SARS‐CoV‐2 variants and vulnerability at the global level

Journal of Medical Virology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 94(7), P. 2986 - 3005

Published: March 12, 2022

Numerous variants of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic have evolved. Viral may evolve with harmful susceptibility to immunity established existing COVID-19 vaccination. These are more transmissible, induce relatively extreme illness, evasive immunological features, decrease neutralization using antibodies from vaccinated persons, and susceptible re-infection. The Centers for Disease Control Prevention (CDC) has categorized SARS-CoV-2 mutations as interest (VOI), concern (VOC), high consequence (VOHC). At moment, four VOC many been defined require constant observation. This review article summarizes various surfaced special emphasis on VOCs that spreading across world, well several viral mutational impacts how these modifications alter properties virus.

Language: Английский

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A Global Overview of Dietary Supplements: Regulation, Market Trends, Usage during the COVID-19 Pandemic, and Health Effects

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(15), P. 3320 - 3320

Published: July 26, 2023

Over the last 20 years, use of dietary supplements (DS) has continued to grow in many countries. Due public health crisis brought on by COVID-19 pandemic and amidst fears regarding vaccines their low supply regions world, there been a marked interest DS as alternative means protecting against treating this emerging disease, well boosting immune system minimizing risk inflammation. Despite lack evidence suggest efficacy, surge sales reported parts world. Questions have also raised about effects associated with due increased during crisis. Numerous scientific studies demonstrated beneficial properties some adverse even toxic effects. In addition, given current global issue, review is needed establish status before The aim summarize impact incidence pandemic, regulation market trends. First, we provide an overview DS, including comprehensive legislative regulatory aspects USA, China, EU, Algeria. Second, describe prevalence most commonly consumed efficacy prophylactic modality era COVID-19. Additionally, examine structure size countries that predominantly produce import them, its trend, growth. Finally, review, discuss profile users.

Language: Английский

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mRNA-Based Vaccines and Therapeutics for COVID-19 and Future Pandemics

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(12), P. 2150 - 2150

Published: Dec. 15, 2022

An unheard mobilization of resources to find SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and therapies has been sparked by the COVID-19 pandemic. Two years ago, COVID-19’s launch propelled mRNA-based technologies into public eye. Knowledge gained from mRNA technology used combat is assisting in creation treatments treat existing illnesses may avert pandemics future. Exploiting capacity create therapeutic proteins impede or a variety illnesses, including cancer, main goal quickly developing, highly multidisciplinary field biomedicine. In this review, we explore potential as vaccine using current research findings.

Language: Английский

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Replicating Viral Vector-Based Vaccines for COVID-19: Potential Avenue in Vaccination Arena

Viruses, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(4), P. 759 - 759

Published: April 6, 2022

The “severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)” is the third member of human (CoV) that held accountable for current “coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)” pandemic. In past two decades, world has witnessed emergence other similar CoVs, namely SARS-CoV in 2002 and MERS-CoV 2013. extent spread these earlier versions was relatively low comparison to SARS-CoV-2. Despite having numerous reports inclined towards zoonotic origin virus, one cannot simply sideline fact no animal originated CoV thus far identified considered initial edition SARS-CoV-2; however, under-sampling diverse variety coronaviruses remains a concern. Vaccines are proved be an effective tool bringing end such devastating Many vaccine platforms explored same but this review paper, we will discuss potential replicating viral vectors as carriers

Language: Английский

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Recent review of COVID-19 management: diagnosis, treatment and vaccination

Pharmacological Reports, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 74(6), P. 1120 - 1148

Published: Oct. 10, 2022

Language: Английский

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Conventional and Novel Diagnostic Tools for the Diagnosis of Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Variants

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(2), P. 374 - 374

Published: Feb. 6, 2023

Accurate identification at an early stage of infection is critical for effective care any infectious disease. The “coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)” outbreak, caused by the virus “Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)”, corresponds to current and global pandemic, characterized several developing variants, many which are classified as variants concern (VOCs) “World Health Organization (WHO, Geneva, Switzerland)”. primary diagnosis made using either molecular technique RT-PCR, detects parts viral genome’s RNA, or immunodiagnostic procedures, identify proteins antibodies generated host. As demand RT-PCR test grew fast, inexperienced producers joined market with innovative kits, increasing number laboratories diagnostic field, rendering results increasingly prone mistakes. It difficult determine how outcomes one unnoticed result could influence decisions about patient quarantine social isolation, particularly when patients themselves health providers. development point-of-care testing helps in rapid in-field disease, such can also be used a bedside monitor mapping progression patients. In this review, we have provided readers available techniques their pitfalls detecting emerging VOCs SARS-CoV-2, lastly, discussed AI-ML- nanotechnology-based smart SARS-CoV-2 detection.

