Interactions between plants and soil shaping the root microbiome under abiotic stress

Biochemical Journal, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 476(19), P. 2705 - 2724

Published: Oct. 11, 2019

Abstract Plants growing in soil develop close associations with microorganisms, which inhabit the areas around, on, and inside their roots. These microbial communities associated genes — collectively termed root microbiome are diverse have been shown to play an important role conferring abiotic stress tolerance plant hosts. In light of concerns over threat water nutrient facing terrestrial ecosystems, especially those used for agricultural production, increased emphasis has placed on understanding how conditions influence composition functioning ultimate consequences health. However, under will not only reflect shifts greater bulk community from plants recruit but also responses stress, include changes exudate profiles morphology. Exploring relative contributions these direct plant-mediated effects focus many studies recent years. Here, we review impacts affecting specifically flooding, drought, nitrogen phosphorus availability, that interact ultimately shape microbiome. We conclude a perspective outlining possible directions future research needed advance our complex molecular biochemical interactions between soil, plants, microbes determine stress.

Language: Английский

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Rhizosphere microbiome: Engineering bacterial competitiveness for enhancing crop production

Journal of Advanced Research, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 24, P. 337 - 352

Published: April 30, 2020

Plants in nature are constantly exposed to a variety of abiotic and biotic stresses which limits their growth production. Enhancing crop yield production feed exponentially growing global population sustainable manner by reduced chemical fertilization agrochemicals will be big challenge. Recently, the targeted application beneficial plant microbiome cocktails counteract stress is gaining momentum becomes an exciting frontier research. Advances next generation sequencing (NGS) platform, gene editing technologies, metagenomics bioinformatics approaches allows us unravel entangled webs interactions holobionts core microbiomes for efficiently deploying increase crops nutrient acquisition resistance stress. In this review, we focused on shaping rhizosphere susceptible host from resistant comprises specific type microbial community with multiple potential benefits CRISPR/Cas9 based strategies manipulation susceptibility genes plants improving health. This review significant providing first-hand information improve fundamental understanding process helps microbiome.

Language: Английский

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Infectious plant diseases: etiology, current status, problems and prospects in plant protection

Acta Naturae, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 12(3), P. 46 - 59

Published: Oct. 27, 2020

In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of diseases caused by bacterial, fungal, and viral infections. Infections affect plants at different stages agricultural production. Depending on weather conditions phytosanitary condition crops, prevalence can reach 7080% total plant population, yield decrease some cases down to 8098%. Plants have innate cellular immunity, but specific phytopathogens ability evade that immunity. This article examined viral, bacterial nature explored concepts modern protection, methods chemical, biological, agrotechnical control, as well used for identifying phytopathogens.

Language: Английский

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CRISPR/Cas Systems in Genome Editing: Methodologies and Tools for sgRNA Design, Off‐Target Evaluation, and Strategies to Mitigate Off‐Target Effects

Advanced Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 7(6)

Published: Feb. 6, 2020

Abstract Life sciences have been revolutionized by genome editing (GE) tools, including zinc finger nucleases, transcription activator‐Like effector and CRISPR (clustered regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeats)/Cas (CRISPR‐associated) systems, which make the targeted modification of genomic DNA all organisms possible. CRISPR/Cas systems are being widely used because their accuracy, efficiency, cost‐effectiveness. Various classes developed, but extensive use may be hindered off‐target effects. Efforts made to reduce effects CRISPR/Cas9 generating various with high fidelity accuracy. Several approaches applied detect evaluate Here, current GE generated technology, types effects, mechanisms major concerns, outcomes in plants animals summarized. The methods tools for single‐guide RNA (sgRNA) design, evaluation prediction strategies increase on‐target efficiency mitigate impact on intended genome‐editing

Language: Английский

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Reduced Enzymatic Browning in Potato Tubers by Specific Editing of a Polyphenol Oxidase Gene via Ribonucleoprotein Complexes Delivery of the CRISPR/Cas9 System

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: Jan. 8, 2020

Polyphenol Oxidases (PPOs) catalyze the conversion of phenolic substrates to quinones, leading formation dark-colored precipitates in fruits and vegetables. This process, known as enzymatic browning, is cause undesirable changes organoleptic properties loss nutritional quality plant-derived products. In potato (Solanum tubersoum L.), PPOs are encoded by a multi-gene family with different expression patterns. Here, we have studied application CRISPR/Cas9 system induce mutations StPPO2 gene tetraploid cultivar Desiree. We hypothesized that specific editing this target would result lower PPO activity tuber consequent reduction browning. Ribonucleoprotein complexes (RNPs), formed two sgRNAs Cas9 nuclease, were transfected protoplasts. Up 68% regenerated plants contained at least one allele gene, while 24% edited lines carried all four alleles. No off-target identified other analyzed StPPO genes. Mutations induced alleles led up 69% 73% compared control. Our results demonstrate can be applied develop varieties reduced browning tubers, single member family.

