Non-lethal Inhibition of Gut Microbial Trimethylamine Production for the Treatment of Atherosclerosis

Cell, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 163(7), P. 1585 - 1595

Published: Dec. 1, 2015

Language: Английский

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Colonic bacterial composition in Parkinson's disease

Movement Disorders, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 30(10), P. 1351 - 1360

Published: July 16, 2015

Abstract Introduction We showed that Parkinson's disease (PD) patients have alpha‐synuclein (α‐Syn) aggregation in their colon with evidence of colonic inflammation. If PD altered microbiota, dysbiosis might be the mechanism neuroinflammation leads to α‐Syn misfolding and pathology. Methods Sixty‐six sigmoid mucosal biopsies 65 fecal samples were collected from 38 34 healthy controls. Mucosal‐associated feces microbiota compositions characterized using high‐throughput ribosomal RNA gene amplicon sequencing. Data correlated clinical measures PD, a predictive assessment microbial community functional potential was used identify functions. Results The significantly different than control subjects, showing more marked differences mucosa. At taxonomic level genus, putative, “anti‐inflammatory” butyrate‐producing bacteria genera Blautia , Coprococcus Roseburia abundant controls patients. Bacteria genus Faecalibacterium mucosa PD. Putative, “proinflammatory” Proteobacteria Ralstonia Predictive metagenomics indicated large number genes involved metabolism lower microbiome, whereas lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis type III bacterial secretion systems higher Conclusion This report provides proinflammatory is present could trigger inflammation‐induced development © 2015 International Parkinson Movement Disorder Society

Language: Английский

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The oral microbiome – an update for oral healthcare professionals

BDJ, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 221(10), P. 657 - 666

Published: Nov. 1, 2016

For millions of years, our resident microbes have coevolved and coexisted with us in a mostly harmonious symbiotic relationship. We are not distinct entities from microbiome, but together we form 'superorganism' or holobiont, the microbiome playing significant role physiology health. The mouth houses second most diverse microbial community body, harbouring over 700 species bacteria that colonise hard surfaces teeth soft tissues oral mucosa. Through recent advances technology, started to unravel complexities gained new insights into its during both health disease. Perturbations through modern-day lifestyles can detrimental consequences for general In dysbiosis, finely-tuned equilibrium ecosystem is disrupted, allowing disease-promoting manifest cause conditions such as caries, gingivitis periodontitis. practitioners patients alike, promoting balanced therefore important effectively maintain restore This article aims give an update on current knowledge disease discuss implications healthcare.

Language: Английский

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Human health risk assessment of antibiotic resistance associated with antibiotic residues in the environment: A review

Environmental Research, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 169, P. 483 - 493

Published: Nov. 26, 2018

The extensive use of antibiotics leading to the rapid spread antibiotic resistance poses high health risks humans, but date there is still lack a quantitative model properly assess risks. Concerns over risk residues in environment are mainly (1) potential hazard ingested altering human microbiome and promoting emergence selection for bacteria inhabiting body, (2) creating pressure on environmental reservoirs environment. We provide holistic view assessment associated with contrast that resistant discuss main knowledge gaps future research should be prioritized achieve assessment. examined summarized available data information four core elements environment: identification, exposure assessment, dose-response characterization. required characterize severely limited. needs have been identified enable better assessments establishment standardized monitoring guide environment, derivation relationship between levels pathogenic antibiotic-resistance development different settings, (3) various infection diseases. After identification key determinant parameters, we propose conceptual framework A was provided.

