Butyrate to combat obesity and obesity‐associated metabolic disorders: Current status and future implications for therapeutic use DOI
Thirza van Deuren, Ellen E. Blaak, Emanuel E. Canfora

et al.

Obesity Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(10)

Published: July 20, 2022

Summary Evidence is increasing that disturbances in the gut microbiome may play a significant role etiology of obesity and type 2 diabetes. The short chain fatty acid butyrate, major end product bacterial fermentation indigestible carbohydrates, reputed to have anti‐inflammatory properties positive effects on body weight control insulin sensitivity. However, whether butyrate has therapeutic potential for treatment prevention obesity‐related complications remains be elucidated. Overall, animal studies strongly indicate administered via various routes (e.g., orally) positively affects adipose tissue metabolism functioning, energy substrate metabolism, systemic tissue‐specific inflammation, sensitivity control. A limited number human demonstrated interindividual differences clinical effectiveness suggesting outcomes depend metabolic, microbial, lifestyle‐related characteristics target population. Hence, despite abundant evidence from data, support data urgently required implementation evidence‐based oral gut‐derived interventions. To increase efficacy butyrate‐focused interventions, future research should investigate which factors impact including baseline microbial activity functionality, thereby optimizing targeted‐interventions identifying individuals merit most such

Language: Английский

Gut microbiome and health: mechanistic insights DOI Creative Commons
Willem M. de Vos, Herbert Tilg, Matthias Van Hul

et al.

Gut, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 71(5), P. 1020 - 1032

Published: Feb. 1, 2022

The gut microbiota is now considered as one of the key elements contributing to regulation host health. Virtually all our body sites are colonised by microbes suggesting different types crosstalk with organs. Because development molecular tools and techniques (ie, metagenomic, metabolomic, lipidomic, metatranscriptomic), complex interactions occurring between microorganisms progressively being deciphered. Nowadays, deviations linked many diseases including obesity, type 2 diabetes, hepatic steatosis, intestinal bowel (IBDs) several cancer. Thus, that various pathways involved in immunity, energy, lipid glucose metabolism affected. In this review, specific attention given provide a critical evaluation current understanding field. Numerous mechanisms explaining how bacteria might be causally protection or onset discussed. We examine well-established metabolites short-chain fatty acids, bile trimethylamine N-oxide) extend more recently identified actors endocannabinoids, bioactive lipids, phenolic-derived compounds, advanced glycation end products enterosynes) their receptors such peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) gamma (PPARγ), aryl hydrocarbon (AhR), G protein-coupled GPR41, GPR43, GPR119, Takeda 5). Altogether, complexity aspects linking health will help set basis for novel therapies already developed.

Language: Английский

Citations

1509
Gut Microbiota and Short Chain Fatty Acids: Implications in Glucose Homeostasis DOI Open Access
Piero Portincasa, Leonilde Bonfrate, Mirco Vacca

et al.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(3), P. 1105 - 1105

Published: Jan. 20, 2022

Gut microbiota encompasses a wide variety of commensal microorganisms consisting trillions bacteria, fungi, and viruses. This microbial population coexists in symbiosis with the host, related metabolites have profound effects on human health. In this respect, gut plays pivotal role regulation metabolic, endocrine, immune functions. Bacterial include short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) acetate (C2), propionate (C3), butyrate (C4), which are most abundant SCFAs body anions colon. made from fermentation dietary fiber resistant starch gut. They modulate several metabolic pathways involved obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes. Thus, diet might influence composition activity, production, effects. narrative review, we discuss relevant research focusing relationship between microbiota, SCFAs, glucose metabolism.

Language: Английский

Citations

565
Role and Mechanism of Gut Microbiota in Human Disease DOI Creative Commons
Yinwei Chen,

Jinghua Zhou,

Li Wang

et al.

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: March 17, 2021

The human gut microbiome is a huge microbial community that plays an irreplaceable role in life. With the further development of research, influence intestinal flora on diseases has been gradually excavated. Gut microbiota (GM) dysbiosis adverse health effects body will lead to variety chronic diseases. underlying mechanisms GM are incredibly complicated. This review focuses regulation and mechanism neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular metabolic gastrointestinal thus providing potential target for prevention treatment disease.

Language: Английский

Citations

456
Trends in insulin resistance: insights into mechanisms and therapeutic strategy DOI Creative Commons

Mengwei Li,

Xiaowei Chi, Ying Wang

et al.

