Physiology of Astroglia

Physiological Reviews, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 98(1), P. 239 - 389

Published: Dec. 24, 2017

Astrocytes are neural cells of ectodermal, neuroepithelial origin that provide for homeostasis and defense the central nervous system (CNS). highly heterogeneous in morphological appearance; they express a multitude receptors, channels, membrane transporters. This complement underlies their remarkable adaptive plasticity defines functional maintenance CNS development aging. tightly integrated into networks act within context tissue; astrocytes control at all levels organization from molecular to whole organ.

Language: Английский

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Astrocyte calcium signaling: the third wave

Nature Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 19(2), P. 182 - 189

Published: Jan. 27, 2016

Language: Английский

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Astrocyte function from information processing to cognition and cognitive impairment

Nature Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 22(2), P. 154 - 166

Published: Jan. 21, 2019

Language: Английский

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The Emerging Nature of Astrocyte Diversity

Annual Review of Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 42(1), P. 187 - 207

Published: July 8, 2019

Astrocytes are morphologically complex, ubiquitous cells that viewed as a homogeneous population tiling the entire central nervous system (CNS). However, this view has been challenged in last few years with availability of RNA sequencing, immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, morphological reconstruction, and imaging data. These studies suggest astrocytes represent diverse they display brain area– disease–specific properties functions. In review, we summarize these observations, emphasize areas where clear conclusions can be made, discuss potential unifying themes. We also identify knowledge gaps need to addressed order exploit astrocyte diversity biological phenomenon physiological relevance CNS. thus provide summary perspective on vertebrate

Language: Английский

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Astrocytes Control Circadian Timekeeping in the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus via Glutamatergic Signaling

Neuron, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 93(6), P. 1420 - 1435.e5

Published: March 1, 2017

The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus orchestrates daily rhythms physiology and behavior in mammals. Its circadian (∼24 hr) oscillations gene expression electrical activity are generated intrinsically can persist indefinitely temporal isolation. This robust resilient timekeeping is generally regarded as a product intrinsic connectivity its neurons. Here we show that neurons constitute only one "half" SCN clock, metabolically active during daytime. In contrast, astrocytes nighttime, when they suppress by regulating extracellular glutamate levels. glutamatergic gliotransmission sensed dorsal via specific pre-synaptic NMDA receptor assemblies containing NR2C subunits. Remarkably, somatic genetic re-programming intracellular clocks was capable remodeling behavioral adult mice. Thus, circuit-level arises from interdependent mutually supportive astrocytic-neuronal signaling.

Language: Английский

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Function and therapeutic value of astrocytes in neurological diseases

Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 21(5), P. 339 - 358

Published: Feb. 16, 2022

Language: Английский

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An Efficient Platform for Astrocyte Differentiation from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem Cell Reports, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 9(2), P. 600 - 614

Published: July 27, 2017

Language: Английский

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Human astrocytes: structure and functions in the healthy brain

Brain Structure and Function, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 222(5), P. 2017 - 2029

Published: March 9, 2017

Data collected on astrocytes' physiology in the rodent have placed them as key regulators of synaptic, neuronal, network, and cognitive functions. While these findings proved highly valuable for our awareness appreciation non-neuronal cell significance brain physiology, early structural phylogenic investigations human astrocytes hinted at potentially different astrocytic properties. This idea sparked interest to replicate rodent-based studies samples, which revealed an analogous but enhanced involvement neuronal function brain. Such evidence pointed a central role sustaining more complex information processing. Here, we review current state knowledge regarding their structure, gene profile, functions, highlighting differences with astrocytes. recent insight is essential assessment relevance using animal models comprehending functional species-specific properties Moreover, since dysfunctional been described many disorders, thorough understanding human-specific crucial better-adapted translational applications.

Language: Английский

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Reducing Astrocyte Calcium Signaling In Vivo Alters Striatal Microcircuits and Causes Repetitive Behavior

Neuron, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 99(6), P. 1170 - 1187.e9

Published: Aug. 30, 2018

Language: Английский

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Gliotransmission: Beyond Black-and-White

Journal of Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 38(1), P. 14 - 25

Published: Jan. 3, 2018

Astrocytes are highly complex cells with many emerging putative roles in brain function. Of these, gliotransmission (active information transfer from glia to neurons) has probably the widest implications on our understanding of how works: do astrocytes really contribute processing within neural circuitry? “Positive evidence” for this stems work multiple laboratories reporting examples modulatory chemical signaling neurons timeframe hundreds milliseconds several minutes. This involves, but is not limited to, Ca 2+ -dependent vesicular transmitter release, and results a variety regulatory effects at synapses circuits that abolished by preventing elevations or blocking exocytosis selectively astrocytes. In striking contradiction, methodologically advanced studies few produced “negative evidence,” triggering heated debate actual existence properties gliotransmission. context, skeptics' camp arose, eager dismiss whole positive evidence based number assumptions behind negative data, such as following: (1) deleting single release pathway (IP3R2) removes all sources gliotransmission; (2) stimulating transgenically expressed Gq-GPCR (MrgA1) mimics physiological underlying gliotransmitter release; (3) age-dependent downregulation an endogenous GPCR (mGluR5) questions adulthood; (4) failure transcriptome analysis detect vGluts canonical synaptic SNAREs proves inexistence/functional irrelevance release. We here discuss above likely wrong oversimplistic. light most recent literature, we argue more phenomenon than originally thought, possibly consisting forms processes, whose correct study require sophisticated tools finer scientific experiments done until today. Under perspective, opposing camps can be reconciled field moved forward. Along path, cautious mindset attitude open discussion mutual respect between opponent will good companions. Dual Perspectives Companion Paper: Multiple Lines Evidence Indicate That Gliotransmission Does Not Occur under Physiological Conditions, Todd A. Fiacco Ken D. McCarthy

Language: Английский

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