Understanding risk and causal mechanisms for developing obesity in infants and young children: A National Institutes of Health workshop

Obesity Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(4)

Published: Jan. 11, 2024

Summary Obesity in children remains a major public health problem, with the current prevalence youth ages 2–19 years estimated to be 19.7%. Despite progress identifying risk factors, models do not accurately predict development of obesity early childhood. There is also substantial individual variability response given intervention that well understood. On April 29–30, 2021, National Institutes Health convened virtual workshop on “Understanding Risk and Causal Mechanisms for Developing Infants Young Children.” The brought together scientists from diverse disciplines discuss (1) what known regarding epidemiology underlying biological behavioral mechanisms rapid weight gain (2) new approaches can improve prediction novel insights into causes life. Participants identified gaps opportunities future research advance understanding It was emphasized studies will require multi‐disciplinary efforts across basic, behavioral, clinical sciences. An exposome framework needed elucidate how biological, environmental factors interact. Use statistical methods may provide greater causal mechanisms.

Language: Английский

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Analytical methodology for unveiling human exposure to (micro)plastic additives

TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 173, P. 117653 - 117653

Published: March 12, 2024

This review describes a wide variety of analytical approaches for the assessment human exposure to organic chemicals associated with plastic additives, focusing on works published in last decade plasticisers, bisphenols, flame retardants and antioxidants. Physiologically based extraction tests serve as preliminary in-vitro assays determine bioaccessibility these compounds from micro/nanoplastics body fluids gastrointestinal tract, skin, or lung. Whenever plastic-laden become bioavailable, metabolism is be monitored through phase I II metabolites. In this regard, methods chromatography mass spectrometry biomonitoring parent their metabolites biological samples (mostly urine plasma) are discussed depth. also covers role wastewater-based epidemiology determining overall given population plastic-related species.

Language: Английский

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Exploring Prenatal Exposure to Halogenated Compounds and Its Relationship with Birth Outcomes Using Nontarget Analysis

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 58(16), P. 6890 - 6899

Published: April 12, 2024

Halogenated organic compounds (HOCs) are a class of contaminants showing high toxicity, low biodegradability, and bioaccumulation potential, especially chlorinated brominated HOCs (Cl/Br-HOCs). Knowledge gaps exist on whether novel Cl/Br-HOCs could penetrate the placental barrier cause adverse birth outcomes. Herein, 326 cord blood samples were collected in hospital Jinan, Shandong Province from February 2017 to January 2022, 44 identified with communicating confidence level above 4 based nontarget approach, covering veterinary drugs, pesticides, their transformation products, pharmaceutical personal care disinfection byproducts, so on. To our knowledge, presence closantel, bromoxynil, 4-hydroxy-2,5,6-trichloroisophthalonitrile, 2,6-dibromo-4-nitrophenol, related components was reported for first time. Both multiple linear regression (MLR) Bayesian kernel machine (BKMR) models applied evaluate relationships newborn outcomes (birth weight, length, ponderal index) individual Cl/Br-HOC mixture exposure, respectively. A significantly negative association observed between pentachlorophenol exposure but significance vanished after false discovery rate correction. The BKMR analysis showed that associated reduced indicating higher risks fetal growth restriction. Our findings offer an overview exposome during early life stage enhance understanding its risks.

Language: Английский

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A large scale multi-laboratory suspect screening of pesticide metabolites in human biomonitoring: From tentative annotations to verified occurrences

Environment International, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 168, P. 107452 - 107452

Published: Aug. 5, 2022

Within the Human Biomonitoring for Europe initiative (HBM4EU), a study to determine new biomarkers of exposure pesticides and assess patterns was conducted. urine samples (N = 2,088) were collected from five European regions in two different seasons. The objective identify their metabolites with harmonized suspect screening approach based on liquid chromatography coupled high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) applied laboratories. A combined data processing workflow included comprehensive reduction, correction error retention time (RT) drifts, isotopic pattern analysis, adduct elemental composition annotation, finalized by mining compositions possible annotations pesticide metabolites. obtained tentative (n 498) used acquiring representative data-dependent tandem spectra (MS2) verified spectral comparison reference generated commercially available standards or produced through human liver S9 vitro incubation experiments. 14 parent 71 (including 16 glucuronide 11 sulfate conjugates) detected. Collectively these related 46 unique pesticides. For remaining either (i) no MS2 could be acquired, (ii) purity too low sufficient matching, (iii) RTs indicated wrong leaving potential more and/or being confirmed further studies. Thus, reported results are reflecting only part exposure.

