Circadian clocks and insulin resistance

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. 75 - 89

Published: Dec. 7, 2018

Language: Английский

---

Japanese Clinical Practice Guideline for Diabetes 2019

Diabetology International, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11(3), P. 165 - 223

Published: July 1, 2020

Language: Английский

---

Circadian rhythms and exercise — re-setting the clock in metabolic disease

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 15(4), P. 197 - 206

Published: Jan. 17, 2019

Language: Английский

---

Japanese Clinical Practice Guideline for Diabetes 2019

Journal of Diabetes Investigation, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11(4), P. 1020 - 1076

Published: July 1, 2020

The current guideline represents the 6th edition of 'Japanese Clinical Practice Guideline for Diabetes' which has been revised every three years since its first appearance in 2004 to promote evidence-based, rational, efficient and consistent clinical practice diabetes. Of note, dramatic progress made recent diabetes research practice, includes approval antidiabetic agents with novel mechanisms action along publication trial results these drugs, diagnostic therapeutic devices, such as continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) sensor augmented pumps (SAP). Again, from large-scale trials Japan, J-DOIT 1 3 JDCP studies, have recently reported. Further, last years, new guidelines lipid blood pressure control released a timely fashion Japan Atherosclerosis Society Japanese Hypertension. Therefore, compiled include not only relevant advances but findings lines evidence that available date. While organized similar those preceding 2016 using same questions (CQs) (Qs) format, each CQ or Q closely reviewed revision further CQs Qs added appropriate use practice. Readers are therefore referred 'Methods developing "Japanese Diabetes 2019"' detailed account development processes involved make effective guideline. It is hoped will prove helpful guide evidence-based medicine (EBM) settings thereby contributing prolongation healthy lifespan improved quality life patients consists general (cited Qs) CQs) followed by explanations. Statements recommendation were developed solely CQs. committee (CGC) members conducted systematic review (SR) several resources develop statement presented strength rated grade. SR support team helped CGC literature retrieval confirm an level articles they obtained. A brief criterion process was shown this We all important necessary judgement Abstract tables constructed recommend They contained PICO (Populations, Interventions, Comparators, Outcomes interest), study design, defined Table 1. also summarized based on 5 items meta-analysis review, randomized controlled grade determined member consideration given certainty overall evidence, balance benefits harms, patient preferences/values, costs (Table 2). Grades B stand strong weak recommendations, respectively. discussed guidelines. Votes taken statement. 75% agreement among eligible required approve strength. Satisfies following items: I. Type (Characterized pancreatic β-cell destruction usually leading absolute insulin deficiency) III. due some other specific mechanism disease Individuals who met above criteria 1–3 be diagnosed acute-onset (autoimmune) type Those 1, 2, 4 2 re-evaluated after interval diagnosis put hold. fulminant such. Some may lead onset ketosis ketoacidosis within about 1–2 weeks. associated pregnancy. Exocrine enzymes, e.g., amylase, lipase, esterase elevated 98% affected individuals. Upper airway gastrointestinal symptoms noted 70% Fulminant linked HLA DRB1*04:05–DQB1*04:01. [Q2-3] How glycemic goal set individual patient? (Figure 5) Glucose levels individuals close normal possible. Achieving maintaining favorable early initiation treatment likely long-term outcomes individuals1. [Q2-4] chronic diabetic complications prevented their progression delayed? management aimed merely at control1 ensuring continued smoking cessation levels, preventing delaying progression2-5. [CQ3-2] Is MNT education registered dieticians effective? effective10, 11 (grade A: 95% agreement). As per target body weight vs total energy intake, patient, his/her intake individually determined. values below primarily intended suggested targets need modified, required, during consultation, patient's weight, parameters. There accumulating determination. For elderly patients, coefficient could larger than actual physical activity prevent them frailty. Conversely, obese loss program, lower activity. In either case, whose widely differs flexibly corresponding coefficients above. Given wide-ranging affecting metabolism protein metabolism, linked, energy-producing nutrients components must assessed validity against condition, well risks including