Current Strategies for Exosome Cargo Loading and Targeting Delivery

Cells, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(10), P. 1416 - 1416

Published: May 17, 2023

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) such as ectosomes and exosomes have gained attention promising natural carriers for drug delivery. Exosomes, which range from 30 to 100 nm in diameter, possess a lipid bilayer are secreted by various cells. Due their high biocompatibility, stability, low immunogenicity, favored cargo carriers. The membrane of also offers protection against degradation, making them desirable candidate However, loading into remains be challenge. Despite strategies incubation, electroporation, sonication, extrusion, freeze–thaw cycling, transfection that been developed facilitate loading, inadequate efficiency still persists. This review an overview current delivery using summarizes recent approaches small-molecule, nucleic acid, protein drugs exosomes. With insights these studies, we provide ideas more efficient effective molecules

Language: Английский

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Recent advances in extracellular vesicles for therapeutic cargo delivery

Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 56(4), P. 836 - 849

Published: April 1, 2024

Abstract Exosomes, which are nanosized vesicles secreted by cells, attracting increasing interest in the field of biomedical research due to their unique properties, including biocompatibility, cargo loading capacity, and deep tissue penetration. They serve as natural signaling agents intercellular communication, inherent ability carry proteins, lipids, nucleic acids endows them with remarkable therapeutic potential. Thus, exosomes can be exploited for diverse applications, chemotherapy, gene therapy, photothermal therapy. Moreover, capacity homotypic targeting self-recognition provides opportunities personalized medicine. Despite advantages novel agents, there several challenges optimizing efficiency structural stability defining exosome origins. Future should include development large-scale, quality-controllable production methods, refinement drug strategies, extensive vivo studies clinical trials. unresolved difficulties, use efficient, stable, safe delivery systems is an interesting area research. Therefore, this review describes summarizes cutting-edge published high-impact journals that have introduced or enhanced effects using a system past 2 years. We provide informative overview current state research, highlighting properties applications exosomes. also emphasize future directions, underscoring importance addressing key issues field. With review, we encourage researchers further develop exosome-based drugs application, such may among most promising next-generation therapeutics.

Language: Английский

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Engineering exosome-based biomimetic nanovehicles for wound healing

Journal of Controlled Release, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 356, P. 463 - 480

Published: March 15, 2023

Complexity and difficulties in wound management are pressing concerns that affect patients' quality of life may result tissue infection, necrosis, loss local systemic functions. Hence, novel approaches to accelerate healing being actively explored over the last decade. Exosomes as important mediators intercellular communications promising natural nanocarriers due their biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, drug loading targeting capacities, innate stability. More importantly, exosomes developed a versatile pharmaceutical engineering platform for repair. This review provides an overview biological physiological functions derived from variety origins during phases, strategies exosomal engineering, therapeutic applications skin regeneration.

Language: Английский

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Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives of Exosomes as Nanocarriers in Diagnosis and Treatment of Diseases

International Journal of Nanomedicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: Volume 18, P. 4751 - 4778

Published: Aug. 1, 2023

Abstract: Exosomes, as natural nanocarriers, characterized with low immunogenicity, non-cytotoxicity and targeted delivery capability, which have advantages over synthetic nanocarriers. Recently, exosomes shown great potential diagnostic markers for diseases are also considered a promising cell-free therapy. Engineered significantly enhanced the efficacy precision of delivering therapeutic agents, currently being extensively employed in investigations various ailments, including oncology, inflammatory disorders, degenerative conditions. Particularly, engineered enable agent loading, modification, evasion MPS phagocytosis, intelligent control, bioimaging, been developed multifunctional nano-delivery platforms recent years. The utilization bioactive scaffolds that loaded exosome has to substantially augment retention, extend release, enhance efficacy. This approach advanced from conventional hydrogels nanocomposite hydrogels, nanofiber 3D printing, resulting superior physical biological properties effectively address limitations scaffolds. Additionally, plant-derived exosomes, can participate gut flora remodeling via oral administration, an ideal platform treatment intestinal diseases. Consequently, there is interest nanocarriers applications. comprehensive review provides overview biogenesis, composition, isolation methods exosomes. it examines pathological mechanisms diseases, tumors, Furthermore, this highlights significance microbial-derived Strategies specific applications scaffold-loaded further summarized, especially some new techniques such large-scale loading technique, macromolecular development nano-scaffold-loaded delivery. benefits using gut-related discussed. challenges, opportunities, prospects exosome-based disease diagnosis summarized both preclinical clinical viewpoints. Keywords: diagnosis,

Language: Английский

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Advances in peptide-based drug delivery systems

Heliyon, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(4), P. e26009 - e26009

Published: Feb. 1, 2024

Drug-delivery systems (DDSs) are designed to deliver drugs their specific targets minimize toxic effects and improve susceptibility clearance during targeted transport. Peptides have high affinity, low immunogenicity, simple amino acid composition, adjustable molecular size; therefore, most peptides can be coupled via linkers form peptide-drug conjugates (PDCs) act as active pro-drugs. PDCs widely thought promising DDSs, given ability drug bio-compatibility physiological stability. Peptide-based DDSs often used therapeutic substances such anti-cancer nucleic acid-based drugs, which not only slow the degradation rate of in vivo but also ensure concentration at site prolong half-life vivo.This article provides an profile advancements future development functional peptide-based delivery both domestically internationally recent years, expectation achieving incorporating taking full advantage synergistic effects.

