Antifungal drug-resistance mechanisms in Candida biofilms

Current Opinion in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 71, P. 102237 - 102237

Published: Nov. 25, 2022

Infections caused by the Candida species of human fungal pathogens are a significant medical problem because they can disseminate to nearly every organ body. In addition, there only few classes antifungal drugs available treat patients with invasive infections. infections that associated biofilms withstand much higher concentrations compared planktonic cells, thus making biofilm particularly challenging treat. albicans is among most prevalent microbiota, asymptomatically colonizing several niches body, including gastrointestinal tract, genitourinary mouth, and skin. Immunocompromised health conditions, dysbiosis or environmental changes, however, lead C. overgrowth, causing range from superficial mucosal severe hematogenously disseminated Here, we review current knowledge drug-resistance mechanisms occurring in biofilms.

Language: Английский

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A genome-informed higher rank classification of the biotechnologically important fungal subphylum Saccharomycotina

Studies in Mycology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 105(1), P. 1 - 22

Published: May 26, 2023

Language: Английский

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Clinical Manifestations of Human Exposure to Fungi

Journal of Fungi, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(3), P. 381 - 381

Published: March 21, 2023

Biological particles, along with inorganic gaseous and particulate pollutants, constitute an ever-present component of the atmosphere surfaces. Among these particles are fungal species colonizing almost all ecosystems, including human body. Although inoffensive to most people, fungi can be responsible for several health problems, such as allergic diseases infections. Worldwide disease incidence is increasing, new emerging appearing yearly. Reasons this increase expansion life expectancy, number immunocompromised patients (immunosuppressive treatments transplantation, autoimmune diseases, immunodeficiency diseases), uncontrolled underlying conditions (e.g., diabetes mellitus), misusage medication corticosteroids broad-spectrum antibiotics). Managing challenging; only four classes antifungal drugs available, resistance no vaccines have been approved. The present work reviews implications in from (i.e., bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, severe asthma sensitization, thunderstorm asthma, rhinosinusitis, occupational lung diseases) infections superficial, subcutaneous, systemic infections). Topics etiological agent, risk factors, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment will revised improve knowledge growing concern.

Language: Английский

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The pathobiology of human fungal infections

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(11), P. 687 - 704

Published: June 25, 2024

Language: Английский

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Harnessing Non-Antibiotic Strategies to Counter Multidrug-Resistant Clinical Pathogens with Special Reference to Antimicrobial Peptides and Their Coatings

Antibiotics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(1), P. 57 - 57

Published: Jan. 9, 2025

Antimicrobial resistance is a critical global challenge in the 21st century, validating Sir Alexander Fleming's warning about misuse of antibiotics leading to resistant microbes. With dwindling arsenal effective antibiotics, it imperative concentrate on alternative antimicrobial strategies. Previous studies have not comprehensively discussed advantages and limitations various strategies, including bacteriophage therapy, probiotics, immunotherapies, photodynamic essential oils, nanoparticles peptides (AMPs) within single review. This review addresses that gap by providing an overview these non-antibiotic highlighting their pros cons, with particular emphasis (AMPs). We explore mechanism action AMPs against bacteria, viruses, fungi parasites. While hold significant promise, application mainstream drug development hindered challenges such as low bioavailability potential toxicity. However, advancements peptide engineering chemical modifications offer solutions enhance clinical utility. Additionally, this presents updates strategies aimed at improving cost, stability selective toxicity through peptidomimetics. These molecules demonstrated activity broad range pathogens, making them valuable candidates for integration into surface coatings prevent device-associated infections. Furthermore, we discuss approaches attaching functionalising surfaces. Finally, recommend comprehensive vivo evaluate efficacy mimetics, investigate synergistic combinations other assess medical devices.