hyperglycemia. Furthermore, safety dietary cuisine culture preferences, ensure implementation MNT. However, there no effectiveness any particular nutrient ratios contribute To diabetes, priority honoring eating habits preferences thus allowing enjoy meals far do defeat purpose medically, while time giving potential diet regimens. Advantage: This Scr-based formula offers convenience renal function estimated test alone. With formula, eGFR fall ± 30% measured GFR (mGFR) patients. Disadvantage: Adjusted average surface area (BSA) (1.73 m2), greater estimation error large small build. overestimated low muscle mass. Secreted nucleated cells, cysteine C thought less influenced mass content. BSA Subjective polyneuropathy characterized as: Findings interest (diabetic neuropathy confirmed if one two met, despite failure meet described above) [Q15-3] What office threshold initiating antihypertensive therapy diabetes? 7, Figure 6) [CQ15-4] controlling <130/80 mmHg hypertension? 7) GDM more 75 g OGTT: ① Fasting value ≥92 mg/dL ② 1-h post-OGTT ≥180 ③ 2-h ≥153 Overt pregnancy met: ≥126 HbA1c ≥6.5% mellitus before Pregnancy unequivocal retinopathy <5.3 mmol/L*4 (<95 mg/dL) PPG <140 Or <120 <7.8 mmol/L (<140 <6.4 (115 [I-CQ-1] relationship between aging impaired tolerance? [I-CQ-2] characteristics elderly? [I-CQ-3] [II-CQ-1] Are employed used adults? [II-CQ-2] susceptible postprandial hyperglycemia? [II-CQ-3] hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS)? [II-CQ-4] hypoglycemia [II-CQ-5] drug-related adverse events? [II-CQ-6] increased incidence atherosclerotic disease? [II-CQ-7] risk mortality compared without? [II-CQ-8] cognitive impairment dementia? [II-CQ-9] psychological states watched [II-CQ-10] function? [III-CQ-1] for? [III-CQ-2] Why [III-CQ-3] screened impairment? [III-CQ-4] [IV-CQ-1] should [IV-CQ-2] Should ophthalmologist assessment retinopathy? [IV-CQ-3] regularly urinary albumin/protein glomerular filtration rates (eGFR)? [IV-CQ-4] cared [IV-CQ-5] infections to? Summary [IV-CQ-6] amenable prevention pneumococcal influenza vaccines? [V-CQ-1] hyperglycemia factor dementia [V-CQ-2] severe [V-CQ-3] tight reducing [VI-CQ-1] decreased ADL, sarcopenia, falls/fractures [VI-CQ-2] frailty [VI-CQ-3] ADL [VI-CQ-4] depression (depression depressive tendency) [VII-CQ-1] inhibiting [VII-CQ-2] [VII-CQ-3] macroangiopathy mortality? [VII-CQ-4] implemented [VII-CQ-5] considerations kept mind determining [VIII-CQ-1] non-elderly patients? [VIII-CQ-2] adequate * term 'ideal weight' section version Guidelines reference Management Elderly 2017, 'target used, instead weight', consistency Chapter Medical nutrition (MNT) English-language version. [VIII-CQ-3] carbohydrate, intakes [VIII-CQ-4] sodium (salt) restriction [VIII-CQ-5] vitamin/fatty acid [VIII-CQ-6] pattern recommended [VIII-CQ-7] inadequate vitamin D/calcium bone mineral density (BMD)? [VIII-CQ-8] undernutrition? [IX-CQ-1] activity/exercise improving control, function, QOL [X-CQ-1] precautions when implementing glucose-lowering [X-CQ-2] sulfonylureas (SUs) cause [X-CQ-3] Does metformin reduce cardiovascular death [X-CQ-4] lactic acidosis [X-CQ-5] oral hypoglycemic SUs metformin, GLP-1 receptor agonists, [X-CQ-6] multi-drug combination falls [XI-CQ-1] [XII-CQ-1] younger [XII-CQ-2] factors [XII-CQ-3] sick days fever, diarrhea, vomiting appetite? [XIII-CQ-1] microangiopathy [XIII-CQ-2] antidyslipidemic [XIV-CQ-1] nursing home institutionalization? [XIV-CQ-2] institutionalized [XV-CQ-1] providing terminal care [Q21-1] determine Various identified model (risk scores) currently being Japanese1-3. Eiichi Araki received honoraria AstraZeneca, Daiichi Sankyo, Kowa, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, MSD, Novo Nordisk, Ono Pharmaceutical Sanofi, subsidies donations Astellas Bayer Yakuhin, Eli Lilly Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim, Novartis Pfizer Sumitomo Dainippon Taisho Takeda Pharmaceutical, belongs endowed departments Terumo. Mitsuhiko Noda Nordisk Teijin Pharma. Hiroshi Noto MSD. Haruhiko Osawa funding Sysmex, Toyama Pharmaceutical. Yukio Tanizawa Seastar, Kyowa Kirin, Pharma Kazuyuki Tobe Kowa Uehara Memorial Foundation Naito Foundation, Asahi Kasei Fuji Chemical Industries Arkray. Narihito Yoshioka Atsushi Goto, Tatsuya Kondo, Hideki Origasa, Akihiko Taguchi nothing declare. Society: Organizational Conflict Interest Co-sponsored seminar: Abbott Diagnostics Medical, Vascular Aegerion Pharmaceuticals, Ajinomoto, AR Brown, Arkray, Arkray Global Business, ASKA Cosmic Corporation, Covidien Eiken Chemical, Eizai, Fujifilm Fukuda Colin, Denshi, Gilead Sciences, Hakubaku, Healthy Network, Hitachi Systems, Horiba, InBody Johnson & Johnson, Kaken Kissei Kotobuki Kracie LifeScan LSI Medience, Medtronic Mochida Mylan EPD, Nikkiso, Becton Dickinson, Nipro, Otsuka Rizap Group, Roche DC Santen Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho, SRL, Terumo, Unex, Welby. Supporting member: Bunkodo, Chugai EA H + Life Science, Tobacco, PHC, Sekisui Shionogi, Tosoh. Research grant: Award system: Sanofi. Funding statement: society work. article does contain studies human animal subjects performed authors. clear emerged multiple meta-analyses data population demonstrate association cancer risk1, 2. 