress, which linked to progression. Additionally, Nrf2/HO-1, APOE4/LRP1, Wnt3/β-catenin, TLR4/NLRP3 are the main signaling pathways involved pathogenesis. Several phytochemicals promising options delaying evolution.This study aimed at studying neuroprotective effects of some as morin (MOR), thymol (TML), thymoquinone (TMQ) on physical mental activities (PhM) Al chloride (AlCl3)-induced rat model. Another objective was determine specificity using molecular docking.Eighty male Dawley rats were divided into eight groups. Each group received: saline (control group), AlCl3, (ALAD), PhM, either alone or combination MOR, TML, and/or TMQ for five weeks. Animals then subjected behavioral evaluation. Brain tissues used histopathological biochemical analyses extent neurodegeneration. The effect AlCl3-induced stress also investigated.AlCl3 caused decline spatial learning memory, well changes brains rats. Phytochemicals combined PhM restored antioxidant activities, increased HO-1 Nrf2 levels, blocked inflammasome activation, apoptosis, TLR4 expression, amyloide-β generation, tau hyperphophorylation. They brought ApoE4 LRP1 levels back normal regulated Wnt3/β-catenin/GSK3β pathway.The use strategy reducing modulating TLR4/NLRP3, Wnt3/β-catenin/GSK-3β pathways.

Language: Английский

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