Language: Английский

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A Review of the Most Common and Economically Important Diseases That Undermine the Cultivation of Tomato Crop in the Mediterranean Basin

Agronomy, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(11), P. 2188 - 2188

Published: Oct. 29, 2021

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), family Solanaceae, has become in the past fifty years one of most important and extensively grown horticultural crops Mediterranean region throughout world. In 2019, more than 180 million tonnes tomato have been produced worldwide, out which around 42 countries. Due to its genetic properties, is afflicted by numerous plant diseases induced fungal, bacterial, phytoplasma, virus, viroid pathogens. Not only inheritance great importance management pathogens, but equally as are also present climate changes, recently revised phytopathological control measures, globalization seed industry. Thus, recognition symptoms knowledge distribution spread disease methods for early detection pathogens major prerequisites a successful disease. this review, we will describe main area that impact mostly yield provide current perspective measures necessary their management.

Language: Английский

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CRISPR technology is revolutionizing the improvement of tomato and other fruit crops

Horticulture Research, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 6(1)

Published: June 14, 2019

Fruits are major sources of essential nutrients and serve as staple foods in some areas the world. The increasing human population changes climate experienced worldwide make it urgent to production fruit crops with high yield enhanced adaptation environment, for which conventional breeding is unlikely meet demand. Fortunately, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) technology paves way toward a new horizon crop improvement consequently revolutionizes plant breeding. In this review, mechanism optimization CRISPR system its application crops, including resistance biotic abiotic stresses, quality improvement, domestication highlighted. Controversies future perspectives discussed well.

Language: Английский

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The potential of genomics for restoring ecosystems and biodiversity

Nature Reviews Genetics, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 20(10), P. 615 - 628

Published: July 12, 2019

Language: Английский

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Are we there yet? The long walk towards the development of efficient symbiotic associations between nitrogen-fixing bacteria and non-leguminous crops

BMC Biology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 17(1)

Published: Dec. 1, 2019

Nitrogen is an essential element of life, and nitrogen availability often limits crop yields. Since the Green Revolution, massive amounts synthetic fertilizers have been produced from atmospheric natural gas, threatening sustainability global food production degrading environment. There a need for alternative means bringing to crops, taking greater advantage biological fixation seems logical option. Legumes are used in most cropping systems around world because nitrogen-fixing symbiosis with rhizobia. However, world's three major cereal crops-rice, wheat, maize-do not associate In this review, we will survey how genetic approaches rhizobia their legume hosts allowed tremendous progress understanding molecular mechanisms controlling root nodule symbioses, knowledge paves way engineering such associations non-legume crops. We also discuss challenges these into field they can be surmounted by interdisciplinary collaborations between biologists, microbiologists, plant breeders, agronomists, policymakers.

Language: Английский

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Recent advances in the CRISPR genome editing tool set

Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 51(11), P. 1 - 11

Published: Nov. 1, 2019

Abstract Genome editing took a dramatic turn with the development of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-CRISPR-associated proteins (Cas) system. The CRISPR-Cas system is functionally divided into classes 1 and 2 according to composition effector genes. Class consists single nuclease, routine practice genome has been achieved by system, which includes type II, V, VI systems. Types II V can be used for DNA editing, while employed RNA editing. CRISPR techniques induce both qualitative quantitative alterations in gene expression via double-stranded breakage (DSB) repair pathway, base transposase-dependent integration, regulation using CRISPR-dCas or Despite significant technical improvements, challenges should further addressed, including insufficient indel HDR efficiency, off-target activity, large size Cas, PAM restrictions, immune responses. If sophisticatedly refined, technology will harness process rewriting, potential applications therapeutics, diagnostics, biotechnology.

Language: Английский

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