2010, American Association Cancer jointly consensus report cancer3. Experts launched Joint Committee, published 2013, provided recommendations physicians healthcare providers public (including patients)4. Committee second report, Report II 20165. date, number reported risk6, 7. Generally, (mainly variety) colonic, hepatic, pancreatic, breast, endometrial, bladder cancers, reduced prostate cancer. Assumed oncogenesis resistance hyperinsulinemia, inflammation. whether causal remains elucidated. At present, fully clarified. Thus, it preferable maximizing agents, attention warnings package inserts. 'Report II' addressed issue examined impact subsequent diabetes5, demonstrating high-quality available, clarify poorer short-term prognosis without diabetes8, 9. receive aggressive diabetes10 thatpatients 9.0% higher survival rate 9.0%11. Bone quality. former amount tissue, latter various composition structure. Any decrease fracture1. relative proximal femoral fractures 3- 7-fold diabetes2-5. These generally density, fracture disproportionately high. assumed deteriorated accounts apparent 1.3- 2.8-fold diabetes2, 3, 6, although significantly diabetes7. 10 (RCTs) comparing receiving thiazolidinediones (TZDs; rosiglitazone, pioglitazone) demonstrated 1.45-fold TZDs8. 2.23-fold women men reached insulin, DPP-4 inhibitors, SGLT2 inhibitors. post hoc analysis RCTs different increase lumbar vertebra neck alendronate controls9. Pancreas transplantation broadly divided into simultaneous pancreas kidney (SPK), pancreas-after-kidney (PAK), alone (PTA). SPK >80% transplants rest world. Data 361 brain-dead non-heart beating donor transplants, end 2014, 5-year graft 94.9%, 76.0% 91.4%, Islet form tissue involves transplanting islets isolated portal vein recipient. insulin-depleted repeatedly specialist care. While, unlike transplantation, islet allow recipients remain off prolonged periods time, expected frequency mean stabilizing variations. Islets non-heart-beating donors 34 times 18 (male/female, 5/13) modified Edmonton protocol 2007 Japan1. Western improved, resolved, successful engraftment1. improvement challenges University Minnesota protocol, induction immunotherapy antithymocyte globulin (thymoglobulin) anti-TNF-α antibody maintenance low-dose calcineurin inhibitor (tacrolimus) mTOR (sirolimus) anti-metabolic agent (mycofenolate mofetil), secession 8 single donor2. 2012 onwards, resumed part advanced medical program presenting episodes, employing First-class Regenerative Medicine according 'Act Securing Safety Medicine'. Between March 2012, Outcome Intervention Trial (J-DOIT1) investigate non-face-to-face, telephone-based intervention high incident people undergoing health check-ups fiscal year 2006, high-risk (i.e., fasting [IFG]) aged 20–65 allocated group (n = 1,367) self-management 1,240). After completion one-year intervention, up 5.5 way annual questionnaires found significant difference cumulative groups did find (−41%) telephone counselling 6 analyzed site. 'Japan (J-DOIT 2)' interventional address how consultation interruptions measures included encouraging treated family continue treatment/consultation, instructions, assisting treatment/consultations. treatment/consultation 63%, suggesting effective. J-DOIT3, 2,542 hypertension/dyslipidemia 45 69 randomly assigned guideline-consistent (conventional group; targets, <6.9%, 130/80 mmHg, LDL-cholesterol [or <100 history disease]) stringent (intensive <6.2%, 120/75 <80 <70 disease]). median follow-up 8.5 primary endpoints all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction, stroke, coronary/cerebral artery revascularization) 19% intensive group, reduction conventional (P 0.094) 24% adjustment pre-specified factors, 0.042), group1. prospective observational identify diabetes-related comorbidities follow-up. enrolled 6,338 40–74 age participating sites nationwide June November 2009. onset/progression nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy, macroangiopathy, periodontal disease. All events observed course subspecialty working study. registry needs built attempt occur result, provide toward policy. objectives mind, 2015 joint project (JDS) National Center Health Medicine, solicitating participation JDS-accredited facilities. 2018, 51 university facilities participated project, totaling 54,000, whom 1,900 GUIDELINE FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF DIABETES MELLITUS

