Gallbladder cancer

Nature Reviews Disease Primers, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: Oct. 27, 2022

Language: Английский

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Systematic review with meta‐analysis: Time to diagnosis and the impact of delayed diagnosis on clinical outcomes in inflammatory bowel disease

Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 57(6), P. 635 - 652

Published: Jan. 10, 2023

Summary Background The impact of diagnostic delay on the clinical course inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains uncertain. Aim To perform a systematic review time to diagnosis and delayed outcomes in Crohn's (CD) ulcerative colitis (UC). Methods We searched EMBASE Medline from inception 30th November 2022 for studies reporting interval, symptom onset IBD diagnosis. calculated median, interquartile range (IQR) pooled weighted median intervals eligible studies. defined as individuals above 75th centile longest each study. Using random effects meta‐analysis, we odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence (CI) outcomes, according Results One hundred one representing 112,194 patients (CD = 59,359; UC 52,835) met inclusion criteria. times was 8.0 (IQR: 5.0–15.2) 3.7 months 2.0–6.7) CD UC, respectively. In high‐income countries, this 6.2 5.0–12.3) 3.2 2.2–5.3), compared 11.7 8.3–18.0) 7.8 5.2–21.8) low‐middle‐income, 7.0 (95% CI: 3.0–26.4) 4.6 1.0–96.0) months, Eleven studies, 6164 4858; 1306), were included meta‐analysis that examined outcomes. CD, associated higher stricturing (OR 1.88; 1.35–2.62), penetrating 1.64; 1.21–2.20) intestinal surgery 2.24; 1.57–3.19). colectomy 4.13; 1.04–16.40). Conclusion Delayed is progression both UC. Strategies are needed achieve earlier IBD.

Language: Английский

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Colorectal Cancer: From Risk Factors to Oncogenesis

Medicina, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 59(9), P. 1646 - 1646

Published: Sept. 12, 2023

Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Numerous pathophysiological mechanisms, such as abnormal cell proliferation, differentiation, resistance to apoptosis, invasion structures adjacent colorectal tumor cells, and distant metastasis, are involved in carcinogenesis. These processes initiated by complex interaction a number genetic environmental factors, including sedentary lifestyle, obesity, alcohol consumption, smoking, or gut microbiota. Despite significant progress achieved diagnostic therapeutic management patients with cancer, there has been recently noteworthy increase incidence individuals below age 50 years. Early-onset different frequency oncogenic mutations, higher prevalence mucinous histology, distinct deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation profile, more distal location, lower survival rates. A improvement prognosis these can be through detection removal modifiable risk along implementation personalized screening strategies for at high this malignancy. Furthermore, gaining comprehension mechanisms which factors contribute process oncogenesis may facilitate discovery novel targets.

Language: Английский

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The immunomodulatory role of matrix metalloproteinases in colitis-associated cancer

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Jan. 19, 2023

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are an important class of enzymes in the body that function through extracellular matrix (ECM). They involved diverse pathophysiological processes, such as tumor invasion and metastasis, cardiovascular diseases, arthritis, periodontal disease, osteogenesis imperfecta, diseases central nervous system. MMPs participate occurrence development numerous cancers closely related to immunity. In present study, we review immunomodulatory role colitis-associated cancer (CAC) discuss relevant clinical applications. We analyze more than 300 pharmacological studies retrieved from PubMed Web Science, MMPs, cancer, colitis, CAC, immunomodulation. Key interfere with pathological processes CAC MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-7, MMP-9, MMP-10, MMP-12, MMP-13, well their corresponding mechanisms elaborated. cell proliferation, differentiation, angiogenesis, ECM remodeling, inflammatory response CAC. also affect immune system by modulating differentiation activity cells, recruitment macrophages, neutrophils. Herein describe facilitate treatment this special type colon which is preceded detectable bowel disease populations.

Language: Английский

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An Orally-Administered Nanotherapeutics with Carbon Monoxide Supplying for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Therapy by Scavenging Oxidative Stress and Restoring Gut Immune Homeostasis

ACS Nano, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 17(21), P. 21116 - 21133

Published: Oct. 16, 2023

Traditional drug-based treatments for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have significant limitations due to their potential off-target systemic side-effects. Currently, there is a lack of understanding on how effectively address excessive oxidative stress, dysregulated immune homeostasis, and microbiota dysbiosis within the IBD microenvironment. Herein, we introduce nanotherapeutic approach, named LBL-CO@MPDA, treatment. LBL-CO@MPDA an orally administered formulation that supplies carbon monoxide (CO) therapeutic purposes. To create nanocomposite, developed layer by (LBL) self-assembly strategy where coated chitosan/alginate polyelectrolytes onto surface CO prodrug-loaded mesoporous polydopamine nanoparticles (CO@MPDA). Benefiting from negatively charged LBL coating, it allows targeted accumulation specifically positively inflamed colon lesions through electrostatic interactions. Furthermore, in microenvironment colon, system releases responsive manner. Interestingly, CO@MPDA ameliorates conditions MPDA-mediated ROS-scavenging CO-mediated immunomodulation. CO-supplying activates heme oxygenase-1, leading macrophage M2 polarization via Notch/Hes1/Stat3 signaling pathway, while suppressing response down-regulating p38 MAPK NF-κB (p50/p65) pathways. In mice model dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced IBD, reverses pro-inflammatory restores gut barrier functions multiple mechanisms, including scavenging restoring modulating microbiota. Collectively, our findings highlight promising this innovative treatment IBD.

