Acta Biomaterialia,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
144, P. 1 - 14
Published: March 28, 2022
As
nanoscale
extracellular
vesicles,
exosomes
are
secreted
by
various
cell
types,
and
they
widely
distributed
in
multiple
biological
fluids.
Studies
have
shown
that
tumor-derived
can
carry
a
variety
of
primary
tumor-specific
molecules,
which
may
represent
novel
tool
for
the
early
detection
cancer.
However,
clinical
translation
remains
challenge
due
to
requirement
large
quantities
samples
when
enriching
cancer-related
fluids,
insufficiency
traditional
techniques
exosome
subpopulations,
complex
isolation
current
commercially
available
phenotype
profiling
approaches.
The
evolving
surface-enhanced
Raman
scattering
(SERS)
technology,
with
properties
unique
optoelectronics,
easy
functionalization,
particular
interaction
between
light
metallic
materials,
achieve
sensitive
without
multiplexed
profiling,
providing
new
mode
real-time
noninvasive
analysis
cancer
patients.
In
present
review,
we
mainly
discussed
based
on
SERS,
especially
SERS
immunoassay.
basic
structure
function
were
firstly
introduced.
Then,
recent
studies
using
technique
critically
reviewed,
included
substrates,
modification
SERS-based
detection,
combination
other
technologies
diagnosis.
This
review
systematically
essential
aspects,
limitations,
considerations
applying
technology
cancer-derived
exosomes,
could
provide
valuable
reference
diagnosis
through
technology.
Surface-enhanced
has
been
applied
obtain
better
diagnostic
results.
past
three
years,
several
reviews
published
narrowly
focus
methods
detection.
Selection
surface
functionalization
substrate
different
will
strategies
exosomes.
above
aspects.
emerging
method
is
constantly
contributing
discovery
diseases
future.
FEMS Microbiology Reviews,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
43(3), P. 273 - 303
Published: Nov. 20, 2018
Cells
from
all
three
domains
of
life,
Archaea,
Bacteria
and
Eukarya,
produce
extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
which
are
sometimes
associated
with
filamentous
structures
known
as
nanopods
or
nanotubes.
The
mechanisms
EV
biogenesis
in
the
remain
poorly
understood,
although
studies
Eukarya
indicate
that
regulation
lipid
composition
plays
a
major
role
initiating
membrane
curvature.
EVs
increasingly
recognized
important
mediators
intercellular
communication
via
transfer
wide
variety
molecular
cargoes.
They
have
been
implicated
many
aspects
cell
physiology
such
stress
response,
competition,
lateral
gene
(via
RNA
DNA),
pathogenicity
detoxification.
Their
various
human
pathologies
aging
has
aroused
much
interest
recent
years.
can
be
used
decoys
against
viral
attack
but
virus-infected
cells
also
boost
infection.
Here,
we
review
current
knowledge
on
life
their
interactions
world.
Trends in biotechnology,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
38(10), P. 1066 - 1098
Published: June 18, 2020
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
are
phospholipid
bilayer
membrane-enclosed
structures
containing
RNAs,
proteins,
lipids,
metabolites,
and
other
molecules,
secreted
by
various
cells
into
physiological
fluids.
EV-mediated
transfer
of
biomolecules
is
a
critical
component
variety
pathological
processes.
Potential
applications
EVs
in
novel
diagnostic
therapeutic
strategies
have
brought
increasing
attention.
However,
EV
research
remains
highly
challenging
due
to
the
inherently
complex
biogenesis
their
vast
heterogeneity
size,
composition,
origin.
There
need
for
establishment
standardized
methods
that
address
sources
pre-analytical
analytical
variability
studies.
Here,
we
review
technologies
developed
isolation
characterization
discuss
paths
toward
standardization
research.
Journal of Chromatography A,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
1636, P. 461773 - 461773
Published: Dec. 3, 2020
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
are
heterogenous
membrane-bound
released
from
various
origins.
EVs
play
a
crucial
role
in
cellular
communication
and
mediate
several
physiological
pathological
processes,
highlighting
their
potential
therapeutic
diagnostic
applications.