Language: Английский

---

Impact of circadian disruption on glucose metabolism: implications for type 2 diabetes

Diabetologia, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 63(3), P. 462 - 472

Published: Jan. 8, 2020

The circadian system generates endogenous rhythms of approximately 24 h, the synchronisation which are vital for healthy bodily function. timing many physiological processes, including glucose metabolism, coordinated by system, and disruptions that desynchronise or misalign these can result in adverse health outcomes. In this review, we cover role its disruption metabolism individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. We begin defining then provide an overview regulation metabolism. next discuss impact on control diabetes. Given concurrent high prevalence disruption, understanding mechanisms underlying may aid improving glycaemic control.

Language: Английский

---

Circadian disruption: What do we actually mean?

European Journal of Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 51(1), P. 531 - 550

Published: Nov. 7, 2018

The circadian system regulates physiology and behavior. Acute challenges to the system, such as those experienced when traveling across time zones, will eventually result in re-synchronization local environmental cues, but this is oftentimes accompanied by adverse short-term consequences. When are chronically, adaptation may not be achieved, for example case of rotating night shift workers. transient chronic disturbance most frequently referred "circadian disruption", many other terms have been proposed used refer similar situations. It now beyond doubt that contributes health disease, emphasizing need clear terminology describing their goal review provide an overview describe disruption discuss quantifications experimental observational settings with a focus on human research, highlight limitations currently available tools. For research advance translational science, clear, operationalizable, scalable key, they enable improved assessment reproducibility results, ideally ranging from mechanistic settings, including animal large-scale randomized clinical trials.

