Wastewater Surveillance for Infectious Disease: A Systematic Review

American Journal of Epidemiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 192(2), P. 305 - 322

Published: Oct. 13, 2022

Abstract Wastewater surveillance for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been shown to be a valuable source of information regarding SARS-CoV-2 transmission and disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases. Although the method used several decades track other infectious diseases, there not comprehensive review outlining all pathogens that have surveilled through wastewater. Herein we identify diseases previously studied via wastewater prior COVID-19 pandemic. Infectious were identified in 100 studies across 38 countries, as themes how measures linked. Twenty-five separate pathogen families included studies, with majority examining from family Picornaviridae, including polio nonpolio enteroviruses. Most did link what was found transmission. Among those did, value reported varied by study. should considered potential public health tool many diseases. can improved incorporating at population-level incidence hospitalizations.

Language: Английский

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Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) RNA in Wastewater Settled Solids Reflects RSV Clinical Positivity Rates

Environmental Science & Technology Letters, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9(2), P. 173 - 178

Published: Jan. 12, 2022

Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) uses concentrations of infectious agent targets in wastewater to infer infection trends the contributing community. To date, WBE has been used gain insight into gastrointestinal diseases, but its application respiratory diseases limited. Here, we report that syncytial virus (RSV) genomic ribonucleic acid can be detected settled solids at two publicly owned treatment works. We further show concentration is strongly associated (Kendalls tau = 0.65–0.77, p < 10–7) with clinical positivity rates for RSV sentinel laboratories across state 2021, a year anomalous seasonal disease. Given infections have similar presentations COVID-19, life threatening some, and immunoprophylaxis distribution vulnerable people based on outbreak identification, represents an important tool augment current surveillance public health response efforts.

Language: Английский

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A wastewater-based epidemic model for SARS-CoV-2 with application to three Canadian cities

Epidemics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 39, P. 100560 - 100560

Published: April 9, 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has stimulated wastewater-based surveillance, allowing public health to track the epidemic by monitoring concentration of genetic fingerprints SARS-CoV-2 shed in wastewater infected individuals. Wastewater-based surveillance for is still its infancy. In particular, quantitative link between clinical cases observed through traditional and signals from viral concentrations developing hampers interpretation data actionable public-health decisions. We present a modelling framework that includes both transmission at population level fate RNA particles sewage system after faecal shedding persons population. Using our mechanistic representation combined clinical/wastewater system, we perform exploratory simulations quantify effect effectiveness, interventions vaccination on discordance signals. also apply model three Canadian cities provide wastewater-informed estimates actual prevalence, effective reproduction number incidence forecasts. find paired with this model, can complement supporting estimation key epidemiological metrics hence better triangulate state an using alternative source.

Language: Английский

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Comparison of virus concentration methods and RNA extraction methods for SARS-CoV-2 wastewater surveillance

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 824, P. 153687 - 153687

Published: Feb. 5, 2022

Language: Английский

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Wastewater analysis can be a powerful public health tool—if it’s done sensibly

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 119(6)

Published: Feb. 3, 2022

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic sparked an explosion of interest in wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE; also known as wastewater monitoring or surveillance). Much has been said, the scientific literature and popular press alike, about public health value tracking severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) wastewater. Emergence spread omicron variant recently pushed WBE for COVID-19 management back into headlines. Unfortunately, coverage potential is rarely balanced by a practical discussion limitations tradeoffs, especially when it comes to issues beyond technical challenges encountered lab. Sometimes makes sense way monitor outbreaks other threats, sometimes constraints argue spending scarce resources elsewhere. We grapple with such frequently while managing program Healthy Davis Together (HDT), multi-pronged pandemic-response initiative Davis, CA. Since launching September 2020, grown include in-house analysis collected on weekly, triweekly, daily basis from 70 sites distributed across City University California, (UC Davis) campus sewer systems influent their treatment plants. are glad that our data informing local mitigation efforts. Results UC dorm outflows supporting safe return students campus; results neighborhoods broader city areas helping officials understand spatial changes trends react accordingly. At same time, running campaign requires significant investments money, labor, expertise. Given much information gleaned not directly actionable, and/or duplicates sources, prudent consider these worthwhile. … [↵][1]1To whom correspondence may be addressed. Email: hbischel{at}ucdavis.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1