Due
to
the
rapid
increase
interests
needs
elucidate
EV
properties
functions,
numerous
isolation
separation
approaches
for
have
been
developed
overcome
limitations
of
conventional
techniques,
such
as
ultracentrifugation.
This
review
focuses
on
recently
emerging
modern
including
size-,
charge-,
affinity-based
techniques
while
excluding
ultracentrifugation
precipitation-based
due
multiple
limitations.
The
advantages
drawbacks
each
technique
discussed
together
with
insights
into
Emerging
all
share
similar
features
terms
being
time-effective,
easy-to-operate,
capable
providing
suitable
desirable
purity
integrity
applications
interest.
Combination
hyphenation
used
yield
best
quality.
most
recent
development
using
an
automated
on-line
system
selective
trapping
unit
asymmetrical
flow
field-flow
fractionation
allows
reliable
subpopulations
human
plasma.
Trends in Cell Biology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
33(8), P. 667 - 681
Published: Feb. 1, 2023
The
study
of
extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
and
nanoparticles
(NPs)
is
rapidly
expanding
because
recent
discoveries
have
revealed
a
much
greater
complexity
diversity
than
was
appreciated
only
few
years
ago.
New
types
EVs
NPs
recently
been
described.
Proteins
nucleic
acids
previously
thought
to
be
packaged
in
exosomes
appear
more
enriched
different
two
identified
amembranous
NPs,
exomeres
supermeres.
Thus,
our
understanding
the
cell
biology
intercellular
communication
facilitated
by
release
state
flux.
In
this
review,
we
describe
highlight
advances,
present
major
outstanding
questions.
Cells,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
9(9), P. 1955 - 1955
Published: Aug. 25, 2020
Research
on
extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
is
growing
exponentially
due
to
an
increasing
appreciation
of
EVs
as
disease
biomarkers
and
therapeutics,
expanding
number
EV-containing
materials
under
study,
application
new
preparation,
detection,
cargo
analysis
methods.
Diversity
both
sources
methodologies
imposes
challenges
the
comparison
measurement
results
between
studies
laboratories.
While
reference
guidelines
minimal
requirements
for
EV
research
have
achieved
important
objective
assembling
community
consensus,
it
also
essential
understand
which
quality
controls
are
currently
being
applied,
how
usage
trends
evolving.
As
initial
response
this
need,
International
Society
Extracellular
Vesicles
(ISEV)
performed
a
worldwide
survey
in
2015
"Techniques
used
isolation
characterization
vesicles"
published
from
2016.
In
2019,
was
assess
changing
state
field.
The
questionnaire
received
more
than
600
full
or
partial
responses,
present
manuscript
summarizes
second
survey.
emphasize
that
separation
methods
such
ultracentrifugation
density
gradients
still
most
commonly
methods,
use
size
exclusion
chromatography
has
increased,
techniques
based
tangential
flow
microfluidics
now
by
10%
respondents.
reveals
researchers
do
not
perform
sample
before
after
EVs.
Finally,
majority
should
receive
attention.
Advanced Functional Materials,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
30(37)
Published: March 11, 2020
The
therapeutic
benefits
of
mesenchymal
stromal
cell
(MSC)
transplantation
have
been
attributed
to
their
secreted
factors,
including
extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
and
soluble
factors.
potential
employing
the
MSC
secretome
as
an
alternative
acellular
approach
therapy
is
being
investigated
in
various
tissue
injury
indications,
but
EVs
administered
via
bolus
injections
are
rapidly
sequestered
cleared.
However,
biomaterials
offer
delivery
platforms
enhance
EV
retention
rates
healing
efficacy.
In
this
review,
we
highlight
mechanisms
underpinning
effects
MSC-EVs
factors
effectors
immunomodulation
regeneration,
conferred
primarily
nucleic
acid
protein
contents.
We
discuss
how
manipulating
culture
microenvironment
or
genetic
modification
MSCs
can
further
augment
potency
secretions.
most
recent
advances
development
EV-functionalized
that
mediate
enhanced
angiogenesis
survival,
while
attenuating
inflammation
fibrosis,
presented.
Finally,
some
technical
challenges
be
considered
for
clinical
translation
carrying
MSC-secreted
bioactive
cargo
discussed.
