Biomedicines,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
10(8), P. 1895 - 1895
Published: Aug. 5, 2022
Despite
the
identification
of
an
expanded
CAG
repeat
on
exon
1
huntingtin
gene
located
chromosome
as
genetic
defect
causing
Huntington’s
disease
almost
30
years
ago,
currently
approved
therapies
provide
only
limited
symptomatic
relief
and
do
not
influence
age
onset
or
progression
rate.
Research
has
identified
various
intricate
pathogenic
cascades
which
lead
to
neuronal
degeneration,
but
interfering
with
these
mechanisms
have
been
marked
by
many
failures
remain
be
validated.
Exciting
new
opportunities
are
opened
emerging
techniques
target
mutant
protein
DNA
RNA,
allowing
for
“gene
editing”.
Although
some
issues
relating
“off-target”
effects
immune-mediated
side
need
solved,
strategies,
combined
stem
cell
more
traditional
approaches
targeting
specific
cascades,
such
excitotoxicity
bioavailability
neurotrophic
factors,
could
significant
improvement
outcomes
treated
patients.
Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
43(6), P. 2643 - 2673
Published: April 7, 2023
Stem
cells
have
been
the
subject
of
research
for
years
due
to
their
enormous
therapeutic
potential.
Most
neurological
diseases
such
as
multiple
sclerosis
(MS),
amyotrophic
lateral
(ALS),
Alzheimer's
disease
(AD),
Parkinson's
(PD),
and
Huntington's
(HD)
are
incurable
or
very
difficult
treat.
Therefore
new
therapies
sought
in
which
autologous
stem
used.
They
often
patient's
only
hope
recovery
slowing
down
progress
symptoms.
The
most
important
conclusions
arise
after
analyzing
literature
on
use
neurodegenerative
diseases.
effectiveness
MSC
cell
therapy
has
confirmed
ALS
HD
therapy.
slow
progression
show
early
promising
signs
efficacy.
In
HD,
they
reduced
huntingtin
(Htt)
aggregation
stimulation
endogenous
neurogenesis.
MS
with
hematopoietic
(HSCs)
inducted
significant
recalibration
pro-inflammatory
immunoregulatory
components
immune
system.
iPSC
allow
accurate
PD
modeling.
patient-specific
therefore
minimize
risk
rejection
and,
long-term
observation,
did
not
form
any
tumors
brain.
Extracellular
vesicles
derived
from
bone
marrow
mesenchymal
stromal
(BM-MSC-EVs)
Human
adipose-derived
stromal/stem
(hASCs)
widely
used
treat
AD.
Due
reduction
Aβ42
deposits
increasing
survival
neurons,
improve
memory
learning
abilities.
Despite
many
animal
models
clinical
trial
studies,
still
needs
be
refined
increase
its
human
body.
Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
87, P. 104774 - 104774
Published: July 20, 2023
Huntington's
disease
(HD)
is
a
neurological
disorder
characterized
by
reduction
in
medium-spiny
neurons
the
brain.
Currently,
there
no
cure
for
HD
and
treatment
relies
on
symptomatic
therapy.
The
generation
of
stem
cells,
including
neural,
mesenchymal,
pluripotent,
through
conventional
strategies
or
direct
cell
reprogramming
has
revolutionized
therapy
research.
Due
to
their
unique
ability
differentiate
into
variety
self-renew,
grow,
cells
have
become
an
area
interest
treating
various
complex
unresolved
neurodegenerative
disorders.
Nanotechnology
emerged
as
novel
approach
with
great
potential
reduced
side
effects.
Nanoparticles
(NPs)
can
act
nanovehicles
delivering
therapeutic
agents,
siRNAs,
neurotrophic
factors,
different
drugs.
Additionally,
NPs
be
used
alternative
based
antioxidant
reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS)-scavenging
properties
that
protect
neuronal
cells.
Some
even
exhibit
interfere
protein
aggregation
mutant
Huntingtin
proteins
during
processes.
This
review
focuses
most
studied
HD,
polymeric,
lipid-based,
liposomes,
solid
lipid
metal/metal
oxide.
combination
diagnosis
treatment.
been
manage
cellular
microenvironment,
improve
efficiency
drug
delivery
brain
enhance
transplant
survival.
Understanding
characteristics
essential
applying
them
purposes.
In
this
study,
biology
well
benefits
drawbacks
using
its
are
discussed.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
24(12), P. 10127 - 10127
Published: June 14, 2023
In
recent
years,
three
emerging
cell
deaths,
ferroptosis,
necroptosis
and
pyroptosis,
have
gradually
attracted
everyone’s
attention,
they
also
play
an
important
role
in
the
occurrence
development
of
various
diseases.
Ferroptosis
is
idiographic
iron-dependent
form
regulated
death
with
hallmark
accumulation
intracellular
reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS).
Necroptosis
a
necrotic
mediated
by
receptor-interacting
protein
kinase
1(RIPK1)
3RIPK3.
Pyroptosis,
known
as
inflammatory
necrosis,
programmed
necrosis
Gasdermin
D
(GSDMD).
