Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
9(1)
Published: Feb. 20, 2018
The
preBötzinger
Complex
(preBötC),
a
medullary
network
critical
for
breathing,
relies
on
excitatory
interneurons
to
generate
the
inspiratory
rhythm.
Yet,
half
of
preBötC
neurons
are
inhibitory,
and
role
inhibition
in
rhythmogenesis
remains
controversial.
Using
optogenetics
electrophysiology
vitro
vivo,
we
demonstrate
that
intrinsic
excitability
is
reduced
following
large
depolarizing
bursts.
This
refractory
period
limits
very
slow
breathing
frequencies.
Inhibition
integrated
within
required
prevent
overexcitation
neurons,
thereby
regulating
allowing
rapid
breathing.
In
sensory
feedback
also
regulates
period,
slowly
mice
with
removed,
activity
but
not
excitatory,
restores
physiological
We
conclude
excitation
interdependent
rhythm,
because
permits
bursting
by
controlling
properties
neurons.
Physiological Reviews,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
100(1), P. 271 - 320
Published: Sept. 12, 2019
The
vertebrate
control
of
locomotion
involves
all
levels
the
nervous
system
from
cortex
to
spinal
cord.
Here,
we
aim
cover
main
aspects
this
complex
behavior,
operation
microcircuits
in
cord
systems
and
behavioral
extend
mammalian
basic
undulatory
movements
lamprey
fish.
cellular
basis
propulsion
represents
core
system,
it
central
pattern
generator
networks
(CPGs)
controlling
timing
different
muscles,
sensory
compensation
for
perturbations,
brain
stem
command
level
activity
CPGs
speed
locomotion.
forebrain
particular
basal
ganglia
are
involved
determining
which
motor
programs
should
be
recruited
at
a
given
point
time
can
both
initiate
stop
locomotor
activity.
propulsive
needs
integrated
with
postural
maintain
body
orientation.
Moreover,
need
steered
so
that
subject
approaches
goal
episode,
or
avoids
colliding
elements
environment
simply
escapes
high
speed.
These
will
covered
review.
Development,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
146(12)
Published: March 7, 2019
The
coordinated
spatial
and
temporal
regulation
of
gene
expression
in
the
vertebrate
neural
tube
determines
identity
progenitors
function
physiology
neurons
they
generate.
Progress
has
been
made
deciphering
regulatory
programmes
that
are
responsible
for
this
process;
however,
complexity
tissue
hampered
systematic
analysis
network
underlying
mechanisms.
To
address
this,
we
used
single
cell
mRNA
sequencing
to
profile
cervical
thoracic
regions
developing
mouse
between
embryonic
days
9.5-13.5.
We
confirmed
data
accurately
recapitulates
development,
allowing
us
identify
new
markers
specific
progenitor
neuronal
populations.
In
addition,
highlighted
a
previously
underappreciated
component
mechanisms
generate
diversity,
revealed
common
features
sequence
transcriptional
events
lead
differentiation
subtypes.
Together,
offer
insight
into
specification
provide
compendium
classifying
spinal
cord
types
will
support
future
studies
disease.
