SARS-CoV-2 infection in free-ranging white-tailed deer

Nature, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 602(7897), P. 481 - 486

Published: Dec. 23, 2021

Language: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 in animals: potential for unknown reservoir hosts and public health implications

Veterinary Quarterly, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 41(1), P. 181 - 201

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, previously 2019-nCoV) is suspected of having originated in 2019 China from a infected bat the genus Rhinolophus. Following initial emergence, possibly facilitated by mammalian bridge host, SARS-CoV-2 currently transmitted across globe via efficient human-to-human transmission. Results obtained experimental studies indicate that animal species such as cats, ferrets, raccoon dogs, cynomolgus macaques, rhesus white-tailed deer, rabbits, Egyptian fruit bats, and Syrian hamsters are susceptible to infection, cat-to-cat ferret-to-ferret transmission can take place contact air. However, natural infections have been reported only pet dogs tigers, lions, snow leopards, pumas, gorillas at zoos, farmed mink ferrets. Even though human-to-animal spillover has several instances, animals-to-humans mink-to-humans farms. rapid within population, new mink-associated variant emerged was identified both humans mink. The increasing reports carnivores higher susceptibility belonging this order. sporadic infection domestic wild require further investigation determine if or related Betacoronaviruses get established kept, feral populations, which may eventually act viral reservoirs. This review analyzes current evidence their possible implications on public health.

Language: Английский

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Assessing the risks of SARS-CoV-2 in wildlife

One Health Outlook, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 3(1)

Published: April 6, 2021

The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 likely emerged from a wildlife source with transmission to humans followed by rapid geographic spread throughout the globe and severe impacts on both human health global economy. Since onset of pandemic, there have been many instances human-to-animal involving companion, farmed zoo animals, limited evidence for into free-living wildlife. establishment reservoirs infection in wild animals would create significant challenges control could pose threat welfare conservation status We discuss potential exposure, onward persistence an initial selection mammals (bats, canids, felids, mustelids, great apes, rodents cervids). Dynamic risk assessment targeted surveillance are important tools early detection wildlife, here we describe framework collating synthesising emerging information inform Surveillance efforts should be integrated public veterinary initiatives provide insights role epidemiology SARS-CoV-2.

Language: Английский

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White-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus ) may serve as a wildlife reservoir for nearly extinct SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 120(6)

Published: Jan. 31, 2023

The spillover of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) from humans to white-tailed deer (WTD) and its ability transmit raised concerns about the role WTD in epidemiology ecology virus. Here, we present a comprehensive cross-sectional study assessing prevalence, genetic diversity, evolution SARS-CoV-2 State New York (NY). A total 5,462 retropharyngeal lymph node samples collected free-ranging hunter-harvested during hunting seasons 2020 (Season 1, September December 2020, n = 2,700) 2021 2, 2021, 2,762) were tested by real-time RT–PCR (rRT-PCR). RNA was detected 17 (0.6%) Season 1 583 (21.1%) 2. Hotspots infection identified multiple confined geographic areas NY. Sequence analysis genomes 164 demonstrated presence lineages cocirculation three major variants concern (VOCs) (Alpha, Gamma, Delta) WTD. Our suggests occurrence events (human deer) Alpha Delta with subsequent deer-to-deer transmission adaptation viruses. Detection Gamma long after their broad circulation NY that may serve as wildlife reservoir for VOCs no longer circulating humans. Thus, implementation continuous surveillance programs monitor dynamics is warranted, measures minimize virus between animals are urgently needed.

Language: Английский

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SARS‐CoV‐2 in animals: susceptibility of animal species, risk for animal and public health, monitoring, prevention and control

EFSA Journal, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2023

Abstract The epidemiological situation of SARS-CoV-2 in humans and animals is continually evolving. To date, animal species known to transmit are American mink, raccoon dog, cat, ferret, hamster, house mouse, Egyptian fruit bat, deer mouse white-tailed deer. Among farmed animals, mink have the highest likelihood become infected from or further SARS-CoV-2. In EU, 44 outbreaks were reported 2021 farms seven MSs, while only six 2022 two thus representing a decreasing trend. introduction into usually via humans; this can be controlled by systematically testing people entering adequate biosecurity. current most appropriate monitoring approach for outbreak confirmation based on suspicion, dead clinically sick case increased mortality positive farm personnel genomic surveillance virus variants. analysis showed mink-specific clusters with potential spill back human population. companion cats, ferrets hamsters those at risk infection, which likely originates an human, has no very low impact circulation wild (including zoo animals), mostly carnivores, great apes been naturally cases wildlife so far. Proper disposal waste advised reduce risks spill-over wildlife. Furthermore, contact wildlife, especially if dead, should minimised. No specific recommended apart hunter-harvested clinical signs found-dead. Bats monitored as natural host many coronaviruses.

