Frontiers in Medicine,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
11
Published: Aug. 29, 2024
Remarkable
progress
has
been
achieved
in
sepsis
treatment
recent
times,
the
mortality
rate
of
experienced
a
gradual
decline
as
result
prompt
administration
antibiotics,
fluid
resuscitation,
and
implementation
various
therapies
aimed
at
supporting
multiple
organ
functions.
However,
there
is
still
significant
room
for
improvement.
The
septic
patients,
22.5%,
unacceptably
high,
accounting
19.7%
all
global
deaths.
Therefore,
it
crucial
to
thoroughly
comprehend
pathogenesis
order
enhance
clinical
diagnosis
methods.
Here,
we
summarized
classic
mechanisms
progression,
activation
signal
pathways,
mitochondrial
quality
control,
imbalance
pro-and
anti-
inflammation
response,
diseminated
intravascular
coagulation
(DIC),
cell
death,
presented
latest
research
findings
each
mechanism
identify
potential
therapeutic
targets
within
mechanism.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
24(12), P. 10402 - 10402
Published: June 20, 2023
Inflammasomes
are
multiprotein
complexes
that
activate
inflammatory
responses
by
inducing
pyroptosis
and
secretion
of
pro-inflammatory
cytokines.
Along
with
many
previous
studies
on
diseases
induced
canonical
inflammasomes,
an
increasing
number
have
demonstrated
non-canonical
such
as
mouse
caspase-11
human
caspase-4
emerging
key
players
in
various
diseases.
Flavonoids
natural
bioactive
compounds
found
plants,
fruits,
vegetables,
teas
pharmacological
properties
a
wide
range
Many
successfully
flavonoids
play
anti-inflammatory
role
ameliorate
inhibiting
inflammasomes.
Others
the
roles
diseases,
new
mechanism
which
inhibit
This
review
discusses
recent
investigated
inflammasomes
further
provides
insight
into
developing
flavonoid-based
therapeutics
potential
nutraceuticals
against
Microbiology Spectrum,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
11(4)
Published: June 27, 2023
Red
ginseng,
widely
used
in
traditional
medicine
for
various
conditions,
imparts
health
benefits
mainly
by
modulating
the
gut
microbiota
humans.
Given
similarities
between
humans
and
dogs,
red
ginseng-derived
dietary
fiber
may
have
prebiotic
potential
dogs;
however,
its
effects
on
dogs
remain
elusive.
This
double-blinded,
longitudinal
study
investigated
impact
of
ginseng
host
response
dogs.
A
total
40
healthy
household
were
randomly
assigned
to
low-dose
(n
=
12),
high-dose
16),
or
control
12)
groups
fed
a
normal
diet
supplemented
with
(3
g/5
kg
body
weight
per
day,
8
no
supplement,
respectively)
weeks.
The
was
analyzed
at
4
weeks
using
16S
rRNA
gene
sequencing
fecal
samples.
Alpha
diversity
significantly
increased
groups,
respectively.
Moreover,
biomarker
analysis
showed
that
short-chain
fatty
acid
producers
such
as
Sarcina
Proteiniclasticum
enriched,
while
pathogens
Helicobacter
decreased,
indicating
pathogen
resistance
fiber.
Microbial
network
complexity
microbial
interactions
both
doses,
stability
microbiota.
These
findings
suggest
could
be
modulate
improve
IMPORTANCE
canine
is
an
attractive
model
translational
studies,
it
responds
interventions
similarly
those
Investigating
share
environment
can
produce
highly
generalizable
reproducible
results
owing
their
representativeness
general
population.
double-blind
derived
from
altered
increasing
diversity,
enriching
acid-producing
microbes,
decreasing
pathogens,
interactions.
indicate
promote
microbiota,
suggesting
possibility
use
prebiotic.
Journal of Ginseng Research,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
48(2), P. 122 - 128
Published: Nov. 14, 2023
Nonalcoholic
fatty
liver
disease
(NAFLD)
is
a
chronic
characterized
by
hepatic
fat
accumulation,
while
nonalcoholic
steatohepatitis
(NASH)
an
advanced
form
of
NAFLD
inflammation,
fibrosis,
and
injury,
resulting
in
cirrhosis
hepatocellular
carcinoma
(HCC).
Given
the
evidence
that
ginseng
its
major
bioactive
components,
ginsenosides,
have
potent
anti-adipogenic,
anti-inflammatory,
anti-oxidative,
anti-fibrogenic
effects,
pharmacological
effect
ginsenosides
on
NASH
noteworthy.
Furthermore,
numerous
studies
successfully
demonstrated
protective
these
diseases,
as
well
underlying
mechanisms
animal
models
cells,
such
hepatocytes
macrophages.
