The Gut–Brain Axis

Annual Review of Medicine, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 73(1), P. 439 - 453

Published: Oct. 20, 2021

Preclinical evidence has firmly established bidirectional interactions among the brain, gut, and gut microbiome. Candidate signaling molecules at least three communication channels have been identified. Communication within this system is nonlinear, with multiple feedback loops, likely involves between different channels. Alterations in gut-brain-microbiome identified rodent models of several digestive, psychiatric, neurological disorders. While alterations gut-brain clearly irritable bowel syndrome, a causative role microbiome syndrome remains to be determined. In absence specific microbial targets for more effective therapies, current approaches are limited dietary interventions centrally targeted pharmacological behavioral approaches. A comprehensive understanding influences well-designed randomized controlled trials needed translate these exciting preclinical findings into therapies.

Language: Английский

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Role and Mechanism of Gut Microbiota in Human Disease

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: March 17, 2021

The human gut microbiome is a huge microbial community that plays an irreplaceable role in life. With the further development of research, influence intestinal flora on diseases has been gradually excavated. Gut microbiota (GM) dysbiosis adverse health effects body will lead to variety chronic diseases. underlying mechanisms GM are incredibly complicated. This review focuses regulation and mechanism neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular metabolic gastrointestinal thus providing potential target for prevention treatment disease.

Language: Английский

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Fecal microbiota transplantation protects rotenone-induced Parkinson’s disease mice via suppressing inflammation mediated by the lipopolysaccharide-TLR4 signaling pathway through the microbiota-gut-brain axis

Microbiome, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: Nov. 17, 2021

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, displaying not only well-known motor deficits but also gastrointestinal dysfunctions. Consistently, it has been increasingly evident that gut microbiota affects the communication between and brain in PD pathogenesis, known as microbiota-gut-brain axis. As an approach to re-establishing normal community, fecal transplantation (FMT) exerted beneficial effects on recent studies. Here, this study, we established chronic rotenone-induced mouse model evaluate protective of FMT treatment explore underlying mechanisms, which proves involvement dysbiosis pathogenesis via axis.We demonstrated induced by rotenone administration caused function impairment poor behavioral performances mice. Moreover, 16S RNA sequencing identified increase bacterial genera Akkermansia Desulfovibrio samples By contrast, remarkably restored microbial thus ameliorating dysfunctions Further experiments revealed alleviated intestinal inflammation barrier destruction, reducing levels systemic inflammation. Subsequently, attenuated blood-brain (BBB) suppressed neuroinflammation substantia nigra (SN), further decreased damage dopaminergic neurons. Additional mechanistic investigation discovered reduced lipopolysaccharide (LPS) colon, serum, SN, thereafter suppressing TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway its downstream pro-inflammatory products both SN colon.Our current study demonstrates can correct ameliorate model, suppression mediated LPS-TLR4 possibly plays significant role. Further, prove involved genesis Video abstract.

Language: Английский

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Microglia and Central Nervous System–Associated Macrophages—From Origin to Disease Modulation

Annual Review of Immunology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 39(1), P. 251 - 277

Published: Feb. 9, 2021

The immune system of the central nervous (CNS) consists primarily innate cells. These are highly specialized macrophages found either in parenchyma, called microglia, or at CNS interfaces, such as leptomeningeal, perivascular, and choroid plexus macrophages. While they were thought phagocytes, their function extends well beyond simple removal cell debris during development diseases. Brain-resident cells to be plastic, long-lived, host an outstanding number risk genes for multiple pathologies. As a result, now considered most suitable targets modulating Additionally, recent single-cell technologies enhanced our molecular understanding origins, fates, interactomes, functional statesduring health perturbation. Here, we review current state challenges myeloid biology treatment options related

Language: Английский

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A Comprehensive Review on the Role of the Gut Microbiome in Human Neurological Disorders

Clinical Microbiology Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 35(1)

