The Role of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor as an Essential Mediator in Neuronal Functions and the Therapeutic Potential of Its Mimetics for Neuroprotection in Neurologic and Psychiatric Disorders

Molecules, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 30(4), P. 848 - 848

Published: Feb. 12, 2025

Among neurotrophins, including nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic (BDNF), neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), and neurotrophin-4 (NT-4/5), BDNF has been extensively studied for its physiological role in cell survival synaptic regulation the central nervous system's (CNS's) neurons. binds to TrkB (a tyrosine kinase) with high affinity, resulting downstream intracellular signaling cascades play crucial roles determining fate, neuronal differentiation maturation of CNS It well demonstrated that downregulation/dysregulation BDNF/TrkB system is implicated pathogenesis neurologic psychiatric disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) depression. Interestingly, effects mimetic compounds flavonoids, small molecules which can activate TrkB-mediated signaling, have investigated potential therapeutic strategies brain diseases, given p75NTR, a common neurotrophin receptor, also contributes death under variety pathological conditions neurodegeneration. Since downregulation associated pathophysiology neurodegenerative diseases understanding how alterations contribute progression could provide valuable insight prevention these diseases. The present review shows recent advances molecular mechanisms underlying plasticity, providing critical insights into impact mimetics

Language: Английский

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THC and CBD: Villain versus Hero? Insights into Adolescent Exposure

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(6), P. 5251 - 5251

Published: March 9, 2023

Cannabis is the most used drug of abuse worldwide. It well established that abundant phytocannabinoids in this plant are Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). These two compounds have remarkably similar chemical structures yet vastly different effects brain. By binding to same receptors, THC psychoactive, while CBD has anxiolytic antipsychotic properties. Lately, a variety hemp-based products, including THC, become widely available food health industry, medical recreational use cannabis been legalized many states/countries. As result, people, youths, consuming because it considered “safe”. An extensive literature exists evaluating harmful both adults adolescents, but little known about long-term exposure, especially adolescence. The aim review collect preclinical clinical evidence cannabidiol.

Language: Английский

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Unhealthy behaviors associated with mental health disorders: a systematic comparative review of diet quality, sedentary behavior, and cannabis and tobacco use

Frontiers in Public Health, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Jan. 5, 2024

Background There are well-established literatures documenting the associations between mental disorders and unhealthy behaviors such as poor diet quality, sedentary behavior, cannabis tobacco use. Few studies have attempted to understand respective findings in light of each other, however. Objective The purpose this review was assemble comparable data for behavior-disorder association assess terms their overall strength. aimed include a representative, but not exhaustive, range that would allow explorative comparisons. Methods Eligible were identified via Pubmed searches citation searching, restricted publications no older than 2015 written English. To obtain data, only reported odds ratios included, risk bias related study samples, behavioral measurement disparities, control variables assessed sensitivity analyses. Findings disorder compared on basis different measures central tendency. Results From 3,682 records, 294 included. found evidence four psychosis, depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity (ADHD), post-traumatic stress (PTSD), while personality investigated relation In comparison, generally similar strength, use exceptional being significantly stronger its counterparts across behaviors. Analyses some influence from disparities lack adequate statistical control, robust Conclusion This comparative about equally strongly associated with disorders. Given general nature these associations, we should probably them reflect shared etiology. However, be regarded tentative until confirmed by more comprehensive investigations.

Language: Английский

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Modulation of Endocannabinoid System Components in Depression: Pre-Clinical and Clinical Evidence

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(10), P. 5526 - 5526

Published: May 15, 2022

Depression is characterized by continuous low mood and loss of interest or pleasure in enjoyable activities. First-line medications for disorders mostly target the monoaminergic system; however, many patients do not find relief with these medications, those who suffer from negative side effects a discouragingly rate remission. Studies suggest that endocannabinoid system (ECS) may be involved etiology depression targeting ECS has potential to alleviate depression. components (such as receptors, ligands, degrading enzymes) are key neuromodulators motivation cognition well regulation stress emotions. depressed animal models have reported deficits components, which motivating researchers identify diagnostic therapeutic biomarkers within ECS. By understanding cannabinoids on depression, we enhance our brain targets they hit, what biological processes alter, eventually how use this information design better options. In article, discuss literature specific depression-like behaviors phenotypes rodents then describe findings patients. A direct future research efforts diagnosis treatment.

Language: Английский

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Molecular Alterations of the Endocannabinoid System in Psychiatric Disorders

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(9), P. 4764 - 4764

Published: April 26, 2022

The therapeutic benefits of the current medications for patients with psychiatric disorders contrast a great variety adverse effects. endocannabinoid system (ECS) components have gained high interest as potential new targets treating psychiatry diseases because their neuromodulator role, which is essential to understanding regulation many brain functions. This article reviewed molecular alterations in ECS occurring different conditions. methods used identify were also described. We translational approach. animal models reproducing some behavioral and/or neurochemical aspects and clinical studies post-mortem tissue or peripheral tissues analyzed. most relevant changes prevalent such mood disorders, schizophrenia, autism, attentional deficit, eating (ED), addiction. review concludes that research are urgently needed two purposes: (1) To potentially useful biomarkers relating specific disease condition, (2) design based on found improve pharmacological treatment psychiatry.

