The mediodorsal thalamus in executive control

Neuron, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 112(6), P. 893 - 908

Published: Jan. 30, 2024

Language: Английский

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Negative affect-driven impulsivity as hierarchical model-based overgeneralization

Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Stimulus control of habits: Evidence for both stimulus specificity and devaluation insensitivity in a dual‐response task

Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 121(1), P. 52 - 61

Published: Dec. 15, 2023

Abstract Goal‐directed and habitual actions are clearly defined by their associative relations. Whereas goal‐directed control can be confirmed via tests of outcome devaluation contingency‐degradation sensitivity, a comparable criterion for positively detecting habits has not been established. To confirm responding, test the stimulus–response association is required while also ruling out control. Here we describe an approach to developing such in rats using two discriminative stimuli that set occasion different responses then earn same outcome. Performance was insensitive showed specificity, indicative stimulus‐controlled behavior. The reliance associations further supported lack sensitivity during single extinction session used here. These results demonstrate concurrently trained come under when they share common By reducing ability one stimulus signal its corresponding response–outcome association, found evidence dissociated from habits. Overall, these experiments provide assessing specific investigate

Language: Английский

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Acute stress facilitates habitual behavior in female rats

Physiology & Behavior, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 275, P. 114456 - 114456

Published: Jan. 4, 2024

Language: Английский

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Making and breaking habits: Revisiting the definitions and behavioral factors that influence habits in animals

Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 121(1), P. 8 - 26

Published: Nov. 27, 2023

Abstract Habits have garnered significant interest in studies of associative learning and maladaptive behavior. However, habit research has faced scrutiny challenges related to the definitions methods. Differences conceptualizations habits between animal human create difficulties for translational research. Here, we review commonly used methods studying animals humans discuss potential alternative ways assess habits, such as automaticity. To better understand then focus on behavioral factors that been shown make or break animals, well mechanisms underlying influence these factors. We evidence habitual goal‐directed systems learn parallel they seem interact competitive cooperative manners. Finally, draw parallels responding compulsive drug seeking delineate similarities differences behaviors.

Language: Английский

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Differential influence of habitual behavior components on compulsive and problematic reward-seeking behavior

Published: Oct. 3, 2022

Habitual behavior has been identified as a key process involved in variety of mental health problems. Previous research shown that habit is not unitary construct. The present study examined how different components habitual relate to compulsive and problematic reward-seeking behavior. In two studies, participants (N = 666) completed French version the Creature Habit Scale, which measures behavior: routine automaticity. Participants also questionnaires assessing compulsivity, behaviors, stress, impulsivity. Dynamic network analyses indicated were differentially related these problems: was associated with while automaticity media consumption. These findings suggest taking non-unitary architecture into account may help better understand role health.

Language: Английский

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Can the Brain Strategically Go on Automatic Pilot? The Effect of If–Then Planning on Behavioral Flexibility

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 35(6), P. 957 - 975

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Abstract People often have good intentions but fail to adhere them. Implementation intentions, a form of strategic planning, can help people close this intention–behavior gap. Their effectiveness has been proposed depend on the mental formation stimulus–response association between trigger and target behavior, thereby creating an “instant habit.” If implementation do indeed lead reliance habitual control, then may come at cost reduced behavioral flexibility. Furthermore, we would expect shift from recruitment corticostriatal brain regions implicated in goal-directed control toward habit regions. To test these ideas, performed fMRI study which participants received instrumental training supported by either or goal followed outcome revaluation versus control. We found that led increased efficiency early training, as reflected higher accuracy, faster RTs, decreased anterior caudate engagement. However, did not reduce flexibility when goals changed during phase, nor it affect underlying pathways. In addition, showed “slips action” devalued outcomes are associated with activity (ventromedial prefrontal cortex lateral orbitofrontal cortex) fronto-parietal salience network (including insula, dorsal cingulate cortex, SMA). conclusion, our neuroimaging findings suggest if–then planning does

Language: Английский

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Action sequence learning, habits, and automaticity in obsessive-compulsive disorder

eLife, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: June 26, 2023

This study investigates the goal/habit imbalance theory of compulsion in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), which postulates enhanced habit formation, increased automaticity, and impaired arbitration. It directly tests these hypotheses using newly developed behavioral tasks. First, OCD patients healthy participants were trained daily for a month smartphone app to perform chunked action sequences. Despite similar procedural learning attainment habitual performance (measured by an objective automaticity criterion) both groups, self-reported higher subjective tendencies via recently questionnaire. Subsequently, re-evaluation task assessing choices between established automatic novel goal-directed actions, groups sensitive based on monetary feedback. However, patients, especially those with compulsive symptoms tendencies, showed clear preference trained/habitual sequences when physical effort, possibly due their attributed intrinsic value. These also used habit-training more extensively reported symptom relief post-study. The tendency attribute value familiar actions may be potential mechanism leading compulsions important addition hypothesis OCD. We highlight training as reversal therapeutic tool.

Language: Английский

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Rapid, automated, and experimenter-free touchscreen testing reveals reciprocal interactions between cognitive flexibility and activity-based anorexia in female rats

eLife, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: June 30, 2023

Anorexia nervosa has among the highest mortality rates of any psychiatric disorder and is characterized by cognitive inflexibility that persists after weight recovery contributes to chronic nature condition. What remains unknown whether predisposes individuals anorexia nervosa, a question difficult address in human studies. Our previous work using most well-established animal model known as activity-based (ABA) identified neurobiological link between susceptibility pathological loss female rats. However, testing flexible learning prior exposure ABA same animals been thus far impossible due length training required necessity daily handling, which can itself influence development ABA. Here, we describe experiments validate optimize first fully-automated experimenter-free touchscreen system for rats use this novel examine reciprocal links reversal (an assay flexibility) model. First, show substantially reduced time increased throughput compared conventional methods because engage test sessions at their own direction complete multiple per day without experimenter involvement. We also that, contrary expectations, measured task does not predispose Instead, were predisposed more quickly able learn exposure. Intriguingly, flexibility, with ABA-exposed (but weight-recovered) performing much worse than naïve on task, an impairment did occur extent exposed food restriction conditions alone. On other hand, had trained better resist upon subsequent uncovered some stable behavioral differences susceptible versus resistant during machine tools highlight possible predictors anorectic phenotypes. These findings shed new light relationship provide targets future studies investigate potential pharmacotherapies nervosa.

Language: Английский

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The Role of Implicit Associations in Alcohol and Substance Use Disorders

Springer eBooks, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 273 - 299

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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