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: July 6, 2022

The centenary of insulin discovery represents an important opportunity to transform diabetes from a fatal diagnosis into medically manageable chronic condition. Insulin is key peptide hormone and mediates the systemic glucose metabolism in different tissues. resistance (IR) disordered biological response for stimulation through disruption molecular pathways target Acquired conditions genetic factors have been implicated IR. Recent biochemical studies suggest that dysregulated metabolic mediators released by adipose tissue including adipokines, cytokines, chemokines, excess lipids toxic lipid metabolites promote IR other associated with several groups abnormal syndromes include obesity, diabetes, dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), cardiovascular disease, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), abnormalities. Although no medication specifically approved treat IR, we summarized lifestyle changes pharmacological medications used as efficient intervention improve sensitivity. Ultimately, systematic discussion complex mechanism will help identify potential new targets closely

Language: Английский

Citations

439
Review of the relationships among polysaccharides, gut microbiota, and human health DOI

Qianqian Song,

Yikun Wang,

L. Huang

et al.

Food Research International, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 140, P. 109858 - 109858

Published: Nov. 3, 2020

Language: Английский

Citations

286
Personalized microbiome-driven effects of non-nutritive sweeteners on human glucose tolerance DOI Creative Commons
Jotham Suez,

Yotam Cohen,

Rafael Valdés‐Mas

et al.

Cell, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 185(18), P. 3307 - 3328.e19

Published: Aug. 19, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

234
Gut microbial carbohydrate metabolism contributes to insulin resistance DOI Creative Commons
Tadashi Takeuchi, Tetsuya Kubota,

Yumiko Nakanishi

et al.

Nature, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 621(7978), P. 389 - 395

Published: Aug. 30, 2023

Abstract Insulin resistance is the primary pathophysiology underlying metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes 1,2 . Previous metagenomic studies have described characteristics of gut microbiota their roles in metabolizing major nutrients insulin 3–9 In particular, carbohydrate metabolism commensals has been proposed to contribute up 10% host’s overall energy extraction 10 , thereby playing a role pathogenesis obesity prediabetes 3,4,6 Nevertheless, mechanism remains unclear. Here we investigate this relationship using comprehensive multi-omics strategy humans. We combine unbiased faecal metabolomics with metagenomics, host transcriptomics data profile involvement microbiome resistance. These reveal that carbohydrates, particularly host-accessible monosaccharides, are increased individuals associated microbial metabolisms inflammatory cytokines. identify bacteria sensitivity show distinct pattern metabolism, demonstrate insulin-sensitivity-associated ameliorate phenotypes mouse model. Our study, which provides view host–microorganism relationships resistance, reveals impact by microbiota, suggesting potential therapeutic target for ameliorating

Language: Английский

Citations

214
Imidazole propionate is increased in diabetes and associated with dietary patterns and altered microbial ecology DOI Creative Commons
Antonio Molinaro, Pierre Bel Lassen, Marcus Henricsson

et al.

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Nov. 18, 2020

Microbiota-host-diet interactions contribute to the development of metabolic diseases. Imidazole propionate is a novel microbially produced metabolite from histidine, which impairs glucose metabolism. Here, we show that subjects with prediabetes and diabetes in MetaCardis cohort three European countries have elevated serum imidazole levels. Furthermore, levels were increased low bacterial gene richness Bacteroides 2 enterotype, previously been associated obesity. The enterotype was also abundance genes involved biosynthesis dietary histidine. Since patients controls did not differ their histidine intake, type likely reflects altered microbial metabolism rather than intake per se. Thus microbiota may by generating can modulate host inflammation

Language: Английский

Citations

191
Role of the gut microbiota in anticancer therapy: from molecular mechanisms to clinical applications DOI Creative Commons
Lin-Yong Zhao,

Jia-Xin Mei,

Gang Yu

et al.

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: May 13, 2023

Abstract In the past period, due to rapid development of next-generation sequencing technology, accumulating evidence has clarified complex role human microbiota in cancer and therapeutic response. More importantly, available seems indicate that modulating composition gut improve efficacy anti-cancer drugs may be feasible. However, intricate complexities exist, a deep comprehensive understanding how interacts with is critical realize its full potential treatment. The purpose this review summarize initial clues on molecular mechanisms regarding mutual effects between development, highlight relationship microbes immunotherapy, chemotherapy, radiation therapy surgery, which provide insights into formulation individualized strategies for management. addition, current emerging microbial interventions as well their clinical applications are summarized. Although many challenges remain now, great importance cannot overstated strategies, it necessary explore holistic approach incorporates modulation cancer.

Language: Английский

Citations

175
Microbiome risk profiles as biomarkers for inflammatory and metabolic disorders DOI
Amira Metwaly, Sandra Reitmeier, Dirk Haller

et al.

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 19(6), P. 383 - 397

Published: Feb. 21, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

174