Language: Английский

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Bacterial quorum sensing in complex and dynamically changing environments

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 17(6), P. 371 - 382

Published: April 3, 2019

Language: Английский

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Microbiota and neurodevelopmental windows: implications for brain disorders

Trends in Molecular Medicine, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 20(9), P. 509 - 518

Published: June 20, 2014

Language: Английский

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Defining dysbiosis and its influence on host immunity and disease

Cellular Microbiology, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 16(7), P. 1024 - 1033

Published: May 5, 2014

Mammalian immune system development depends on instruction from resident commensal microorganisms. Diseases associated with abnormal responses towards environmental and self antigens have been rapidly increasing over the last 50 years. These diseases include inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), multiple sclerosis (MS), type I diabetes (T1D), allergies asthma. The observation that people mediated house a different microbial community when compared to healthy individuals suggests pathogenesis arises improper training of by microbiota. However, hundreds microorganisms our bodies it is hard know which these contribute health more importantly how? Microbiologists studying pathogenic organisms long adhered Koch's postulates directly relate certain specific microbe, raising question whether this might be true commensal–host relationships as well. Emerging evidence supports rather than one or two dominant inducing host health, composition entire residents influences balanced response. Thus, perturbations structure complex communities (referred dysbiosis) can lead deficient education subsequent diseases. Here we will overview literature describes causes dysbiosis mechanisms evolved prevent changes structure. Building off studies, categorize types define how collections influence This research has broad implications for future therapies go beyond introduction single organism induce health. We propose identifying re-establish microbiota after occurred, process refer rebiosis, fundamental treating

Language: Английский

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Natural history of the infant gut microbiome and impact of antibiotic treatment on bacterial strain diversity and stability

Science Translational Medicine, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 8(343)

Published: June 15, 2016

The gut microbial community is dynamic during the first 3 years of life, before stabilizing to an adult-like state. However, little known about impact environmental factors on developing human microbiome. We report a longitudinal study microbiome based DNA sequence analysis monthly stool samples and clinical information from 39 children, half whom received multiple courses antibiotics life. Whereas most children born by vaginal delivery was dominated Bacteroides species, four cesarean section 20% vaginally lacked in 6 18 months Longitudinal sampling, coupled with whole-genome shotgun sequencing, allowed detection strain-level variation as well abundance antibiotic resistance genes. microbiota antibiotic-treated less diverse terms both bacterial species strains, some often single strains. In addition, we observed short-term composition changes between consecutive treated antibiotics. Antibiotic genes carried chromosomes showed peak after treatment followed sharp decline, whereas mobile elements persisted longer therapy ended. Our results highlight value high-density sampling studies high-resolution strain profiling for studying establishment response perturbation infant

Language: Английский

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Human Gut Microbiota from Autism Spectrum Disorder Promote Behavioral Symptoms in Mice

Cell, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 177(6), P. 1600 - 1618.e17

Published: May 1, 2019

Language: Английский

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Stool consistency is strongly associated with gut microbiota richness and composition, enterotypes and bacterial growth rates

Gut, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 65(1), P. 57 - 62

Published: June 11, 2015

Objective

The assessment of potentially confounding factors affecting colon microbiota composition is essential to the identification robust microbiome based disease markers. Here, we investigate link between gut variation and stool consistency using Bristol Stool Scale classification, which reflects faecal water content activity, considered a proxy for intestinal transit time.

Design

Through 16S rDNA Illumina profiling samples 53 healthy women, evaluated associations richness, Bacteroidetes:Firmicutes ratio, enterotypes, genus abundance with self-reported, Scale-based consistency. Each sample's growth potential was calculated test whether time acts as selective force on bacterial rates.

Results

strongly correlates all known major It negatively correlated species positively associated linked Akkermansia Methanobrevibacter abundance. Enterotypes are distinctly distributed over BSS-scores. Based correlations scores within both hypothesise that accelerated contributes ecosystem differentiation. While shorter times can be increased fast growing in Ruminococcaceae-Bacteroides samples, hinting washout avoidance strategy faster replication, this trend absent Prevotella-enterotyped individuals. Within enterotype adherence host tissue therefore appears more likely cope washout.

Conclusions

strength enterotypes community emphasises crucial importance metagenome-wide association studies.

Language: Английский

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