Language: Английский

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Understanding youth and young adult cannabis use in Canada post-legalization: a scoping review on a public health issue

Substance Abuse Treatment Prevention and Policy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 19(1)

Published: June 17, 2024

Abstract Background Canada legalized recreational cannabis in 2018, and one of the primary objectives Cannabis Act was to protect youth by reducing their access providing public education. has highest prevalence use worldwide, particularly among young adults under age 25. is linked with many adverse effects for including psychosis, anxiety, depression, respiratory distress, cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome, impaired cognitive performance. Despite high evolution policies globally, significant knowledge research gaps remain regarding adult use. The aim this scoping review map extent, nature, range evidence available on since its legalization, order strengthen policies, services, treatments, training, education strategies. Methods Using a framework developed Arksey O’Malley, along PRISMA-ScR guidelines, we conducted rigorous search five academic databases: MEDLINE, Embase, APA PsycINFO, CINAHL Web Science Core Collection. We included empirical studies that collected data after legalization (October 2018) focused or < 30. Two reviewers independently screened articles two stages extracted relevant information from meeting inclusion criteria. Results Of 47 our criteria, 92% used quantitative methods, 6% were qualitative, 2% mixed-methods approach. Over two-thirds (68%) secondary data. These categorized into six focus areas: (1) prevalence, patterns, trends, (2) cannabis-related injuries emergency department (ED) visits, (3) rates patterns during pandemic, (4) perceptions use, (5) prevention tools, (6) offenses. Key findings reviewed include an increase 18-24-year-olds post-legalization, mixed results 18. ED visits intentional unintentional have increased children teens. Perception show mix concern normalization Though limited, are promising raising awareness. A decline offenses noted study. highlights several gaps, need more qualitative data, disaggregation demographic intervention research, comprehensive physical mental health impacts adults. Conclusion Maintaining approach critical, This involves implementing strategies minimize harms, enhancing education, minimizing commercialization, cannabis, promoting guidelines lower-risk harm reduction strategies, increasing training healthcare providers.

Language: Английский

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Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) Task Force Report: A Systematic Review and Recommendations of Cannabis use in Bipolar Disorder and Major Depressive Disorder

The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 68(5), P. 299 - 311

Published: June 16, 2022

Background Given the increasing acceptability and legalization of cannabis in some jurisdictions, clinicians need to improve their understanding effect use on mood disorders. Objective The purpose this task force report is examine association between incidence, presentation, course treatment bipolar disorder major depressive disorder, comorbid disorder. Methods We conducted a systematic literature review using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, searching PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL Cochrane Central Register Controlled Trials from inception October 2020 focusing or Grading Recommendations, Assessment, Development Evaluations (GRADE) approach was used evaluate quality evidence clinical considerations were integrated generate Canadian Network Mood Anxiety Treatments recommendations. Results Of 12,691 publications, 56 met criteria: 23 21 11 both diagnoses 1 2,479,640 participants, 12,502 comparison 73,891 had 408,223 without use. those with use, 2,761 5,044 lifetime prevalence 52%–71% 6%–50% respectively. Cannabis associated worsening symptoms disorders, more consistent associations than disorder: increased severity depressive, manic psychotic suicidality decreased functioning Treatment did not show significant results. Conclusion data indicate that worsened Future studies should include accurate determinations type, amount frequency select groups which allow control underlying common factors.

Language: Английский

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Cannabis use and binge eating: Examining the relationship between cannabis use and clinical severity among adults with binge eating.

Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 32(4), P. 392 - 397

Published: Jan. 18, 2024

Cannabis use is prevalent among individuals with binge eating (BE; i.e., the inability to control behavior). Yet, only two studies date (both over 20 years old) have tested if cannabis relates clinical severity BE samples. Characterizing relationship between use, disorder (ED) severity, and other psychiatric symptoms in samples necessary for informing screening recommendations. The present study characterized adults between-group within-group relationships symptoms, alcohol consumption depression symptoms. Participants (

Language: Английский

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Risk and protective factors of asthma and mental health condition multimorbidity in a national sample of Canadian children

Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 35(8)

Published: Aug. 1, 2024

Abstract Background The coexistence of childhood asthma and mental health (MH) conditions can impact management outcomes but we need to better understand the etiology multimorbidity. We investigated association between MH as well determinants their coexistence. Methods used data from Canadian Health Survey Children Youth 2019 (3–17 years; n = 47,871), a cross‐sectional, nationally representative Statistics Canada dataset. Our primary outcome was condition status (no or condition; only; both asthma, (AMHM)). Predictors were assessed using multiple multinomial logistic regression. Sensitivity analyses considered individual conditions. Results prevalence almost two‐fold higher among those with than without (21.1% vs. 11.6%, respectively). There increased risks each category associated having allergies, other chronic conditions, family members smoking in home while there protective associations for being female born outside Canada. Four additional variables AMHM presence one variable asthma. In sensitivity analyses, tended be similar most characteristics, although some variability. Conclusion are common risk factors along multimorbidity tendency is important assess children

Language: Английский

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The association between cannabis and depression: an updated Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Psychological Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 55

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Abstract Background Cannabis is one of the most commonly used drugs globally, although its legal status varies across regions. Public support for decriminalization has increased, but gaps in our understanding health consequences cannabis use remain, particularly related to impact on mental health. This article provides an updated systematic review and meta-analysis (previous being Lev-Ran et al., 2014) looking at relationship between depression. Methods Literature available before March 2023 was screened longitudinal studies that included Cross-sectional those only special populations were excluded. Studies must have also controlled depression baseline allow investigation a temporal relationship. Extracted data measures, outcomes, adjusted odds ratios, study settings. Meta-analysis employed random effects model with multilevel meta-regression effect size moderators. Results The search yielded 1,599 titles from various databases, resulting 22 meta-analysis, including 14 al. Eleven US-based, participants mostly under 18. showed higher risk among users (OR: 1.29, 95% CI: 1.13–1.46). Risk bias assessment medium exposure measurement key area. funnel plot Egger’s Sandwich test did not suggest publication bias. Conclusions underscores association emphasizes need further research, especially usage patterns, heavy definitions, long-term amidst changing trends.

Language: Английский

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