Language: Английский

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Role of Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition in Colorectal Cancer

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(19), P. 14815 - 14815

Published: Oct. 1, 2023

The epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a cellular reprogramming process that occurs during embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis. This involves epithelial cells acquiring mesenchymal phenotype. Through EMT, cancer acquire properties associated with more aggressive EMT its opposite, mesenchymal–epithelial (MET), have been described in tumors over the past ten years, including colorectal (CRC). When activated, expression of marker E-cadherin decreased vimentin raised. As result, temporarily take on phenotype, becoming motile promoting spread tumor cells. Epithelial–mesenchymal plasticity (EMP) has become hot issue CRC because strong inducers (such as transforming growth factor β, TGF-β) can initiate regulate metastasis, microenvironment, immune system resistance CRC. In this review, we into account significance EMT-MET impact cells’ prognosis analysis connection between stem (CCSCs) will help to further clarify current meager understandings EMT. Recent advances affecting important transcription factors CCSCs are highlighted. We come conclusion regulatory network for complicated, great deal crosstalk alternate paths. More thorough research required effectively connect clinical management biomarkers targeted treatments

Language: Английский

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Intestinal bacteria and colorectal cancer: etiology and treatment

Gut Microbes, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: March 16, 2023

The etiology of colorectal cancer (CRC) is influenced by bacterial communities that colonize the gastrointestinal tract. These microorganisms derive essential nutrients from indigestible dietary or host-derived compounds and activate molecular signaling pathways necessary for normal tissue immune function. Associative mechanistic studies have identified species whose presence may increase CRC risk, including notable examples such as Fusobacterium nucleatum, Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis, pks+ E. coli. In recent years this work has expanded in scope to include aspects host mutational status, intra-tumoral microbial heterogeneity, transient infection, cumulative influence multiple carcinogenic bacteria after sequential co-colonization. review, we will provide an updated overview how host-bacteria interactions development, knowledge be utilized diagnose prevent CRC, gut microbiome influences treatment efficacy.

Language: Английский

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From LncRNA to metastasis: The MALAT1-EMT axis in cancer progression

Pathology - Research and Practice, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 253, P. 154959 - 154959

Published: Nov. 19, 2023

Language: Английский

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Targeting inflammation as cancer therapy

Journal of Hematology & Oncology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(1)

Published: March 22, 2024

Abstract Inflammation has accompanied human beings since the emergence of wounds and infections. In past decades, numerous efforts have been undertaken to explore potential role inflammation in cancer, from tumor development, invasion, metastasis resistance tumors treatment. Inflammation-targeted agents not only demonstrate suppress cancer but also improve efficacy other therapeutic modalities. this review, we describe highly dynamic complex inflammatory microenvironment, with discussion on key mediators including cells, cytokines, their downstream intracellular pathways. addition, especially address development highlight action mechanisms inflammation-targeted therapies antitumor response. Finally, summarize results both preclinical clinical studies up date illustrate translation therapies.

Language: Английский

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Bifidobacterium breve-derived indole-3-lactic acid ameliorates colitis-associated tumorigenesis by directing the differentiation of immature colonic macrophages

Theranostics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(7), P. 2719 - 2735

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Aim: To elucidate dynamics and functions in colonic macrophage subsets, their regulation by Bifidobacterium breve (B.breve) its associated metabolites the initiation of colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC).Methods: Azoxymethane (AOM) dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) were used to create a CAC model.The tumor-suppressive effect B. variations subsets evaluated.Intestinal macrophages ablated determine role protective effects breve.Efficacious molecules produced identified non-targeted targeted liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis.The molecular mechanism was further verified murine bone marrow-derived (BMDMs), derived from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMCs), demonstrated mice.Results: alleviated colitis symptoms, delayed tumorigenesis, promoted phenotypic differentiation immature inflammatory into mature homeostatic macrophages.On contrary, ablation intestinal largely annulled breve.Microbial analysis contents revealed enrichment probiotics depletion potential pathogens following supplementation.Moreover, indole-3-lactic acid (ILA) positively correlated with mice highly enriched culture supernatant breve.Also, addition ILA directly AKT phosphorylation restricted pro-inflammatory response BMDMs hPBMCs vitro.The abolished aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) antagonist CH-223191 or inhibitor MK-2206.Furthermore, could protect against tumorigenesis regulating mice; AhR abrogated relieving tumorigenesis.Conclusion: breve-mediated tryptophan metabolism ameliorates precancerous milieu inhibit directing macrophages.

Language: Английский

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