The blood–brain barrier: Structure, regulation and drug delivery

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: May 25, 2023

Abstract Blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a natural protective membrane that prevents central nervous system (CNS) from toxins and pathogens in blood. However, the presence of BBB complicates pharmacotherapy for CNS disorders as most chemical drugs biopharmaceuticals have been impeded to enter brain. Insufficient drug delivery into brain leads low therapeutic efficacy well aggravated side effects due accumulation other organs tissues. Recent breakthrough materials science nanotechnology provides library advanced with customized structure property serving powerful toolkit targeted delivery. In-depth research field anatomical pathological study on further facilitates development brain-targeted strategies enhanced crossing. In this review, physiological different cells contributing are summarized. Various emerging permeability regulation crossing including passive transcytosis, intranasal administration, ligands conjugation, coating, stimuli-triggered disruption, overcome obstacle highlighted. Versatile systems ranging organic, inorganic, biologics-derived their synthesis procedures unique physio-chemical properties summarized analyzed. This review aims provide an up-to-date comprehensive guideline researchers diverse fields, offering perspectives system.

Language: Английский

---

Nanoparticle and Nanostructure Synthesis and Controlled Growth Methods

Nanomaterials, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(18), P. 3226 - 3226

Published: Sept. 16, 2022

Nanomaterials are materials with one or more nanoscale dimensions (internal external) (i.e., 1 to 100 nm). The nanomaterial shape, size, porosity, surface chemistry, and composition controlled at the nanoscale, this offers interesting properties compared bulk materials. This review describes how nanomaterials classified, their fabrication, functionalization techniques, growth-controlled mechanisms. First, history of is summarized then different classification methods, based on dimensionality (0–3D), (carbon, inorganic, organic, hybrids), origin (natural, incidental, engineered, bioinspired), crystal phase (single phase, multiphase), dispersion state (dispersed aggregated), presented. Then, synthesis methods discussed classified in function starting material (bottom-up top-down), reaction (gas, plasma, liquid, solid), nature dispersing forces (mechanical, physical, chemical, physicochemical, biological). Finally, challenges synthesizing for research commercial use highlighted.

Language: Английский

---

Triarylboron‐Doped Acenethiophenes as Organic Sonosensitizers for Highly Efficient Sonodynamic Therapy with Low Phototoxicity

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 34(49)

Published: Oct. 4, 2022

The development of efficient organic sonosensitizers is crucial for sonodynamic therapy (SDT) in the field cancer treatment. Herein, a new strategy based on triarylboron-doped acenethiophene scaffolds presented. attachment boron to linear acenethiophenes lowers lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy, resulting redshifted absorptions and emissions. After encapsulation with amphiphilic polymer DSPE-mPEG2000 , it found that nanostructured BAnTh-NPs BTeTh-NPs (nanoparticles BAnTh BTeTh) shows hydroxyl radical (• OH) generation under ultrasound (US) irradiation aqueous solution almost no phototoxicity, which can overcome shortcomings O2 -dependent SDT avoid potential cutaneous phototoxicity issue. In vitro vivo therapeutic results validate boron-doped as enable high efficiency low good biocompatibility, indicating boron-functionalization acenes promising toward SDT.

Language: Английский

---

Bioactive inorganic nanomaterials for cancer theranostics

Chemical Society Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 52(6), P. 2031 - 2081

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Bioactive materials are a special class of biomaterials that can react in vivo to induce biological response or regulate functions, thus achieving better curative effect than traditional inert biomaterials. For cancer theranostics, compared with organic polymer nanomaterials, inorganic nanomaterials possess unique physical and chemical properties, have stronger mechanical stability on the basis maintaining certain bioactivity, easy be compounded various carriers (polymer carriers, etc.), so as achieve specific antitumor efficacy. After entering nanoscale, due nano-size effect, high surface area nanostructures, exhibit effects, which significantly influence interaction organisms. Therefore, research applications bioactive theranostics attracted wide attention. In this review, we mainly summarize recent progress also introduce definition, synthesis modification strategies nanomaterials. Thereafter, tumor imaging therapy, including microenvironment (TME) regulation, catalytic gas regulatory cell death immunotherapy, discussed. Finally, biosafety challenges mentioned, their future development opportunities prospected. This review highlights bioapplication

Language: Английский

---

Targeting the Microenvironment of Vulnerable Atherosclerotic Plaques: An Emerging Diagnosis and Therapy Strategy for Atherosclerosis

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 34(29)

