A Comprehensive Review on the Role of the Gut Microbiome in Human Neurological Disorders

Clinical Microbiology Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 35(1)

Published: Jan. 5, 2022

The human body is full of an extensive number commensal microbes, consisting bacteria, viruses, and fungi, collectively termed the microbiome. initial acquisition microbiota occurs from both external maternal environments, vast majority them colonize gastrointestinal tract (GIT). These microbial communities play a central role in maturation development immune system, nervous GIT system are also responsible for essential metabolic pathways. Various factors, including host genetic predisposition, environmental lifestyle, diet, antibiotic or nonantibiotic drug use, etc., affect composition gut microbiota. Recent publications have highlighted that imbalance microflora, known as dysbiosis, associated with onset progression neurological disorders. Moreover, characterization microbiome-host cross talk pathways provides insight into novel therapeutic strategies. Novel preclinical clinical research on interventions related to microbiome treating conditions, autism spectrum disorders, Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's epilepsy, stroke, hold significant promise. This review aims present comprehensive overview potential involvement pathogenesis particular emphasis microbe-based therapies and/or diagnostic biomarkers. discusses health benefits administration probiotics, prebiotics, postbiotics, synbiotics fecal transplantation

Language: Английский

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Microbiota and the gut-brain-axis: Implications for new therapeutic design in the CNS

EBioMedicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 77, P. 103908 - 103908

Published: March 1, 2022

The recent revelation that the gut microbiome, home to approximately 100 trillion microorganisms, is implicated in development of both health and disease has spurred an exponential increase interdisciplinary research involving microbiology. In all this hype, there a need better understand contextualize emerging evidence for role microbiota neurodegenerative neurodevelopmental diseases, including central nervous system (CNS) malignancies. review, we aim unravel complex interactions microbiota-gut-brain-axis pave understanding microbiota-mediated pathogenesis, avenues noninvasive prognosis, therapeutic possibilities leveraging modulations. We further provide insights ongoing transition from bench bedside discuss limitations current approaches. Ultimately, urge continued synergistic models with considerable consideration many gut-resident bacteria will enable significant progress treatment neurological diseases.

Language: Английский

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Microbiota in neuroinflammation and synaptic dysfunction: a focus on Alzheimer’s disease

Molecular Neurodegeneration, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 17(1)

Published: March 5, 2022

The implication of gut microbiota in the control brain functions health and disease is a novel, currently emerging concept. Accumulating data suggest that exert its action at least part by modulating neuroinflammation. Given link between neuroinflammatory changes neuronal activity, it plausible may affect indirectly impacting microglia, key player Indeed, increasing evidence suggests interplay microglia synaptic dysfunction involve microbiota, among other factors. In addition to these indirect microglia-dependent actions on has been recently recognized could also activity directly stimulation vagus nerve.

Language: Английский

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Microbiota-derived metabolite Indoles induced aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation and inhibited neuroinflammation in APP/PS1 mice

Brain Behavior and Immunity, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 106, P. 76 - 88

Published: Aug. 10, 2022

Gut microbiota alterations might affect the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) through microbiota-derived metabolites. For example, Indoles via tryptophan metabolism prevented Aβ accumulation and Tau hyperphosphorylation, restored synaptic plasticity, then promoted cognitive behavioral ability APP/PS1 mice. The imbalanced compositions Indoles-producing bacteria with deficiency were found in male mice, but molecular mechanisms remained unclear. Our current study revealed that (including indole, indole-3-acetic acid indole-3-propionic acid) upregulated production aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), inhibited activation NF-κB signal pathway as well formation NLRP3 inflammasome, reduced release inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β IL-18, alleviating response These findings demonstrated roles activating AhR to regulate neuroinflammation AD gut Indoles, which implied a novel way for treatment.

Language: Английский

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The gut microbiome and mental health: advances in research and emerging priorities

Molecular Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 27(4), P. 1908 - 1919

Published: March 2, 2022

Language: Английский

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Impact of the mother's gut microbiota on infant microbiome and brain development

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 150, P. 105195 - 105195

Published: April 24, 2023

Language: Английский

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Gut microbiota-driven metabolic alterations reveal gut–brain communication in Alzheimer’s disease model mice

Gut Microbes, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: Jan. 23, 2024

The gut microbiota (GM) and its metabolites affect the host nervous system are involved in pathogeneses of various neurological diseases. However, specific GM alterations under pathogenetic pressure their contributions to "microbiota – metabolite brain axis" Alzheimer's disease (AD) remain unclear. Here, we investigated fecal, serum, cortical metabolomes APP/PS1 wild-type (WT) mice, revealing distinct hub bacteria AD mice within scale-free networks shared by both groups. Moreover, identified diverse peripheral central metabolic landscapes between WT that featured bile acids (e.g. deoxycholic isodeoxycholic acid) unsaturated fatty 11Z-eicosenoic palmitoleic acid). Machine-learning models revealed relationships differential/hub these signatures from periphery brain. Notably, AD-enriched Dubosiella affected occurrence via acid vice versa. Considering transgenic background propose enrichment impedes progression synthesis acid, which has protective properties against inflammation disorders. We another association involving fecal acid-mediated interactions Erysipelatoclostridium occurrence, was corroborated correlation deoxycholate levels cognitive scores humans. Overall, this study elucidated network alterations, landscapes, mediatory roles thus critical pathogenesis communications pressure.

Language: Английский

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Implications of microbe-derived ɣ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in gut and brain barrier integrity and GABAergic signaling in Alzheimer’s disease

Gut Microbes, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: July 15, 2024

The gut microbial ecosystem communicates bidirectionally with the brain in what is known as gut-microbiome-brain axis. Bidirectional signaling occurs through several pathways including via vagus nerve, circulation of metabolites, and immune activation. Alterations microbiota are implicated Alzheimer's disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disease. Perturbations communities may affect within axis altered production metabolites ɣ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), primary inhibitory mammalian neurotransmitter. GABA has been shown to act on integrity modulation mucins tight junction proteins be involved nerve signal inhibition. GABAergic pathway dysregulated AD, responsive interventions. Gut recent interest neurological disorders, AD. Bacteroides Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB), Lactobacillus, predominant producers GABA. This review highlights how temporal alterations associated AD pathway, intestinal barrier integrity, AD-associated inflammation.

Language: Английский

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Anthocyanins in Chronic Diseases: The Power of Purple

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(10), P. 2161 - 2161

Published: May 23, 2022

Anthocyanins are mainly purple-coloured phenolic compounds of plant origin that as secondary metabolites important in survival. Understanding their health benefits humans requires sourcing these unstable sufficient quantities at a reasonable cost, which has led to improved methods extraction. Dark-coloured fruits, cereals and vegetables current sources compounds. The range potential sustainable is much larger includes non-commercialised native plants from around the world agri-waste containing anthocyanins. In last 5 years, there have been significant advances developing therapeutic anthocyanins chronic human diseases. exert beneficial effects through improvements gut microbiota, oxidative stress inflammation, modulation neuropeptides such insulin-like growth factor-1. Their include reduced cognitive decline; protection organs liver, well cardiovascular system, gastrointestinal tract kidneys; bone obesity; regulation glucose lipid metabolism. This review summarises some mechanisms treatment

Language: Английский

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The gut microbiome and Alzheimer’s disease: Complex and bidirectional interactions

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 141, P. 104814 - 104814

Published: Aug. 4, 2022

Language: Английский

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