Microbiome definition re-visited: old concepts and new challenges

Microbiome, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: June 30, 2020

The field of microbiome research has evolved rapidly over the past few decades and become a topic great scientific public interest. As result this rapid growth in interest covering different fields, we are lacking clear commonly agreed definition term "microbiome." Moreover, consensus on best practices is missing. Recently, panel international experts discussed current gaps frame European-funded MicrobiomeSupport project. meeting brought together about 40 leaders from diverse areas, while more than hundred all world took part an online survey accompanying workshop. This article excerpts outcomes workshop corresponding embedded short historical introduction future outlook. We propose based compact, clear, comprehensive description provided by Whipps et al. 1988, amended with set novel recommendations considering latest technological developments findings. clearly separate terms microbiota provide discussion composition microbiota, heterogeneity dynamics microbiomes time space, stability resilience microbial networks, core microbiomes, functionally relevant keystone species as well co-evolutionary principles microbe-host inter-species interactions within microbiome. These broad definitions suggested unifying concepts will help to improve standardization studies future, could be starting point for integrated assessment data resulting transfer knowledge basic science into practice. Furthermore, standards important solving new challenges associated anthropogenic-driven changes planetary health, which understanding might play key role. Video Abstract.

Language: Английский

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Akkermansia muciniphila: paradigm for next-generation beneficial microorganisms

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 19(10), P. 625 - 637

Published: May 31, 2022

Language: Английский

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Function of Akkermansia muciniphila in Obesity: Interactions With Lipid Metabolism, Immune Response and Gut Systems

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Feb. 21, 2020

Obesity and its metabolic syndrome, including liver disorders type 2 diabetes, are a worldwide epidemic intimately linked to diet. The gut microbiota interaction has been pointed out as hot topic research at treating obesity related diseases by influencing energy metabolism immune system. In terms of the novel identified beneficial microbes, Akkermansia muciniphila (A.muciniphila ) is colonized in mucosa layer modulates basal metabolism. A.muciniphila consistently correlated with obesity. causal impact on A.muciniphila-treated coming light, which proved variety animal models human studies. characterized player body create great expectation for treatments associated obesity, well considered new generation therapeutic agents. This paper aimed was investigate underlying basic mechanism A.muciniphila-related host interactions recent discoveries, facilitating establish relationship A.muciniphila-associated supplement.

Language: Английский

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Faecalibacterium: a bacterial genus with promising human health applications

FEMS Microbiology Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 47(4)

Published: July 1, 2023

Abstract In humans, many diseases are associated with alterations in gut microbiota, namely increases or decreases the abundance of specific bacterial groups. One example is genus Faecalibacterium. Numerous studies have underscored that low levels Faecalibacterium correlated inflammatory conditions, bowel disease (IBD) forefront. Its representation also diminished case several diseases, including colorectal cancer (CRC), dermatitis, and depression. Additionally, relative presence this considered to reflect, at least part, intestinal health status because frequently present reduced individuals gastrointestinal disorders. review, we first thoroughly describe updates taxonomy Faecalibacterium, which has transformed a single-species taxon multispecies over last decade. We then explore links discovered between various since IBD-focused were published. Next, examine current available strategies for modulating gut. Finally, summarize mechanisms underlying beneficial effects been attributed genus. Together, epidemiological experimental data strongly support use as next-generation probiotic (NGP) live biotherapeutic product (LBP).

Language: Английский

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Association between physical activity and changes in intestinal microbiota composition: A systematic review

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 16(2), P. e0247039 - e0247039

Published: Feb. 25, 2021

Introduction The intestinal microbiota comprises bacteria, fungi, archaea, protists, helminths and viruses that symbiotically inhabit the digestive system. To date, research has provided limited data on possible association between an active lifestyle a healthy composition of human microbiota. This review was aimed to summarize results studies comparing microbiome individuals with different physical activity amounts. Methods We searched Medline/Ovid, NIH/PubMed, Academic Search Complete August–October 2020. Inclusion criteria comprised: (a) cross-sectional focused gut among subjects levels; (b) describing responses any type exercise stimulus; (c) containing adult women men. excluded diet modifications, probiotic or prebiotic consumption, as well diabetes, hypertension, cancer, hormonal dysfunction. Methodological quality risk bias for each study were assessed using Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies—of Interventions tool. from longitudinal are shown independently. Results A total 17 articles eligible inclusion: ten seven studies. Main outcomes vary significantly according amounts in identified discrete changes diversity indexes relative abundance certain bacteria people. Conclusion As literature this field is rapidly growing, it important incorporate diverse methods evaluate other aspects related lifestyles such sleep dietary patterns. Exploration groups viruses, archaea parasites may lead better understanding adaptation sports its potentially beneficial effects host metabolism endurance.

