bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Aug. 14, 2023
Abstract
Immune
responses
benefit
organismal
fitness
by
clearing
parasites
but
also
exact
costs
associated
with
immunopathology
and
energetic
investment.
Hosts
manage
these
tightly
regulating
the
induction
of
immune
signaling
to
curtail
excessive
restore
homeostasis.
Despite
theoretical
importance
turning
off
response
mitigate
costs,
experimentally
connecting
variation
in
negative
regulation
remains
a
frontier
evolutionary
immunology.
In
this
study,
we
used
doseresponse
approach
manipulate
RNAi-mediated
knockdown
efficiency
cactus
(IκBα),
central
regulator
Toll
pathway
signal
transduction
flour
beetles
(
Tribolium
castaneum
).
By
titrating
activity
along
continuous
gradient,
derived
shape
relationship
between
investment
traits
host
fitness,
including
infection
susceptibility,
lifespan,
fecundity,
body
mass,
gut
Cactus
knock-down
increased
overall
magintude
inducible
delayed
their
resolution
dsRNA
dose-dependent
manner,
promoting
survival
resistance
following
bacterial
infection.
However,
benefits
were
counterbalanced
integrity.
Our
results
allowed
us
move
beyond
qualitative
identification
trade-off
actually
derive
its
functional
form.
This
paves
way
quantitatively
compare
evolution
impact
distinct
regulatory
elements
on
life-history
trade-offs
filling
crucial
gap
our
conceptual
models
network
maintenance
natural
systems.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
120(33)
Published: Aug. 9, 2023
Host
specificity
is
observed
in
gut
symbionts
of
diverse
animal
lineages.
But
how
hosts
maintain
while
rejecting
their
close
relatives
remains
elusive.
We
use
eusocial
bees
and
codiversified
bacteria
to
understand
host
regulation
driving
symbiotic
specificity.
The
cross-inoculation
bumblebee
Gilliamella
induced
higher
prostaglandin
the
honeybee
gut,
promoting
a
pronounced
response
through
immune
deficiency
(IMD)
Toll
pathways.
Gene
silencing
vitamin
C
treatments
indicate
that
reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS),
not
antimicrobial
peptides,
acts
as
effector
inhibiting
non-native
strain.
Quantitative
PCR
RNAi
further
reveal
regulatory
function
IMD
pathways,
which
Relish
dorsal-1
may
regulate
Dual
Oxidase
(
Duox
)
for
ROS
production.
Therefore,
maintains
by
creating
hostile
environment
exotic
bacteria,
differential
its
system,
reflecting
co-opting
existing
machinery
evolved
combat
pathogens.
PLoS Pathogens,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
20(2), P. e1012049 - e1012049
Published: Feb. 26, 2024
Immune
responses
benefit
organismal
fitness
by
clearing
parasites
but
also
exact
costs
associated
with
immunopathology
and
energetic
investment.
Hosts
manage
these
tightly
regulating
the
induction
of
immune
signaling
to
curtail
excessive
restore
homeostasis.
Despite
theoretical
importance
turning
off
response
mitigate
costs,
experimentally
connecting
variation
in
negative
regulation
remains
a
frontier
evolutionary
immunology.
In
this
study,
we
used
dose-response
approach
manipulate
RNAi-mediated
knockdown
efficiency
cactus
(IκBα),
central
regulator
Toll
pathway
signal
transduction
flour
beetles
(Tribolium
castaneum).
By
titrating
activity
across
four
distinct
levels,
derived
shape
relationship
between
investment
traits
host
fitness,
including
infection
susceptibility,
lifespan,
fecundity,
body
mass,
gut
Cactus
knock-down
increased
overall
magnitude
inducible
delayed
their
resolution
dsRNA
dose-dependent
manner,
promoting
survival
resistance
following
bacterial
infection.
However,
benefits
were
counterbalanced
integrity.
Our
results
allowed
us
move
beyond
qualitative
identification
trade-off
actually
derive
its
functional
form.
This
paves
way
quantitatively
compare
evolution
impact
regulatory
elements
on
life-history
trade-offs
filling
crucial
gap
our
conceptual
models
network
maintenance
natural
systems.
PLoS Genetics,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
20(3), P. e1011196 - e1011196
Published: March 11, 2024
Hematophagous
mosquitoes
require
vertebrate
blood
for
their
reproductive
cycles,
making
them
effective
vectors
transmitting
dangerous
human
diseases.
Thus,
high-intensity
metabolism
is
needed
to
support
events
of
female
mosquitoes.
However,
the
regulatory
mechanism
linking
and
reproduction
in
remains
largely
unclear.
In
this
study,
we
found
that
expression
estrogen-related
receptor
(ERR)
,
a
nuclear
receptor,
activated
by
direct
binding
20-hydroxyecdysone
(20E)
ecdysone
(EcR)
response
element
(EcRE)
ERR
promoter
region
during
gonadotropic
cycle
Aedes
aegypti
(named
AaERR).
RNA
interference
(RNAi)
AaERR
led
delayed
development
ovaries.
mRNA
abundance
genes
encoding
key
enzymes
involved
carbohydrate
(CM)—
glucose-6-phosphate
isomerase
(
GPI
)
pyruvate
kinase
PYK
)—was
significantly
decreased
knockdown
mosquitoes,
while
levels
metabolites,
such
as
glycogen,
glucose,
trehalose,
were
elevated.
The
fatty
acid
synthase
FAS
was
notably
downregulated,
lipid
accumulation
reduced
depletion.
Dual
luciferase
reporter
assays
electrophoretic
mobility
shift
(EMSA)
determined
directly
metabolic
genes,
corresponding
AaERR-responsive
motif
these
genes.