Language: Английский

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Role of Spillover and Spillback in SARS-CoV-2 Transmission and the Importance of One Health in Understanding the Dynamics of the COVID-19 Pandemic

Journal of Clinical Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 61(7)

Published: April 26, 2023

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is notable both for its impact on global public health as well well-publicized transmissibility to other species of animals. Infection incidental animal hosts concerning because possible emergence novel variants due viral mutation. Species that are susceptible SARS-CoV-2 include domestic and nondomestic cats, dogs, white-tailed deer, mink, golden hamsters, among others. We detail origins transmission humans, the ecological molecular mechanisms needed virus establish infection in humans from highlight examples spillover, spillback, secondary demonstrating breadth variability current events have been documented domestic, captive, wild Lastly, we turn our focus importance potential reservoirs sources variant can profound effects human population. note a One Health approach emphasizing surveillance animals certain environments using interdisciplinary collaboration encouraged manage disease surveillance, regulation trade testing, vaccine development will mitigate further outbreaks. These efforts minimize spread advance knowledge prevent future emerging infectious diseases.

Language: Английский

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Widespread exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in wildlife communities

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: July 29, 2024

Pervasive SARS-CoV-2 infections in humans have led to multiple transmission events animals. While has a potential broad wildlife host range, most documented been captive animals and single species, the white-tailed deer. The full extent of exposure among communities factors that influence risk remain unknown. We sampled 23 species for examined effects urbanization human use on seropositivity. Here, we document positive detections RNA six including deer mouse, Virginia opossum, raccoon, groundhog, Eastern cottontail, red bat between May 2022-September 2023 across Washington, D.C., USA. In addition, found sites with high activity had three times higher seroprevalence than low human-use areas. obtained genomic sequences from nine individuals which were assigned seven Pango lineages Omicron variant. close match variants circulating at time suggests least recent human-to-animal events. Our data support widespread areas may serve as points contact cross-species transmission.

Language: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 Omicron (B.1.1.529) Infection of Wild White-Tailed Deer in New York City

Viruses, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(12), P. 2770 - 2770

Published: Dec. 12, 2022

There is mounting evidence of SARS-CoV-2 spillover from humans into many domestic, companion, and wild animal species. Research indicates that have infected white-tailed deer, deer-to-deer transmission has occurred, indicating deer could be a wildlife reservoir source novel variants. We examined the hypothesis Omicron variant actively asymptomatically infecting free-ranging New York City. Between December 2021 February 2022, 155 on Staten Island, York, were anesthetized for gross abnormalities illnesses. Paired nasopharyngeal swabs blood samples collected analyzed presence RNA antibodies. Of 135 serum samples, 19 (14.1%) indicated exposure, 11 reacted most strongly to wild-type B.1 lineage. 71 swabs, 8 positive (4 4 Delta). Two animals had active infections robust neutralizing antibodies, revealing reinfection or early seroconversion in deer. Variants concern continue circulate among may reinfect US populations, establish enzootic cycles wild: this warrants coordinated One Health response, proactively surveil, identify, curtail variants before they can spill back humans.

Language: Английский

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Effects of Spike Mutations in SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern on Human or Animal ACE2-Mediated Virus Entry and Neutralization

Microbiology Spectrum, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(3)

Published: May 31, 2022

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a zoonotic agent capable of infecting humans and wide range animal species. Over the duration pandemic, mutations in SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein have arisen, culminating spread several variants concern (VOCs) with various degrees altered virulence, transmissibility, neutralizing antibody escape. In this study, we used pseudoviruses that express specific S substitutions cell lines angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2) from nine different species to gain insights into effects VOC on viral entry neutralization capability. All ACE2 receptors tested, except mink, support for expressing ancestral prototype at levels comparable human ACE2. Most single did not significantly change virus entry, although 614G 484K resulted decreased efficiency. Conversely, combinatorial were associated increased pseudoviruses. Neutralizing titers sera reduced against proteins Beta, Delta, or Omicron VOCs compared parental protein. Especially, variant sera. This study reveals important host effect recently emergent replication, antibody-mediated neutralization.

Language: Английский

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Perspectives on SARS-CoV-2 Cases in Zoological Institutions

Veterinary Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11(2), P. 78 - 78

Published: Feb. 7, 2024

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections in a zoological institution were initially reported March 2020. Since then, at least 94 peer-reviewed cases have been zoos worldwide. Among the affected animals, nonhuman primates, carnivores, and artiodactyls appear to be most susceptible infection, with Felidae family accounting for largest number of cases. Clinical symptoms tend mild across taxa; although, certain species exhibit increased susceptibility disease. A variety diagnostic tools are available, allowing initial diagnostics monitoring infectious risk. Whilst supportive therapy proves sufficient cases, monoclonal antibody has emerged as promising additional treatment option. Effective transmission SARS-CoV-2 some raises concerns over potential spillover formation reservoirs. The occurrence animal may contribute emergence variants concern due altered viral evolutionary constraints. Consequently, this review emphasizes need effective biosecurity measures surveillance strategies prevent control institutions.

Language: Английский

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