Language: Английский

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Mesenchymal stem cells derived exosomes: a new era in cardiac regeneration

Stem Cell Research & Therapy, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: Jan. 23, 2025

Language: Английский

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Enhanced lysosomal escape of cell penetrating peptide-functionalized metal–organic frameworks for co-delivery of survivin siRNA and oridonin

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 646, P. 370 - 380

Published: April 28, 2023

In recent years, small interfering RNA (siRNA) has been widely used in the treatment of human diseases, especially tumors, and shown great appeal. However, clinical application siRNA faces several challenges. Insufficient efficacy, poor bioavailability, stability, lack responsiveness to a single therapy are main problems affecting tumor therapy. Here, we designed cell-penetrating peptide (CPP)-modified metal organic framework nanoplatform (named PEG-CPP33@ORI@survivin siRNA@ZIF-90, PEG-CPP33@NPs) for targeted co-delivery oridonin (ORI), natural anti-tumor active ingredient) survivin vivo. This can improve stability bioavailability efficacy monotherapy. The high drug-loading capacity pH-sensitive properties zeolite imidazolides endowed PEG-CPP33@NPs with lysosomal escape abilities. Polyethylene glycol (PEG)-conjugated CPP (PEG-CPP33) coating significantly improved uptake vitro results showed that ORI greatly enhanced effect PEG-CPP33@NPs, demonstrating synergistic between siRNA. summary, novel nanobiological platform loaded presented herein advantages cancer therapy, provides an attractive strategy chemotherapy gene

Language: Английский

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Polysaccharide hydrogel platforms as suitable carriers of liposomes and extracellular vesicles for dermal applications

Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 200, P. 115028 - 115028

Published: July 28, 2023

Lipid-based nanocarriers have been extensively investigated for their application in drug delivery. Particularly, liposomes are now clinically established treating various diseases such as fungal infections. In contrast, extracellular vesicles (EVs) - small cell-derived nanoparticles involved cellular communication just recently sparked interest carriers but development is still at the preclinical level. To drive this further, methods and technologies exploited context of liposome research should be applied domain EVs to facilitate accelerate clinical translation. One crucial steps EV-based therapeutics designing them proper dosage forms specific applications. This review offers a comprehensive overview state-of-the-art polysaccharide-based hydrogel platforms designed artificial natural with delivery skin. We discuss physicochemical biological properties try create sound basis optimization EV-embedded hydrogels versatile therapeutic avenues.

Language: Английский

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Small extracellular vesicles: Yields, functionalization and applications in diabetic wound management

Deleted Journal, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 1(4)

Published: Oct. 1, 2023

Abstract Diabetic wounds have imposed a significant burden on both patients and society with prolonged healing processes hindered by dysfunctional skin repair cells. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), as the important media for intercellular communications, show promising therapeutic potential in treating diabetic restoring cellular functions. However, low yields limited bio‐function of sEVs greatly challenge their large‐scale clinical use. Here, we briefly overview biogenesis uptake sEVs, emphasize current advances improving optimizing function engineering approaches, summarize applications engineered wound treatment. Furthermore, undissolved issues during transformation are also discussed. This critical review aims to provide meaningful guidance future management wounds.

Language: Английский

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Engineered and Mimicked Extracellular Nanovesicles for Therapeutic Delivery

Nanomaterials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(7), P. 639 - 639

Published: April 6, 2024

Exosomes are spherical extracellular nanovesicles with an endosomal origin and unilamellar lipid-bilayer structure sizes ranging from 30 to 100 nm. They contain a large range of proteins, lipids, nucleic acid species, depending on the state vesicle (EV)-secreting cell. EVs’ function is encapsulate part EV-producing cell content, transport it through biological fluids targeted recipient, deliver their cargos specifically within aimed recipient cells. Therefore, exosomes considered be potential drug-delivery systems that can stably cargo into Various cell-derived produced for medical issues, but use therapeutic purposes still faces several problems. Some these difficulties avoided by resorting hemisynthetic approaches. We highlight here uses alternative exosome-mimes involving cell-membrane coatings artificial nanocarriers or hybridization between liposomes. also detail drug-loading strategies deployed make them drug-carrier summarize ongoing clinical trials exosome-like structures. Finally, we open questions before considering disposals confident delivery.

Language: Английский

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