Language: Английский

---

The Role of Microbiome in Insomnia, Circadian Disturbance and Depression

Frontiers in Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: Dec. 5, 2018

Good sleep and mood are important for health keeping active. Numerous studies have suggested that the incidence of insomnia depressive disorder linked to biological rhythms, immune function nutrient metabolism, but exact mechanism is not yet clear. There considerable evidence showing gut microbiome only affects digestive, metabolic, functions host also regulates mental states through microbiome-gut-brain axis. Preliminary indicates microorganisms circadian genes can interact with each other. The characteristics gastrointestinal metabolism related host's rhythm. Moreover, emotion physiological stress affect composition microorganisms. inflammation may be loss, misalignment, affective disorders metabolic disease. In this review article, we discuss various how its activities rhythms emotions host. Exploring effects on depression will help further our understanding pathogenesis disorders. It therefore regulate maintain a normal micro-ecological environment in patients when treating

Language: Английский

---

Rotating night shift work and adherence to unhealthy lifestyle in predicting risk of type 2 diabetes: results from two large US cohorts of female nurses

BMJ, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. k4641 - k4641

Published: Nov. 21, 2018

Abstract Objectives To prospectively evaluate the joint association of duration rotating night shift work and lifestyle factors with risk type 2 diabetes risk, to quantitatively decompose this only, their interaction. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting Nurses’ Health Study (1988-2012) II (1991-2013). Participants 143 410 women without diabetes, cardiovascular disease, or cancer at baseline. Exposures Rotating was defined as least three shifts per month in addition day evening that month. Unhealthy lifestyles included current smoking, physical activity levels below 30 minutes moderate vigorous intensity, diet bottom fifths Alternate Healthy Eating Index score, body mass index 25 above. Main outcome measures Incident cases were identified through self report validated by a supplementary questionnaire. Results During 22-24 years follow-up, 10 915 incident occurred. The multivariable adjusted hazard ratios for 1.31 (95% confidence interval 1.19 1.44) five year increment 2.30 (1.88 2.83) unhealthy factor (ever low quality, activity, overweight obesity). For ratio 2.83 (2.15 3.73) significant additive interaction (P <0.001). proportions 17.1% (14.0% 20.8%) alone, 71.2% (66.9% 75.8%) 11.3% (7.3% 17.3%) Conclusions Among female nurses, both associated higher diabetes. excess combined than each individual factor. These findings suggest most could be prevented adhering healthy lifestyle, benefits greater workers.

Language: Английский

---

Disturbance of the Circadian System in Shift Work and Its Health Impact

Journal of Biological Rhythms, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 37(1), P. 3 - 28

Published: Dec. 30, 2021

The various non-standard schedules required of shift workers force abrupt changes in the timing sleep and light-dark exposure. These result disturbances endogenous circadian system its misalignment with environment. Simulated night-shift experiments field-based studies both indicate that is resistant to adaptation from a day- night-oriented schedule, as determined by lack substantial phase shifts over multiple days centrally controlled rhythms, such those melatonin cortisol. There evidence disruption caused work results not only between external cycle, but also state internal desynchronization levels system. This case rhythms central pacemaker clock genes expression tissues peripheral blood mononuclear cells, hair follicle oral mucosa cells. disruptive effects atypical extend beyond profile canonical affects other transcripts human genome. In general, after several living at night, most rhythmic genome remain adjusted day-oriented dampened group amplitudes. contrast transcripts, metabolomics revealed metabolites hours when working nights, thus leading their Altogether, these sleep-wake emphasize all-encompassing impact work, can contribute increased risk medical conditions. Here, we review latest scientific regarding on system, alertness shift-working populations, discuss potential clinical impacts.

Language: Английский

---

Importance of circadian timing for aging and longevity

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: May 17, 2021

Dietary restriction (DR) decreases body weight, improves health, and extends lifespan. DR can be achieved by controlling how much and/or when food is provided, as well adjusting nutritional composition. Because these factors are often combined during DR, it unclear which necessary for beneficial effects. Several drugs have been utilized that target nutrient-sensing gene pathways, many of change expression throughout the day, suggesting timing drug administration critical. Here, we discuss dietary pharmacological interventions promote a healthy lifespan influencing energy intake circadian rhythms.

Language: Английский

---