Published: Jan. 5, 2022

The human body is full of an extensive number commensal microbes, consisting bacteria, viruses, and fungi, collectively termed the microbiome. initial acquisition microbiota occurs from both external maternal environments, vast majority them colonize gastrointestinal tract (GIT). These microbial communities play a central role in maturation development immune system, nervous GIT system are also responsible for essential metabolic pathways. Various factors, including host genetic predisposition, environmental lifestyle, diet, antibiotic or nonantibiotic drug use, etc., affect composition gut microbiota. Recent publications have highlighted that imbalance microflora, known as dysbiosis, associated with onset progression neurological disorders. Moreover, characterization microbiome-host cross talk pathways provides insight into novel therapeutic strategies. Novel preclinical clinical research on interventions related to microbiome treating conditions, autism spectrum disorders, Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's epilepsy, stroke, hold significant promise. This review aims present comprehensive overview potential involvement pathogenesis particular emphasis microbe-based therapies and/or diagnostic biomarkers. discusses health benefits administration probiotics, prebiotics, postbiotics, synbiotics fecal transplantation

Language: Английский

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Depression and anxiety in inflammatory bowel disease: epidemiology, mechanisms and treatment

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 19(11), P. 717 - 726

Published: June 22, 2022

Language: Английский

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Gut microbiota influence immunotherapy responses: mechanisms and therapeutic strategies

Journal of Hematology & Oncology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: April 29, 2022

The gut microbiota have long been recognized to play a key role in human health and disease. Currently, several lines of evidence from preclinical clinical research gradually established that the can modulate antitumor immunity affect efficacy cancer immunotherapies, especially immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Deciphering underlying mechanisms reveals reprogram tumor microenvironment (TME) by engaging innate and/or adaptive cells. Notably, one primary modes which is means metabolites, are small molecules could spread their initial location impact local systemic response promote ICI efficiency. Mechanistic exploration provides novel insights for developing rational microbiota-based therapeutic strategies manipulating microbiota, such as fecal transplantation (FMT), probiotics, engineered microbiomes, specific microbial augment advance age utilization precision medicine.

Language: Английский

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Microbiota–gut–brain axis and its therapeutic applications in neurodegenerative diseases

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: Feb. 16, 2024

Abstract The human gastrointestinal tract is populated with a diverse microbial community. vast genetic and metabolic potential of the gut microbiome underpins its ubiquity in nearly every aspect biology, including health maintenance, development, aging, disease. advent new sequencing technologies culture-independent methods has allowed researchers to move beyond correlative studies toward mechanistic explorations shed light on microbiome–host interactions. Evidence unveiled bidirectional communication between central nervous system, referred as “microbiota–gut–brain axis”. microbiota–gut–brain axis represents an important regulator glial functions, making it actionable target ameliorate development progression neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we discuss mechanisms As provides essential cues microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, examine communications microbiota these cells during healthy states Subsequently, diseases using metabolite-centric approach, while also examining role microbiota-related neurotransmitters hormones. Next, targeting intestinal barrier, blood–brain meninges, peripheral immune system counteract dysfunction neurodegeneration. Finally, conclude by assessing pre-clinical clinical evidence probiotics, prebiotics, fecal transplantation A thorough comprehension will foster effective therapeutic interventions for management

Language: Английский

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Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Other Lifestyle Factors in the Prevention of Cognitive Decline and Dementia

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(11), P. 4080 - 4080

Published: Nov. 15, 2021

Multiple factors combined are currently recognized as contributors to cognitive decline. The main independent risk factor for impairment and dementia is advanced age followed by other determinants such genetic, socioeconomic, environmental factors, including nutrition physical activity. In the next decades, a rise in cases expected due largely aging of world population. There no hitherto effective pharmaceutical therapies treat age-associated dementia, which underscores crucial role prevention. A relationship among diet, activity, lifestyle with function has been intensively studied mounting evidence supporting these development decline chief cause disability globally. Several dietary patterns, foods, nutrients have investigated this regard, some encouraging disappointing results. This review presents current effects components, supplements, sleep social engagement on prevention or delay onset age-related dementia.

Language: Английский

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Functions of Gut Microbiota Metabolites, Current Status and Future Perspectives

Aging and Disease, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(4), P. 1106 - 1106

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

Gut microbiota, a collection of microorganisms that live within gastrointestinal tract, provides crucial signaling metabolites for the physiological hosts. In healthy state, gut microbiota are helpful maintaining basic functions hosts, whereas disturbed production these can lead to numerous diseases such as metabolic diseases, cardiovascular neurodegenerative and cancer. Although there many reviews about specific mechanisms on is no comprehensive summarization metabolites. this Opinion, we discuss knowledge including types their ways acting targets. addition, summarize pathologic in health shaping composition nutrition. This paper be understanding roles thus provide guidance developing suitable therapeutic strategies combat microbial-driven improve health.

Language: Английский

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