Our
results
have
revealed
an
important
role
regulation
mosquito
offer
novel
target
control.
PLoS Genetics,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
19(6), P. e1010782 - e1010782
Published: June 15, 2023
Endocrine
signaling
networks
control
diverse
biological
processes
and
life
history
traits
across
metazoans.
In
both
invertebrate
vertebrate
taxa,
steroid
hormones
regulate
immune
system
function
in
response
to
intrinsic
environmental
stimuli,
such
as
microbial
infection.
The
mechanisms
of
this
endocrine-immune
regulation
are
complex
constitute
an
ongoing
research
endeavor
facilitated
by
genetically
tractable
animal
models.
20-hydroxyecdysone
(20E)
is
the
major
hormone
arthropods,
primarily
studied
for
its
essential
role
mediating
developmental
transitions
metamorphosis;
20E
also
modulates
innate
immunity
a
variety
insect
taxa.
This
review
provides
overview
our
current
understanding
20E-mediated
responses.
prevalence
correlations
between
20E-driven
activation
summarized
range
holometabolous
insects.
Subsequent
discussion
focuses
on
studies
conducted
using
extensive
genetic
resources
available
Drosophila
that
have
begun
reveal
underlying
contexts
development
bacterial
Lastly,
I
propose
directions
future
into
will
advance
knowledge
how
interactive
endocrine
coordinate
animals'
physiological
responses
microbes.
Communications Biology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
7(1)
Published: June 5, 2024
Abstract
Understanding
the
factors
influencing
mosquitoes’
fecundity
and
longevity
is
important
for
designing
better
more
sustainable
vector
control
strategies,
as
these
parameters
can
impact
their
vectorial
capacity.
Here,
we
address
how
mating
affects
midgut
growth
in
Aedes
aegypti
,
what
role
Juvenile
Hormone
(JH)
plays
this
process,
it
impacts
mosquito’s
immune
response
microbiota.
Our
findings
reveal
that
JH
induce
growth.
Additionally,
establishment
of
a
native
bacterial
population
due
to
JH-dependent
suppression
has
reproductive
outcomes.
Specific
downregulation
AMPs
with
an
increase
bacteria
abundance
gut
results
increased
egg
counts
longer
lifespans.
Overall,
provide
evidence
cross-talk
between
response,
epithelial
tissue,
cell
cycle
regulation,
mechanisms
governing
trade-offs
nutrition,
immunity,
reproduction
at
cellular
level
mosquito
gut.
Insects,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
16(3), P. 311 - 311
Published: March 17, 2025
Insects
face
the
constant
challenge
of
balancing
energy
allocation
between
reproduction
and
immune
responses,
both
which
are
highly
energy-demanding
processes.
Immune
challenges
frequently
result
in
decreased
fecundity,
reduced
egg
viability,
delayed
ovarian
development.
Conversely,
heightened
reproductive
activity
often
suppresses
functions.
This
trade-off
has
profound
ecological
evolutionary
consequences,
shaping
insects’
survival,
adaptation,
population
dynamics.
The
intricate
interplay
immunity
insects
is
regulated
by
neuroendocrine
endocrine
systems,
orchestrate
resource
distribution
alongside
other
biological
Key
hormones,
such
as
juvenile
hormone
ecdysteroids,
serve
central
regulators,
influencing
responses
activities.
Additionally,
macromolecules
like
vitellogenin
lipophorin,
primarily
known
for
their
functions
yolk
protein
precursors
lipid
carriers,
play
crucial
roles
pathogen
recognition
transgenerational
priming.
Advancements
molecular
omics
tools
have
unveiled
complexity
these
regulatory
mechanisms,
providing
new
insights
into
how
dynamically
allocate
resources
to
optimize
fitness.
delicate
balance
underscores
critical
strategies
integration
physiological
systems
across
species.
review
synthesizes
from
life
history
theory,
oogenesis,
immunity,
offering
perspectives
on
trade-offs
output
investment.
BMC Microbiology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
25(1)
Published: March 25, 2025
Wolbachia
pipientis
is
an
intracellular
endosymbiotic
bacterium
that
blocks
the
replication
of
several
arboviruses
in
transinfected
Aedes
aegypti
mosquitoes,
yet
its
antiviral
mechanism
remains
unknown.
For
first
time,
we
employed
Nanopore
direct
RNA
sequencing
technology
to
investigate
impact
wAlbB
strain
on
host's
N6-methyladenosine
(m6A)
machinery
and
post-transcriptional
modification
landscape.
Our
study
revealed
infection
elevates
expression
genes
involved
mosquito's
m6A
methyltransferase
complex.
However,
knocking
down
these
m6A-related
did
not
affect
density.
identified
1,392
differentially
modified
DRACH
motifs
mosquito
transcripts,
with
776
showing
increased
616
decreased
levels
due
Wolbachia.
These
sites
were
predominantly
enriched
coding
sequences
3′-untranslated
regions.
Gene
Ontology
analysis
reduced
over-represented
functional
GO
terms
associated
purine
nucleotide
binding
functions
critical
process
m6A.
Differential
gene
data
uncovered
a
total
643
protein-coding
significantly
expressed,
427
downregulated,
216
upregulated.
Several
classical
non-classical
immune-related
amongst
downregulated
DEGs.
Notably,
it
host
factor,
transmembrane
protein
41B
(TMEM41B),
which
required
for
flavivirus
infection,
was
upregulated
methylated
presence
Indeed,
there
strong
correlation
between
being
both
modification,
respectively.
findings
underscore
Wolbachia's
ability
modulate
many
aspects
by
influencing
modifications
expression,
unveils
potential
link
behind
properties.