This
review
discusses
recent
explore
roles
highlights
their
potential
agents
to
prevent
treat
NAFLD,
NASH,
diseases
caused
steatosis
inflammation.
Inflammasomes
are
multiprotein
complexes
that
activate
inflammatory
responses
by
inducing
pyroptosis
and
secretion
of
pro-inflammatory
cytokines.
Along
with
many
previous
studies
on
diseases
induced
canonical
inflammasomes,
an
increasing
number
have
demonstrated
non-canonical
such
as
mouse
caspase-11
human
caspase-4
emerging
key
players
in
various
diseases.
Flavonoids
natural
bioactive
compounds
found
plants,
fruits,
vegetables,
teas
pharmacological
properties
a
wide
range
Many
successfully
flavonoids
play
anti-inflammatory
role
ameliorate
inhibiting
inflammasomes.
Others
the
roles
diseases,
new
mechanism
which
inhibit
This
review
discusses
recent
investigated
inflammasomes
further
provides
insight
into
developing
flavonoid-based
therapeutics
potential
nutraceuticals
against
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
24(11), P. 9224 - 9224
Published: May 25, 2023
Inflammation
represents
the
innate
immune
response
of
body
tissues
against
invading
microbes
and
cellular
danger
signals,
and,
in
this
way,
it
is
beneficial
[...].
Molecules,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
29(7), P. 1455 - 1455
Published: March 24, 2024
Intracellular
protein
complexes,
known
as
inflammasomes,
activate
caspase-1
and
induce
the
secretion
of
pro-inflammatory
cytokines,
namely
interleukin
(IL)-1β
-18.
Korean
Red
Ginseng
extract
(RGE)
is
a
immunomodulator
potential
candidate
for
regulation
inflammasomes.
The
saponins,
such
ginsenosides,
RGE
inhibit
inflammasome
signaling,
while
non-saponin
substances
containing
amino
sugars
promote
priming
step,
up-regulating
components
(pro-IL-1β,
NLRP3,
caspase-1,
Asc).
In
this
study,
sugar-enriched
fraction
(ASEF),
which
increases
only
components,
including
sugars,
without
changing
concentration
saponin
substances,
was
used
to
investigate
whether
or
would
have
greater
impact
on
step.
When
murine
macrophages
were
treated
with
ASEF,
gene
expression
inflammatory
cytokines
(IL-1α,
TNFα,
IL-6,
IL-10)
increased.
Additionally,
ASEF
induced
step
but
did
not
affect
activation
IL-1β,
cleavage
formation
Asc
pyroptosome.
Furthermore,
upregulation
by
blocked
inhibitors
Toll-like
receptor
4
signaling.
Maltol,
main
constituent
promoted
inhibited
inflammasome,
arginine,
arginine–fructose–glucose,
fructose–arginine,
other
constituents
had
no
effect
either
Thus,
certain
in
RGE,
excluding
maltol,
are
believed
be
that
prepares
NLRP3
appears
thereby
contributing
immune-boosting
effects
RGE.
Journal of Ginseng Research,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
48(4), P. 428 - 434
Published: April 7, 2024
Platelet–leukocyte
aggregates
(PLAs)
play
important
roles
in
cardiovascular
disease
and
sepsis.
Red
ginseng
extract
(RGE)
has
been
well-studied
for
its
antiplatelet
anti-inflammatory
activities.
However,
the
potential
inhibitory
effects
of
RGE
on
PLA
have
not
investigated.
Six-week-old
ICR
mice
were
given
oral
gavage
7
days,
followed
by
an
intraperitoneal
injection
15
mg/kg
lipopolysaccharide.
Mice
euthanized
24
h
later,
blood
samples
collected
further
analysis.
Flow
cytometry
was
utilized
to
sort
populations
PLAs
platelet–neutrophil
(PNAs).
By
using
confocal
microscopy,
PNAs
validated.
Morphological
changes
platelets
leukocytes
visualized
with
scanning
electron
microscopy.
Expressions
tissue
factor
(TF)
platelet
4
(PF4)
investigated
enzyme-linked
immunosorbent
assay.
Populations
activated
platelets,
PNAs,
significantly
increased
LPS-induction.
Treatment
200
400
decreased
activation.
Moreover,
reduced.
visible
septic
mice,
this
attenuated
treatment
RGE.
Morphologically,
sepsis-induced
activation
fibrin
formation
blood.
This
reduced
treatment.
Sepsis-induced
increase
plasma
levels
TF
PF4
also
study
shows
that
is
a
therapeutic
reduces
targets
PNA
formation.
Detailed
mechanisms
should
be
studied.