Language: Английский

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Propolis and Their Active Constituents for Chronic Diseases

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(2), P. 259 - 259

Published: Jan. 18, 2023

Propolis is a mass of chemically diverse phytoconstituents with gummy textures that are naturally produced by honeybees upon collection plant resins for utilization in various life processes beehives. Since ancient times, propolis has been unique traditional remedy globally utilized several purposes, and it secured value pharmaceutical nutraceutical areas recent years. The chemical composition comprises constituents deviations the precise honeybee species, source used production bees, climate conditions harvesting season. Over 300 molecular structures have discovered from propolis, important classes include phenolic acids, flavonoids, terpenoids, benzofurans, benzopyrene chalcones. also reported to pharmacological activities, such as antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, immunomodulatory, antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, anticaries. As chronic diseases risen global health threat, abundant research conducted track its alternative therapies diseases. Several clinical trials revealed potency preventing curing some This review explores beneficial effect active credible mechanisms computational studies on

Language: Английский

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The immunomodulatory role of withania somnifera (L.) dunal in inflammatory diseases

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Feb. 22, 2023

Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal (Solanaceae) (also known as Ashwagandha) is a botanical drug that has been used for centuries to treat many chronic diseases like high blood pressure, arthritis, diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease, and depression. As drugs, w. Somnifera possesses anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticarinogenic, anti-diabetic, anti-asthmatic properties. W. often compared the ginseng plant due its ability reduce stress, improve cognitive functions (e.g., memory), promote healthy immune system. It promotes immunomodulatory effects whose function balance humoral cellular responses of adaptive The therapeutic effect attributed active ingredients alkaloids, steroidal lactones (such withanolides, withaferins), saponins. Although safe highly recommended treating various diseases, current knowledge understanding operational mechanisms are limited. One proposed states cellular-mediated immunity or initiates chemical interactions contribute effects. shown play significant role in immunological by modulating several cytokines, increasing T-cell proliferation enhancing macrophages functions. In this review, we will discuss latest on number through markers which specific components induce these activities. We also focus properties their type 2 allergic where inflammation imbalanced.

Language: Английский

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Are Nutraceuticals Effective in COVID-19 and Post-COVID Prevention and Treatment?

Foods, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(18), P. 2884 - 2884

Published: Sept. 17, 2022

The beginning of the end or beginning? After two years mastered by coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic, we are now witnessing a turnaround. reduction severe cases and deaths from COVID-19 led to increasing importance new called post-COVID syndrome. term is used indicate permanency symptoms in patients who have recovered acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Immune, antiviral, antimicrobial therapies, as well ozone therapy been treat disease. Vaccines then become available administered worldwide prevent insurgence However, pandemic not over yet at all given emergence omicron variants. New therapeutic strategies urgently needed. In this view, great interest was found nutraceutical products, including vitamins (C, D, E), minerals (zinc), melatonin, probiotics, flavonoids (quercetin), curcumin. This review summarizes role nutraceuticals prevention and/or treatment

Language: Английский

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2-Deoxy-D-Glucose and its Derivatives for the COVID-19 Treatment: An Update

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: April 12, 2022

Treatment choices for the “severe acute respiratory syndrome‐related coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2)” are inadequate, having no clarity on efficacy and safety profiles. Currently, established intervention has lowered mortality rate in “coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19)” patients. Recently, 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) evaluated as a polypharmacological agent COVID-19 therapy owing to its influence glycolytic pathway, interaction with viral proteins, anti-inflammatory action. In May 2020, Indian drug regulatory authority approved 2-DG an emergency adjunct mild severe Clinical studies of corroborate that it aids faster recovery hospitalized patients decreases supplemental oxygen. Herein, we describe development process, synthesis, mechanism eradication, preclinical clinical derivatives molecularly targeted therapeutics treatment.

Language: Английский

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