Language: Английский

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Target Exposome for Characterizing Early Gestational Exposure to Contaminants of Emerging Concern and Association with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 57(36), P. 13408 - 13418

Published: Aug. 31, 2023

Characterization of gestational exposure to complex contaminants emerging concern (CECs) is critical the identification environmental risk factors for pregnancy complications. However, determination various CECs with diverse physicochemical properties in biological fluids technically challenging. In present study, we developed a target exposome protocol, consisting simple liquid-liquid extraction-based sample preparation and sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis, determine 325 covering 11 subclasses, including poly- perfluoroalkyl substances, organophosphate esters, ultraviolet (UV) stabilizers, synthetic antioxidants, phthalate several others. The protocol exhibits exceptional advantages over traditional approaches coverage chemicals, volume demand, time financial cost. was applied prospective nested diabetes mellitus (GDM) study 120 cases 240 matched healthy controls. Thirty-three were detected >70% samples, combined concentration 17.0-484.7 ng/mL. Bayesian kernel machine regression analysis showed that CEC mixture significantly associated higher GDM risk. For example, when increasing all from 50th percentile 75th percentile, estimated probit incidence had an increase 92% (95% CI: 56%, 127%). Meanwhile, perfluorohexanesulfonic acid, 1,3-diphenylguanidine, dibutyl fumarate identified as key driving joint effect. This work demonstrates great potential our factor large-scale epidemiology or biomonitoring studies.

Language: Английский

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Temporal trends and predictors of phthalate, phthalate replacement, and phenol biomarkers in the LIFECODES Fetal Growth Study

Environment International, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 174, P. 107898 - 107898

Published: March 24, 2023

Exposure to many phthalates and phenols is declining as replacements are introduced. There little information on temporal trends or predictors of exposure these newer compounds, such phthalate replacements, especially among pregnant populations. Examine phthalates, using single- multi-pollutant approaches. We analyzed data from 900 singleton pregnancies in the LIFECODES Fetal Growth Study, a nested case-cohort with recruitment 2007 2018. measured averaged concentrations 12 metabolites, four replacement urine at three timepoints during pregnancy. visualized biomarker concentrations. To examine chemical mixtures, we derived clusters individuals shared profiles finite mixture model examined cluster assignment. most declined across study period, while (i.e., di(isononyl) cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid, diisononyl ester [DINCH] di-2-ethylhexyl terephthalate [DEHTP]) bisphenol S (BPS) increased. For example, sum DEHTP biomarkers increased multiple orders magnitude, an average concentration 0.92 ng/mL 2008 61.9 2017–2018. Biomarkers exposures varied sociodemographic characteristics, highest observed non-Hispanic Black Hispanic participants relative White participants. identified five membership. end characterized by high was prevalent. In large well-characterized pregnancy cohort, BPS over time other decreased. Our results highlight changing nature consumer product mixtures.

Language: Английский

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Prenatal exposure to persistent and non-persistent chemical mixtures and associations with adverse birth outcomes in the Atlanta African American Maternal-Child Cohort

Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 34(4), P. 570 - 580

Published: Feb. 25, 2023

Language: Английский

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Early pregnancy phthalates and replacements in relation to fetal growth: The human placenta and phthalates study

Environmental Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 229, P. 115975 - 115975

Published: April 23, 2023

Language: Английский

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Temporal trends and predictors of gestational exposure to organophosphate ester flame retardants and plasticizers

Environment International, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 180, P. 108194 - 108194

Published: Sept. 7, 2023

Organophosphate esters (OPEs), used as flame retardants and plasticizers, are chemicals of concern for maternal infant health. Prior studies examining temporal trends predictors OPE exposure primarily limited by small sample sizes.

Language: Английский

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Prenatal exposures to organophosphate ester metabolite mixtures and children’s neurobehavioral outcomes in the MADRES pregnancy cohort

Environmental Health, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: Sept. 22, 2023

Evidence suggests organophosphate esters (OPEs) are neurotoxic; however, the epidemiological literature remains scarce. We investigated whether prenatal exposures to OPEs were associated with child neurobehavior in MADRES cohort.We measured nine OPE metabolites 204 maternal urine samples (gestational age at collection: 31.4 ± 1.8 weeks). Neurobehavior problems assessed among 36-month-old children using Child Behavior Checklist's (CBCL) three composite scales [internalizing, externalizing, and total problems]. examined associations between tertiles of (> 50% detection) detect/non-detect categories (< CBCL linear regression generalized additive models. also mixtures for widely detected (n = 5) Bayesian kernel machine regression.Maternal participants detectable versus non-detectable levels bis(2-methylphenyl) phosphate (BMPP) had 42% (95% CI: 4%, 96%) higher 45% (-2%, 114%) internalizing, 35% (3%, 78%) problems. Participants second first tertile bis(butoxethyl) (BBOEP) 43% (-1%, 109%) externalizing scores. Bis(1-chloro-2-propyl) (BCIPP) sex a statistically significant interaction internalizing (p 0.02) 0.03) models, 120% (23%, 295%) 57% (6%, 134%) scores third BCIPP males. Among females, vs BMPP 69% (5%, 170%) while BBOEP was lower (-68%, -6%). Although metabolite mixture each outcome null associations, we observed marginal di-n-butyl di-isobutyl (DNBP + DIBP) (0.15; 95% CrI: -0.02, 0.32), holding other their median.Our results generally suggest adverse sex-specific effects exposure previously understudied on neurobehavioral outcomes 36-month children, providing evidence potential neurotoxicity.

Language: Английский

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