Flavonoids in Skin Senescence Prevention and Treatment

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(13), P. 6814 - 6814

Published: June 25, 2021

Skin aging is associated with the accumulation of senescent cells and related to many pathological changes, including decreased protection against pathogens, increased susceptibility irritation, delayed wound healing, cancer susceptibility. Senescent secrete a specific set pro-inflammatory mediators, referred as senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), which can cause profound changes in tissue structure function. Thus, drugs that selectively eliminate (senolytics) or neutralize SASP (senostatics) represent an attractive therapeutic strategy for age-associated skin deterioration. There growing evidence plant-derived compounds (flavonoids) slow down even prevent aging-associated deterioration appearance function by targeting cellular pathways crucial regulating senescence SASP. This review summarizes senostatic senolytic potential flavonoids context preventing aging.

Language: Английский

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Ommochromes in invertebrates: biochemistry and cell biology

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 94(1), P. 156 - 183

Published: July 10, 2018

Ommochromes are widely occurring coloured molecules of invertebrates, arising from tryptophan catabolism through the so-called Tryptophan → Ommochrome pathway. They mainly known to mediate compound eye vision, as well reversible and irreversible colour patterning. might also be involved in cell homeostasis by detoxifying free buffering oxidative stress. These biological functions directly linked their unique chromophore, phenoxazine/phenothiazine system. The most recent reviews on ommochrome biochemistry were published more than 30 years ago, since when new results enzymes pathway, photochemistry antiradical capacities have been obtained. Ommochromasomes organelles where ommochromes synthesised stored. Hence, they play an important role mediating functions. part lysosome-related (LROs) family, which includes other pigmented such vertebrate melanosomes. because only LRO for a recycling process during change has described. Herein, we provide update biochemistry, photoreactivity explain diversity behaviour both vivo vitro. We highlight biochemical techniques, quantum chemistry, metabolomics crystallography, could lead major advances chemical functional characterisation. then focus ommochromasome structure formation drawing parallels with well-characterised melanosomes vertebrates. biochemical, genetic, cellular microscopic tools that applied should information life cycle. propose LRO-based models biogenesis tested future. Using context insect eyes, finally emphasise importance integrated approach understanding ommochromes.

Language: Английский

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The relationship between stress and vitiligo: Evaluating perceived stress and electronic medical record data

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 15(1), P. e0227909 - e0227909

Published: Jan. 27, 2020

Vitiligo is a T-cell mediated skin disorder characterized by progressive loss of color. In individuals genetically predisposed to the disease, various triggers contribute initiation vitiligo. Precipitating factors can stress skin, leading activation and recruitment. Though hereditary are implicated in pathogenesis vitiligo, it unknown whether precipitating, stressful events play role To understand this, we utilized validated perceived scale (PSS) measure this parameter vitiligo patients compared persons without Additionally, probed clinical database, using knowledge linking software called ROCKET, gauge stress-related conditions patient population. From pool an existing hundred with twenty-five age- sex-matched comparison group completed online survey quantify their levels stress. parallel, described specifics disease condition, including affected body sites, extent, duration activity Perceived was significantly higher among those ROCKET analyses suggested signs metabolic-related (i.e., 'stress') preceding development. No correlation found between stage or extent suggesting that elevated may not be consequence pigment alone. The data provide further support for as precipitating factor

Language: Английский

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Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T Cell Therapy for Metastatic Melanoma: Challenges and Road Ahead

Cells, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(6), P. 1450 - 1450

Published: June 9, 2021

Metastatic melanoma is the most aggressive and difficult to treat type of skin cancer, with a survival rate less than 10%. has conventionally been considered very treat; however, recent progress in understanding cellular molecular mechanisms involved tumorigenesis, metastasis immune escape have led introduction new therapies. These include targeted therapy novel immune-based approaches such as checkpoint blockade (ICB), tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), genetically engineered T-lymphocytes chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells. Among these, CAR cell recently made promising strides towards treatment advanced hematological solid cancers. Although might offer hope for patients, it not without its shortcomings, which off-target toxicity, emergence resistance (e.g., due loss), leading eventual relapse. The present review will only describe basic steps metastasis, but also discuss how cells could metastatic melanoma. We outline specific strategies including combination that be used overcome some limitations

Language: Английский

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Melanin Biopolymers in Pharmacology and Medicine—Skin Pigmentation Disorders, Implications for Drug Action, Adverse Effects and Therapy

Pharmaceuticals, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(4), P. 521 - 521

