Mechanisms linking childhood trauma exposure and psychopathology: a transdiagnostic model of risk and resilience

BMC Medicine, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 18(1)

Published: April 1, 2020

Abstract Background Transdiagnostic processes confer risk for multiple types of psychopathology and explain the co-occurrence different disorders. For this reason, transdiagnostic provide ideal targets early intervention treatment. Childhood trauma exposure is associated with elevated virtually all commonly occurring forms psychopathology. We articulate a model developmental mechanisms that strong links between childhood as well protective factors promote resilience against Main body present spanning three broad domains: social information processing, emotional accelerated biological aging. Changes in processing prioritize threat-related information—such heightened perceptual sensitivity to threat, misclassification negative neutral emotions anger, attention biases towards cues—have been consistently observed children who have experienced trauma. Patterns common exposed include reactivity stimuli, low awareness, difficulties learning emotion regulation. More recently, pattern aging across metrics, including pubertal development cellular aging, has found trauma-exposed children. Although these changes responding, pace reflect adaptations may safety other benefits raised dangerous environments, they emergence internalizing externalizing link Children higher levels support, particularly from caregivers, are less likely develop following exposure. Caregiver buffering be one mechanism explaining effect. Conclusion powerful factor development. serve linking These represent critical interventions aimed at preventing

Language: Английский

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Why and how does early adversity influence development? Toward an integrated model of dimensions of environmental experience

Development and Psychopathology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 34(2), P. 447 - 471

Published: March 14, 2022

Abstract Two extant frameworks – the harshness-unpredictability model and threat-deprivation attempt to explain which dimensions of adversity have distinct influences on development. These models address, respectively, why, based a history natural selection, development operates way it does across range environmental contexts, how neural mechanisms that underlie plasticity learning in response experiences influence brain Building these frameworks, we advance an integrated experience, focusing threat-based forms harshness, deprivation-based unpredictability. This makes clear why are inextricable and, together, essential understanding environment matter. Core integrative concepts include directedness learning, multiple levels developmental adaptation environment, tradeoffs between adaptive maladaptive responses adversity. The proposes proximal distal cues as well unpredictability those cues, calibrate both immediate rearing environments broader ecological current future. We highlight actionable directions for research needed investigate experience.

Language: Английский

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Adolescence as a pivotal period for emotion regulation development

Current Opinion in Psychology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 44, P. 258 - 263

Published: Oct. 12, 2021

Adolescence is a dynamic period for the development of emotion regulation. For many individuals, regulation skills improve dramatically during adolescence; however, some youth, adolescence marks beginning or worsening psychopathology characterized by difficulties with In present review, I describe evidence that caregiving experiences play an outsized role in shaping interindividual variability adolescence. After describing work demonstrating links between – emphasis on parental socialization practices and outcomes, characterize our current understanding how behavioral neurobiological indices develop normatively across Using cognitive reappraisal as exemplar strategy, outline ways might impact neurodevelopment. conclude identifying two key future directions adolescent research.

Language: Английский

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Emotional Dysregulation in Children and Adolescents With Psychiatric Disorders. A Narrative Review

Frontiers in Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Oct. 25, 2021

Background: Emotional dysregulation (ED) is a transdiagnostic construct defined as the inability to regulate intensity and quality of emotions (such as, fear, anger, sadness), in order generate an appropriate emotional response, handle excitability, mood instability, overreactivity, come down baseline. Because ED has not been clinical entity, because plays major role child adolescent psychopathology, we decided summarize current knowledge on this topic based narrative review literature. Methods: This literature search peer-reviewed journals. We searched databases ERIC, PsycARTICLES, PsycINFO PSYNDEX June 2, 2020 for peer reviewed articles published between 2000 English language preschool, school, age (2-17 years) using following terms: "emotional dysregulation" OR "affect dysregulation," retrieving 943 articles. Results: The results are presented sections: relationship psychiatric disorders (ADHD, Mood Disorders, Psychological Trauma, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Non-suicidal Self-Injury, Eating Oppositional Defiant Conduct Disruptive Dysregulation Personality Substance Use Developmental Autism Spectrum Psychosis Schizophrenia, Gaming Disorder), prevention, treatment ED. Conclusion: Basic conditions genetic disposition, experience trauma, especially sexual or physical abuse, neglect childhood adolescence, personal stress. complex comprehensive concept, aggravating number various mental disorders. Differential mandatory individual social functioning.

