The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis: From Motility to Mood

Gastroenterology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 160(5), P. 1486 - 1501

Published: Jan. 22, 2021

Language: Английский

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Postbiotics—A Step Beyond Pre- and Probiotics

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 12(8), P. 2189 - 2189

Published: July 23, 2020

As an imbalance in the intestinal microbiota can lead to development of several diseases (e.g., type 1 diabetes, cancer, among others), use prebiotics, probiotics, and postbiotics alter gut microbiome has attracted recent interest. Postbiotics include any substance released by or produced through metabolic activity microorganism, which exerts a beneficial effect on host, directly indirectly. do not contain live microorganisms, risks associated with their intake are minimized. Here, we provided critical review described literature, including mechanisms action, clinical characteristics, potential therapeutic applications. We detailed pleiotropic effects postbiotics, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-cancer properties. Although is attractive strategy for altering microbiome, further study into its efficacy safety warranted.

Language: Английский

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Perturbations in Gut Microbiota Composition in Psychiatric Disorders

JAMA Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 78(12), P. 1343 - 1343

Published: Sept. 15, 2021

Evidence of gut microbiota perturbations has accumulated for multiple psychiatric disorders, with signatures proposed as potential biomarkers. However, no attempts have been made to evaluate the specificity these across range conditions.

Language: Английский

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Gut Microbe to Brain Signaling: What Happens in Vagus…

Neuron, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 101(6), P. 998 - 1002

Published: March 1, 2019

Language: Английский

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The role of inflammation and the gut microbiome in depression and anxiety

Journal of Neuroscience Research, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 97(10), P. 1223 - 1241

Published: May 29, 2019

Abstract The study of the gut microbiome has increasingly revealed an important role in modulating brain function and mental health. In this review, we underscore specific pathways mechanisms by which can promote development disorders such as depression anxiety. First, review involvement stress response immune system activation Then, examine germ‐free murine models used to uncover developing pertinent activity system. We also document multiple stress‐induced inflammation harms ultimately affects health, how probiotic prebiotic treatments have shown be beneficial. Lastly, provide overview microbiome‐derived compounds (short‐chain fatty acids, tryptophan catabolites, microbial pattern recognition) related (vagal nerve fecal microbiota transplants) involved mediating influence Overall, a picture playing facilitating between response, inflammation, depression, anxiety is emerging. Future research needed firmly establish microbiome's causal role, further elucidate microbes possibly develop that improve health through microbiotic targets.

Language: Английский

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A Comprehensive Review on the Role of the Gut Microbiome in Human Neurological Disorders

Clinical Microbiology Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 35(1)

Published: Jan. 5, 2022

The human body is full of an extensive number commensal microbes, consisting bacteria, viruses, and fungi, collectively termed the microbiome. initial acquisition microbiota occurs from both external maternal environments, vast majority them colonize gastrointestinal tract (GIT). These microbial communities play a central role in maturation development immune system, nervous GIT system are also responsible for essential metabolic pathways. Various factors, including host genetic predisposition, environmental lifestyle, diet, antibiotic or nonantibiotic drug use, etc., affect composition gut microbiota. Recent publications have highlighted that imbalance microflora, known as dysbiosis, associated with onset progression neurological disorders. Moreover, characterization microbiome-host cross talk pathways provides insight into novel therapeutic strategies. Novel preclinical clinical research on interventions related to microbiome treating conditions, autism spectrum disorders, Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's epilepsy, stroke, hold significant promise. This review aims present comprehensive overview potential involvement pathogenesis particular emphasis microbe-based therapies and/or diagnostic biomarkers. discusses health benefits administration probiotics, prebiotics, postbiotics, synbiotics fecal transplantation

Language: Английский

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Nutritional psychiatry: Towards improving mental health by what you eat

European Neuropsychopharmacology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 29(12), P. 1321 - 1332

Published: Nov. 14, 2019

Does it matter what we eat for our mental health? Accumulating data suggests that this may indeed be the case and diet nutrition are not only critical human physiology body composition, but also have significant effects on mood wellbeing. While determining factors of health complex, increasing evidence indicates a strong association between poor exacerbation disorders, including anxiety depression, as well other neuropsychiatric conditions. There common beliefs about certain foods supported by solid scientific demonstrating unequivocal link is beginning to emerge. Current epidemiological do provide information causality or underlying mechanisms. Future studies should focus elucidating mechanism. Randomized controlled trials high quality, adequately powered geared towards advancement knowledge from population-based observations personalized nutrition. Here, an overview emerging field nutritional psychiatry, exploring exemplifying importance well-balanced health. We conclude experimental medicine approach mechanistic understanding required which future policies can based.

Language: Английский

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Glutamatergic Signaling Along The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 20(6), P. 1482 - 1482

Published: March 25, 2019

A complex bidirectional communication system exists between the gastrointestinal tract and brain. Initially termed “gut-brain axis” it is now renamed “microbiota-gut-brain considering pivotal role of gut microbiota in maintaining local systemic homeostasis. Different cellular molecular pathways act along this axis strong attention paid to neuroactive molecules (neurotransmitters, i.e., noradrenaline, dopamine, serotonin, gamma aminobutyric acid glutamate metabolites, tryptophan metabolites), sustaining a possible interkingdom eukaryota prokaryota. This review provides description most up-to-date evidence on as neurotransmitter/neuromodulator axis. Modulation glutamatergic receptor activity microbiota-gut-brain may influence (i.e., taste, visceral sensitivity motility) brain functions (stress response, mood behavior) alterations transmission participate pathogenesis disorders. In latter context, we will focus two major disorders, such irritable bowel syndrome inflammatory disease, both characterized by psychiatric co-morbidity. Research area opens possibility target neurotransmission, either pharmacologically or use probiotics producing molecules, therapeutic approach for treatment related

Language: Английский

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Thyroid-Gut-Axis: How Does the Microbiota Influence Thyroid Function?

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 12(6), P. 1769 - 1769

Published: June 12, 2020

A healthy gut microbiota not only has beneficial effects on the activity of immune system, but also thyroid function. Thyroid and intestinal diseases prevalently coexist—Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) Graves’ disease (GD) are most common autoimmune (AITD) often co-occur with Celiac Disease (CD) Non-celiac wheat sensitivity (NCWS). This can be explained by damaged barrier following increase permeability, allowing antigens to pass more easily activate system or cross-react extraintestinal tissues, respectively. Dysbiosis been found in AITDs, reported carcinoma, which an increased number carcinogenic inflammatory bacterial strains were observed. Additionally, composition influence availability essential micronutrients for gland. Iodine, iron, copper crucial hormone synthesis, selenium zinc needed converting T4 T3, vitamin D assists regulating response. Those deficient resulting malfunctioning thyroid. Bariatric surgery lead inadequate absorption these nutrients further implicates changes stimulating (TSH) T3 levels. Supplementation probiotics showed hormones function general. literature research was performed examine interplay between disorders that should considered when treating patients suffering from diseases. Multifactorial therapeutic preventive management strategies could established specifically adjusted patients, depending their bacteria composition. Future well-powered human studies warranted evaluate impact alterations

Language: Английский

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Revisit gut microbiota and its impact on human health and disease

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 27(3), P. 623 - 631

Published: Feb. 1, 2019

Trillions of microbes have evolved with and continue to live on human beings. With the rapid advances in tools technology recent years, new knowledge insight cross-talk between their hosts gained. It is aim this work critically review summarize literature reports role microbiota mechanisms involved progress development major diseases, which include obesity, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), gout, depression arthritis, as well infant health longevity.

Language: Английский

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