Published: April 18, 2024

Melanins are biopolymeric pigments formed by a multi-step oxidation process of tyrosine in highly specialized cells called melanocytes. Melanin mainly found the skin, iris, hair follicles, and inner ear. The photoprotective properties melanin biopolymers have been linked to their perinuclear localization protect DNA, but ability scavenge metal ions antioxidant has also noted. Interactions between drugs melanins clinical relevance. formation drug–melanin complexes can affect both efficacy pharmacotherapy occurrence adverse effects such as phototoxic reactions discoloration. Because amount type synthesized body is subject multifactorial regulation—determined internal factors genetic predisposition, inflammation, hormonal balance external contact with allergens or exposure UV radiation—different on melanogenesis be observed. These directly influence skin pigmentation disorders, resulting hypopigmentation hyperpigmentation acquired nature. In this review, we will present information melanocyte biology, melanogenesis, pharmacological parameters during pharmacotherapy. addition, types color special emphasis development, symptoms, methods treatment, presented article.

Language: Английский

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Enhancing immunotherapy efficacy with synergistic low-dose radiation in metastatic melanoma: current insights and prospects

Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 44(1)

Published: Jan. 30, 2025

Abstract Recent advances in oncology research have highlighted the promising synergy between low-dose radiation therapy (LDRT) and immunotherapies, with growing evidence highlighting unique benefits of combination. LDRT has emerged as a potent tool for stimulating immune system, triggering systemic antitumor effects by remodeling tumor microenvironment. Notably, demonstrates remarkable efficacy even challenging metastatic sites such liver ( uveal ) brain cutaneous ), particularly advanced melanoma stages. The increasing interest utilizing secondary uveal, mucosal, or melanomas underscores its potential combination various immunotherapies. This comprehensive review traverses journey from laboratory to clinical applications, elucidating LDRT’s immunomodulatory role on microenvironment (TIME) responses. We meticulously examine preclinical ongoing trials, throwing light prospects complementary treatment. Furthermore, we explore challenges associated integration into therapies, addressing crucial factors optimal dosage, fractionation, treatment frequency, other pharmacological agents. Considering low toxicity profile, presents compelling case application across multiple lesions, augmenting response poly-metastatic disease scenarios. convergence disciplines holds immense developing novel radiotherapy-combined modalities, paving way more effective personalized strategies beyond. Moreover, dose-related toxicities immunotherapies may be reduced synergistic amplification LDRT.

Language: Английский

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The physiology of melanin deposition in health and disease

Clinics in Dermatology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 37(5), P. 402 - 417

Published: July 17, 2019

Language: Английский

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Elucidation of Melanogenesis Cascade for Identifying Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Approach of Pigmentary Disorders and Melanoma

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 21(17), P. 6129 - 6129

Published: Aug. 25, 2020

Melanogenesis is the biological and biochemical process of melanin melanosome biosynthesis. Melanin formed by enzymic reactions tyrosinase family proteins that convert tyrosine to form brown-black eumelanin yellow-red pheomelanin within melanosomal compartments in melanocytes, following cascades events interacting with a series autocrine paracrine signals. Fully melanized melanosomes are delivered keratinocytes skin hair. The symbiotic relation melanocyte an associated pool called epidermal unit (EMU). Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) plays vital role development differentiation. MITF regulates expression numerous pigmentation genes for promoting differentiation, as well fundamental maintaining cell homeostasis. Diseases involving alterations EMU show various forms phenotypes. This review introduces four major topics melanogenesis cascade include (1) (2) intracellular trafficking biosynthesis, (3) pigment-type switching, (4) novel therapeutic approach malignant melanoma elucidation cascade.

Language: Английский

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CXCL-10: a new candidate for melanoma therapy?

Cellular Oncology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 43(3), P. 353 - 365

Published: March 23, 2020

Language: Английский

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Cold Atmospheric Plasma and Silymarin Nanoemulsion Activate Autophagy in Human Melanoma Cells

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 21(6), P. 1939 - 1939

Published: March 12, 2020

Autophagy is reported as a survival or death-promoting pathway that highly debatable in different kinds of cancer. Here, we examined the co-effect cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) and silymarin nanoemulsion (SN) treatment on G-361 human melanoma cells via autophagy induction.The temperature pH media, along with cell number, were evaluated. The intracellular glucose level PI3K/mTOR EGFR downstream pathways assessed. Autophagy-related genes, related transcriptional factors, induction estimated using confocal microscopy, flow cytometry, ELISA.CAP increased while its combination SN resulted decrease ATP downregulation PI3K/AKT/mTOR RAS/MEK pathways. Co-treatment blocked paths reduced PI3K (2 times), mTOR (10 (5 HRAS MEK times). CAP co-treated modulates factor expressions (ZKSCAN3, TFEB, FOXO1, CRTC2, CREBBP) specific genes (BECN-1, AMBRA-1, MAP1LC3A, SQSTM) to induction.CAP together activate by activating pathways, expressing autophagy-related transcription factors genes.

Language: Английский

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