Published: March 3, 2022

Abstract Atherosclerosis is considered one of the primary causes cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Unpredictable rupture vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques triggers adverse events such as acute myocardial syndrome and even sudden cardiac death. Therefore, assessing vulnerability early intervention are significance in reducing CVD mortality. Nanomedicine possesses tremendous advantages achieving integration diagnosis therapy because its magnetic, optical, thermal, catalytic properties. Based on pathological characteristics plaques, stimuli‐responsive nanoplatforms surface‐functionalized nanoagents designed have drawn great attention for accomplishing precise imaging treatment due to their superior properties, high bioavailability, lesion‐targeting specificity, on‐demand cargo release, low off‐target damage. Here, generalized, some targeted strategies boosting accuracy plaque evaluation by efficacy stabilization (including antioxidant therapy, macrophage depletion regulation lipid metabolism anti‐inflammation etc.) systematically summarized. In addition, existing challenges prospects this field discussed, it believed provide new thinking CVDs near future.

Language: Английский

---

Bioinspired Integration of Naturally Occurring Molecules towards Universal and Smart Antibacterial Coatings

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 32(4)

Published: Oct. 23, 2021

Abstract Surface‐independent smart antibacterial coatings with on‐demand antibiotics release profiles have attracted increasing attention in medical instruments, delivery platforms, and implanted devices. Although several approaches been well documented, the facile preparation of onto universal substrates high loading efficiencies, tunable drug profiles, excellent performances is still met many challenges, especially related to redundant coating material synthesis selective substrate fabrication process. To resolve this issue, authors report a robust method towards surfaces on various via one‐pot integration two types naturally occurring building blocks, aminoglycosides protocatechualdehyde presence plant enzyme horseradish peroxidase. The simultaneous dynamic imine bonds formation enzymatic polymerization within system during reaction enable diverse surface‐independent coatings, which can demonstrate promising features including (i.e., pH‐responsive) properties, behaviors, efficient activities both vitro vivo. This work may offer new opportunities materials by bioinspired all natural blocks.

Language: Английский

---

Recent advances in multifunctional nanomaterials for photothermal-enhanced Fenton-based chemodynamic tumor therapy

Materials Today Bio, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13, P. 100197 - 100197

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

Photothermal (PT)-enhanced Fenton-based chemodynamic therapy (CDT) has attracted a significant amount of research attention over the last five years as highly effective, safe, and tumor-specific nanomedicine-based therapy. CDT is new emerging nanocatalyst-based therapeutic strategy for in situ treatment tumors via Fenton reaction or Fenton-like reaction, which got fast progress recent because its high specificity activation by endogenous substances. A variety multifunctional nanomaterials such metal-, metal oxide-, metal-sulfide-based nanocatalysts have been designed constructed to trigger within tumor microenvironment (TME) generate cytotoxic hydroxyl radicals (•OH), efficient killing cells. However, still required enhance curative outcomes minimize side effects. Specifically, efficiency certain CDTs hindered TME, including low levels hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), overexpression reduced glutathione (GSH), catalytic efficacy reactions (pH 5.6-6.8), makes it difficult completely cure cancer using monotherapy. For this reason, photothermal (PTT) utilized combination with efficacy. More interestingly, heating during PTT not only causes damage cells but can also accelerate generation •OH reactions, thus enhancing efficacy, providing more effective when compared Currently, synergistic PT-enhanced both PT properties made enormous theranostics. there no comprehensive review on subject published date. In review, we first summarize treatment. We then discuss potential challenges future development nanocatalytic clinical application.

Language: Английский

---

Connecting Calcium-Based Nanomaterials and Cancer: From Diagnosis to Therapy

Nano-Micro Letters, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: July 18, 2022

As the indispensable second cellular messenger, calcium signaling is involved in regulation of almost all physiological processes by activating specific target proteins. The importance ions (Ca

Language: Английский

---

Element‐Doped Mxenes: Mechanism, Synthesis, and Applications

Small, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 18(25)

Published: May 9, 2022

Heteroatom doping can endow MXenes with various new or improved electromagnetic, physicochemical, optical, and structural properties. This greatly extends the arsenal of materials their potential for a spectrum applications. article comprehensively critically discusses syntheses, properties, emerging applications growing family heteroatom-doped materials. First, strategies, synthesis methods, theoretical simulations high-performance are summarized. In order to achieve materials, mechanism atomic element from three aspects lattice optimization, functional substitution, interface modification is analyzed summarized, aiming provide clues developing controllable synthetic routes. The mechanisms underlying advantageous uses energy storage, catalysis, sensors, environmental purification biomedicine highlighted. Finally, future opportunities challenges study application multifunctional presented. work could open up prospects development MXenes.

Language: Английский

---

Recent progress of rare earth doped hydroxyapatite nanoparticles: Luminescence properties, synthesis and biomedical applications

Acta Biomaterialia, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 148, P. 22 - 43

Published: June 5, 2022

Language: Английский

---