Language: Английский

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The Immunopathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease Is Related to the Composition of Gut Microbiota

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(2), P. 361 - 361

Published: Jan. 25, 2021

The microbiota–gut–brain axis plays an important role in the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Commensal and pathogenic enteric bacteria can influence brain immune system function by production lipopolysaccharides amyloid. Dysbiosis intestinal microbiome induces local consecutively systemic immune-mediated inflammation. Proinflammatory cytokines then trigger neuroinflammation finally neurodegeneration. Immune-mediated oxidative stress lead to a deficiency vitamins essential micronutrients. Furthermore, wrong composition gut microbiota might impair intake metabolization nutrients. In patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) significant alterations have been demonstrated. Standard Western diet, infections, decreased physical activity chronic impact diversity microbiota. A higher abundancy “pro-inflammatory” goes along enhanced inflammation neuroinflammatory processes. Thus, AD beginning is closely related imbalance Modulation Mediterranean probiotics curcumin slow down cognitive decline alter significantly. multi-domain intervention approach addressing underlying causes (inflammation, metabolic like insulin resistance nutrient deficiency, stress) appears very promising reduce or even reverse exerting positive effects on

Language: Английский

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A Review of Gut Microbiota‐Derived Metabolites in Tumor Progression and Cancer Therapy

Advanced Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10(15)

Published: March 23, 2023

Abstract Gut microbiota‐derived metabolites are key hubs connecting the gut microbiome and cancer progression, primarily by remodeling tumor microenvironment regulating signaling pathways in cells multiple immune cells. The use of microbial radiotherapy chemotherapy mitigates severe side effects from treatment improves efficacy treatment. Immunotherapy combined with effectively activates system to kill tumors overcomes drug resistance. Consequently, various novel strategies have been developed modulate metabolites. Manipulation genes involved metabolism using synthetic biology approaches directly affects levels metabolites, while fecal transplantation phage affect altering composition microbiome. However, some harbor paradoxical functions depending on context (e.g., type cancer). Furthermore, metabolic microorganisms certain anticancer drugs such as irinotecan gemcitabine, render ineffective or exacerbate their adverse effects. Therefore, a personalized comprehensive consideration patient's condition is required when employing treat cancer. purpose this review summarize correlation between cancer, provide fresh ideas for future scientific research.

Language: Английский

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The role of Akkermansia muciniphila in inflammatory bowel disease: Current knowledge and perspectives

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Jan. 6, 2023

Inflammatory bowel diseases, including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, is a chronic relapsing gastrointestinal inflammatory mediated by dysregulated immune responses to resident intestinal microbiota. Current conventional approaches aminosalicylates, corticosteroids, immunosuppressive agents, biological therapies are focused on reducing inflammation besides inducing maintaining remission, managing complications. However, these not curative associated with various limitations, such as drug resistance, low responsiveness adverse events. Recent accumulated evidence has revealed the involvement of mucin-degrading bacterium

Language: Английский

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Akkermansia muciniphila as a Next-Generation Probiotic in Modulating Human Metabolic Homeostasis and Disease Progression: A Role Mediated by Gut–Liver–Brain Axes?

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(4), P. 3900 - 3900

Published: Feb. 15, 2023

Appreciation of the importance Akkermansia muciniphila is growing, and it becoming increasingly relevant to identify preventive and/or therapeutic solutions targeting gut–liver–brain axes for multiple diseases via muciniphila. In recent years, its components such as outer membrane proteins extracellular vesicles have been known ameliorate host metabolic health intestinal homeostasis. However, impacts on disease are complex, both potentially beneficial adverse effects mediated by derivatives, in some cases, these dependent upon physiology microenvironment forms, genotypes, strain sources Therefore, this review aims summarize current knowledge how interacts with influences homeostasis progression. Details will be discussed including biological genetic characteristics; functions anti-obesity, anti-diabetes, anti-metabolic-syndrome, anti-inflammation, anti-aging, anti-neurodegenerative disease, anti-cancer therapy functions; strategies elevate abundance. Key events referred specific states, should facilitate identification muciniphila-based probiotic axes.

Language: Английский

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Role of the gut microbiome in three major psychiatric disorders

Psychological Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 52(7), P. 1222 - 1242

Published: May 1, 2022

Abstract Major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar (BD) and schizophrenia-spectrum disorders (SSD) are heterogeneous psychiatric disorders, which place significant burden on patient's well-being global health. Disruptions in the gut-microbiome may play a role these disorders. This review presents current data composition of human gastrointestinal microbiota, its interaction mechanisms gut–brain axis MDD, BD SSD. Diversity metrics microbial relative abundance differed across studies. More studies reported inconsistent findings ( n = 7) or no differences 8) than who lower α -diversity 5). The most consistent were higher abundances genera Streptococcus , Lactobacillus Eggerthella butyrate producing Faecalibacterium patients with All three increased associated symptom severity. Confounders, such as medication use life style have not been accounted for. So far, results probiotics trials inconsistent. Most traditional widely used (consisting Bifidobacterium spp. spp.) safe, however, they do correct potential microbiota disbalances Findings prebiotics faecal transplantation (FMT) too limited to draw definitive conclusions. Disease-specific pro/prebiotic treatment even FMT could be auspicious interventions for prevention therapy should investigated future trials.

Language: Английский

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