Language: Английский

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Relationships between SARS-CoV-2 in Wastewater and COVID-19 Clinical Cases and Hospitalizations, with and without Normalization against Indicators of Human Waste

ACS ES&T Water, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 2(11), P. 1992 - 2003

Published: May 26, 2022

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) in wastewater has been used to track community infections of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), providing critical information for public health interventions. Since levels are dependent upon human inputs, we hypothesize that tracking can be improved by normalizing concentrations against indicators waste [Pepper Mild Mottle Virus (PMMoV), β-2 Microglobulin (B2M), and fecal coliform]. In this study, analyzed SARS-CoV-2 from two sewersheds different scales: a University campus treatment plant. Wastewater data were combined with complementary COVID-19 case evaluate the efficiency surveillance forecasting new cases and, larger scale, hospitalizations. Results show normalization PMMoV B2M resulted correlations using volcano second generation (V2G)-qPCR chemistry (rs = 0.69 without normalization, rs 0.73 normalization). Mixed results obtained samples collected at scale. Overall benefits measures depend qPCR improves smaller sewershed We recommend further studies efficacy additional targets.

Language: Английский

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Nationwide Trends in COVID-19 Cases and SARS-CoV-2 RNA Wastewater Concentrations in the United States

ACS ES&T Water, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 2(11), P. 1899 - 1909

Published: May 3, 2022

Wastewater-based epidemiology has emerged as a promising technology for population-level surveillance of COVID-19. In this study, we present results large nationwide SARS-CoV-2 wastewater monitoring system in the United States. We profile 55 locations with at least six months sampling from April 2020 to May 2021. These represent more than 12 million individuals across 19 states. Samples were collected approximately weekly by treatment utilities part regular service and analyzed RNA concentrations. concentrations normalized pepper mild mottle virus, an indicator fecal matter wastewater. show that data reflect temporal geographic trends clinical COVID-19 cases investigate impact normalization on correlations case within locations. also provide key lessons learned our broad-scale implementation wastewater-based epidemiology, which can be used inform approaches future emerging diseases. This work demonstrates is feasible approach disease. With evolving epidemic effective vaccines against SARS-CoV-2, serve passive detecting changing dynamics or resurgences virus.

Language: Английский

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A world of wastewater-based epidemiology

Nature Water, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 1(5), P. 408 - 415

Published: May 22, 2023

Language: Английский

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Wastewater-based surveillance as a tool for public health action: SARS-CoV-2 and beyond

Clinical Microbiology Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 37(1)

Published: Dec. 14, 2023

SUMMARY Wastewater-based surveillance (WBS) has undergone dramatic advancement in the context of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The power and potential this platform technology were rapidly realized when it became evident that not only did WBS-measured SARS-CoV-2 RNA correlate strongly with COVID-19 clinical within monitored populations but also, fact, functioned as a leading indicator. Teams from across globe innovated novel approaches by which wastewater could be collected diverse sewersheds ranging treatment plants (enabling community-level surveillance) to more granular locations including individual neighborhoods high-risk buildings such long-term care facilities (LTCF). Efficient processes enabled extraction concentration highly dilute matrix. Molecular genomic tools identify, quantify, characterize its various variants adapted programs applied these mixed environmental systems. Novel data-sharing allowed information mobilized made immediately available public health government decision-makers even public, enabling evidence-informed decision-making based on local dynamics. WBS since been recognized tool transformative potential, providing near-real-time cost-effective, objective, comprehensive, inclusive data changing prevalence measured analytes space time populations. However, consequence rapid innovation hundreds teams simultaneously, tremendous heterogeneity currently exists literature. This manuscript provides state-of-the-art review established details current work underway expanding scope other infectious targets.

Language: Английский

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Human viral nucleic acids concentrations in wastewater solids from Central and Coastal California USA

Scientific Data, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: June 22, 2023

Abstract We measured concentrations of SARS-CoV-2, influenza A and B virus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), mpox human metapneumovirus, norovirus GII, pepper mild mottle nucleic acids in wastewater solids at twelve treatment plants Central California, USA. Measurements were made daily for up to two years, depending on the plant. using digital droplet (reverse-transcription–) polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) following best practices making environmental molecular biology measurements. These data can be used better understand disease occurrence communities contributing wastewater.

Language: Английский

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