Language: Английский

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Childhood Maltreatment and Mental Health Problems: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Quasi-Experimental Studies

American Journal of Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 180(2), P. 117 - 126

Published: Jan. 11, 2023

Childhood maltreatment is associated with mental health problems, but the extent to which this relationship causal remains unclear. To strengthen inference, authors conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of quasi-experimental studies examining between childhood problems.

Language: Английский

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The effects of early life adversity on children’s mental health and cognitive functioning

Translational Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: June 10, 2022

Emerging evidence suggests that partially distinct mechanisms may underlie the association between different dimensions of early life adversity (ELA) and psychopathology in children adolescents. While there is minimal types ELA are associated with specific outcomes, unique cognitive socioemotional consequences increase transdiagnostic risk mental health problems across internalizing externalizing spectra. The current review provides an overview recent findings examining (e.g., language, executive function), attention bias, emotion regulation), correlates along threat/harshness, deprivation, unpredictability. We underscore similarities differences connecting to particular identify gaps future directions help clarify inconsistencies literature. This focuses on childhood adolescence, periods exquisite neurobiological change sensitivity environment. utility dimensional models better understanding mechanistic pathways towards expression discussed, supporting value such developmental sequelae ELA. Integration existing focused psychiatric classification biobehavioral advance our etiology, phenomenology, treatment difficulties youth.

Language: Английский

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Neurobiological Markers of Resilience to Depression Following Childhood Maltreatment: The Role of Neural Circuits Supporting the Cognitive Control of Emotion

Biological Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 86(6), P. 464 - 473

Published: May 10, 2019

Language: Английский

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Alterations in neural circuits underlying emotion regulation following child maltreatment: a mechanism underlying trauma-related psychopathology

Psychological Medicine, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 51(11), P. 1880 - 1889

Published: April 7, 2020

Abstract Background Disruptions in neural circuits underlying emotion regulation (ER) may be a mechanism linking child maltreatment with psychopathology. We examined the associations of responses during passive viewing negative emotional stimuli and attempts to modulate responses. investigated whether influence on activation ER differed across development alterations brain function mediated association between latent general psychopathology (‘ p ’) factor. Methods Youth aged 8–16 years ( n = 79) without 72) exposure completed an task assessing neutral images effortful regulate stimuli. P -factor scores were defined by bi-factor model encompassing internalizing externalizing Results Maltreated youth had greater left amygdala salience processing regions reduced multiple involved cognitive control (bilateral superior frontal gyrus, middle dorsal anterior cingulate cortex) when v. than exposure. Reduced recruitment whole-brain analysis. exhibited increasing age ventrolateral prefrontal cortex reappraisal while participants decreasing age. Findings similar after adjusting for co-occurring neglect. Conclusions Child influences associated ways that contribute

Language: Английский

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Measuring early life adversity: A dimensional approach

Development and Psychopathology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 34(2), P. 499 - 511

Published: March 22, 2022

Exposure to adversity in childhood is associated with elevations numerous physical and mental health outcomes across the life course. The biological embedding of early experience during periods developmental plasticity one pathway that contributes these associations. Dimensional models specify mechanistic pathways linking different dimensions well-being later life. While findings from existing studies testing have provided promising preliminary support for models, less agreement exists about how measure experiences comprise each dimension. Here, we review approaches measuring two adversity: threat deprivation. We recommend specific measures constructs and, when possible, document same can be used by reporters lifespan maximize utility which recommendations applied. Through this approach, hope stimulate progress understanding particular environmental contribute lifelong health.

Language: Английский

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Corporal Punishment and Elevated Neural Response to Threat in Children

Child Development, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 92(3), P. 821 - 832

Published: April 9, 2021

Spanking remains common around the world, despite evidence linking corporal punishment to detrimental child outcomes. This study tested whether children ( M age = 11.60) who were spanked N 40) exhibited altered neural function in response stimuli that suggest presence of an environmental threat compared not 107). Children greater activation multiple regions medial and lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC), including dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, dorsomedial PFC, bilateral frontal pole, left middle gyrus fearful relative neutral faces spanked. These findings spanking may alter responses threats a manner similar more severe forms maltreatment.

Language: Английский

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