Language: Английский

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Time to Conquer Fungal Infectious Diseases: Employing Nanoparticles as Powerful and Versatile Antifungal Nanosystems against a Wide Variety of Fungal Species

Sustainability, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(19), P. 12942 - 12942

Published: Oct. 10, 2022

The development of novel antifungal agents and, in particular, the widespread use these medications over course past two decades, has had a significant impact on treatment fungal infectious diseases. This resulted complete transformation However, antibiotic resistance masked significance such breakthroughs. Antifungal infection with nanoparticles been shown to be effective. As result their unique characteristics, substances, contrast antibiotics purest form, are able exhibit an increased anti-proliferative capacity while requiring lower concentration than traditional drugs do order achieve same effect. Decreased drug effectiveness, minimal tissue penetration throughout tissue, restricted penetration, decreased bioavailability, poor pharmacokinetics, and low water solubility some major factors contributing employment medicines delivery systems. Because this, one primary goals incorporating into varying sorts is reduce negative effects drugs’ inherent qualities. article provides overview many types nanoparticles, as metal, metal oxide, non-metal oxide carbon-based nanostructured lipid carriers, polymeric solid nanofibers, peptides, composites, ZnO quantum dots, that can used systems, well benefits nanomaterials have purified medications.

Language: Английский

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Connecting the multiple dimensions of global soil fungal diversity

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(48)

Published: Nov. 29, 2023

How the multiple facets of soil fungal diversity vary worldwide remains virtually unknown, hindering management this essential species-rich group. By sequencing high-resolution DNA markers in over 4000 topsoil samples from natural and human-altered ecosystems across all continents, we illustrate distributions drivers different levels taxonomic phylogenetic fungi their ecological groups. We show impact precipitation temperature interactions on local species richness (alpha diversity) climates. Our findings reveal how drives compositional turnover (beta diversity, linking them with regional (gamma diversity). integrate into principles global biodiversity distribution present detailed maps for conservation modeling processes.

Language: Английский

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Synergistic Effect of Plant Compounds in Combination with Conventional Antimicrobials against Biofilm of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida spp.

Pharmaceuticals, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16(11), P. 1531 - 1531

Published: Oct. 30, 2023

Bacterial and fungal biofilm has increased antibiotic resistance plays an essential role in many persistent diseases. Biofilm-associated chronic infections are difficult to treat reduce the efficacy of medical devices. This global problem prompted extensive research find alternative strategies fight microbial infections. Plant bioactive metabolites with antibiofilm activity known be potential resources alleviate this problem. The phytochemical screening some medicinal plants showed different active groups, such as stilbenes, tannins, alkaloids, terpenes, polyphenolics, flavonoids, lignans, quinones, coumarins. Synergistic effects can observed interaction between plant compounds conventional drugs. review analyses summarises current knowledge on synergistic combination antimicrobials against biofilms Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans. synergism modify inhibit mechanisms acquired resistance, undesirable effects, obtain appropriate therapeutic effect at lower doses. A deeper these combinations their possible targets is needed develop next-generation novel and/or improve drug-resistant attributed biofilm.

Language: Английский

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Fungal effectors: past, present, and future

Current Opinion in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 81, P. 102526 - 102526

Published: Aug. 24, 2024

Fungal effector proteins function at the interfaces of diverse interactions between fungi and their plant animal hosts, facilitating that are pathogenic or mutualistic. Recent advancements in protein structure prediction have significantly accelerated identification functional predictions these rapidly evolving proteins. This development enables scientists to generate testable hypotheses for validation using experimental approaches. Research frontiers biology include understanding pathways through which secreted translocated into host cells, roles manipulating microbiomes, contribution interacting with immunity. Comparative repertoires among different fungal-host can highlight unique adaptations, providing insights novel antifungal therapies biocontrol strategies.

Language: Английский

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The Microbe, the Infection Enigma, and the Host

Annual Review of Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 78(1), P. 103 - 124

Published: July 10, 2024

Human infectious diseases are unique in that the discovery of their environmental trigger, microbe, was sufficient to drive development extraordinarily effective principles and tools for prevention or cure. This medical prowess has outpaced, perhaps even hindered, scientific progress equal magnitude biological understanding diseases. Indeed, hope kindled by germ theory disease rapidly subdued infection enigma, need a host solution, when it realized most individuals infected with agents continue do well. The root causes death unhappy few remained unclear. While canonical approaches vitro (cellular microbiology), vivo (animal models), natura (clinical studies) analyzed consequences considered be cause disease, cells, tissues, organisms seen as uniform host, alternative searched preexisting particularly human genetic immunological determinants populations diverse trigger microbe.

Language: Английский

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