It
manifested
continuous
swelling
cells
until
membrane
ruptures,
resulting
release
contents
activation
strong
response.
Neurological
disorders
remain
clinical
challenge
patients
do
not
respond
well
to
conventional
treatments.
Nerve
can
aggravate
neurological
This
article
reviews
specific
mechanisms
these
types
their
relationship
diseases
evidence
for
diseases;
understanding
pathways
helpful
treatment
Frontiers in Immunology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
14
Published: March 23, 2023
C1q
is
a
crucial
component
of
the
complement
system,
which
activated
through
classical
pathway
to
perform
non-specific
immune
functions,
serving
as
first
line
defense
against
pathogens.
can
also
bind
specific
receptors
carry
out
and
other
playing
vital
role
in
maintaining
homeostasis
normal
physiological
functions.
In
developing
central
nervous
system
(CNS),
functions
synapse
formation
pruning,
key
player
development
neuronal
networks
CNS.
has
close
relationship
with
microglia
astrocytes,
under
their
influence,
may
contribute
CNS
disorders.
Furthermore,
have
independent
effects
on
neurological
disorders,
producing
either
beneficial
or
detrimental
outcomes.
Most
evidence
for
these
comes
from
animal
models,
some
human
specimen
studies.
now
emerging
promising
target
treatment
variety
diseases,
clinical
trials
are
already
underway
This
article
highlights
offering
new
directions
diagnosis
conditions.
Microbiology Research,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15(2), P. 489 - 507
Published: April 5, 2024
The
human
gut
has
a
rich
and
dynamic
microbial
population
that
plays
an
important
role
in
many
physiological
activities.
This
review
explores
the
complex
interaction
between
microbiota
health,
with
emphasis
on
its
effect
neurodegenerative
illnesses.
makeup
of
microbiome
impact
brain
function
through
gut–brain
axis
is
highlighted.
Dysbiosis,
characterized
by
changes
microbiota’s
composition,
been
linked
to
development
diseases
such
as
Alzheimer’s,
Parkinson’s,
Huntington’s,
amyotrophic
lateral
sclerosis.
A
Bidirectional
communication
stomach
takes
place
via
variety
channels,
including
neurotransmitters
metabolites
generated
bacteria.
We
investigate
processes
which
dysbiosis
causes
neuroinflammation,
oxidative
stress,
neuronal
damage,
drive
disease
development.
Potential
therapeutic
approaches
focus
microbiota,
antibiotics,
probiotics,
prebiotics,
fecal
transplantation,
are
reviewed,
promising
preclinical
clinical
findings.
Overall,
this
study
emphasizes
relevance
illnesses,
well
need
understand
target
gut-brain
for
future
treatment
options.
Journal of Advanced Research,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
65, P. 297 - 327
Published: May 14, 2024
Autophagy
is
an
evolutionarily
conserved
turnover
process
for
intracellular
substances
in
eukaryotes,
relying
on
lysosomal
(in
animals)
or
vacuolar
yeast
and
plants)
mechanisms.
In
the
past
two
decades,
emerging
evidence
suggests
that,
under
specific
conditions,
autophagy
can
target
particular
macromolecules
organelles
degradation,
a
termed
selective
autophagy.
Recently,
accumulating
studies
have
demonstrated
that
abnormality
of
closely
associated
with
occurrence
progression
many
human
diseases,
including
neurodegenerative
cancers,
metabolic
cardiovascular
diseases.
This
review
aims
at
systematically
comprehensively
introducing
its
role
various
while
unravelling
molecular
mechanisms
By
providing
theoretical
basis
development
related
small-molecule
drugs
as
well
treating
this
seeks
to
contribute
understanding
therapeutic
potential.
review,
we
introduce
dissect
major
categories
been
discovered.
We
also
focus
recent
advances
underlying
both
classical
non-classical
Moreover,
current
situation
targeting
different
types
further
summarized,
valuable
insights
into
discovery
more
candidate
future.
On
other
hand,
reveal
clinically
relevant
implementations
are
potentially
autophagy,
such
predictive
approaches
treatments
tailored
individual
patients.
Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
12
Published: March 7, 2024
The
failure
of
endogenous
repair
is
the
main
feature
neurological
diseases
that
cannot
recover
damaged
tissue
and
resulting
dysfunction.
Currently,
range
treatment
options
for
limited,
approved
drugs
are
used
to
treat
diseases,
but
therapeutic
effect
still
not
ideal.
In
recent
years,
different
studies
have
revealed
neural
stem
cells
(NSCs)
made
exciting
achievements
in
diseases.
NSCs
potential
self-renewal
differentiation,
which
shows
great
foreground
as
replacement
therapy
broadens
a
new
way
cell
therapy.
biological
functions
nerve
injury
include
neuroprotection,
promoting
axonal
regeneration
remyelination,
secretion
neurotrophic
factors,
immune
regulation,
improve
inflammatory
microenvironment
injury.
All
these
reveal
play
an
important
role
improving
progression
Therefore,
it
significance
better
understand
functional
view
this,
we
comprehensively
discussed
application
value
well
existing
problems
challenges.
