Prognostic and Therapeutic Role of Vitamin D in COVID-19: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 107(5), P. 1484 - 1502

Published: Dec. 11, 2021

Abstract Purpose Vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency may increase the susceptibility to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We aimed determine association between vitamin and COVID-19, its severity, mortality, role of in treatment. Methods searched CINAHL, Cochrane library, EMBASE, PubMED, Scopus, Web Science up May 30, 2021, for observational studies on severe disease, death among adults, and, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing treatment against standard care or placebo, improving severity mortality adults with COVID-19. Risk bias was assessed using Newcastle-Ottawa scale AUB-KQ1 tool RCTs. Study-level data were analyzed RevMan 5.3 R (v4.1.0). Heterogeneity determined by I2 sources explored through prespecified sensitivity analyses, subgroup meta-regressions. Results Of 1877 search results, 76 satisfying eligibility criteria included. Seventy-two included meta-analysis (n = 1 976 099). increased odds developing COVID-19 (odds ratio [OR] 1.46; 95% CI, 1.28-1.65; P < 0.0001; 92%), (OR 1.90; 1.52-2.38; 81%), 2.07; 1.28-3.35; 0.003; 73%). The 25-hydroxy concentrations lower individuals compared controls (mean difference [MD] -3.85 ng/mL; -5.44 -2.26; ≤ 0.0001), patients nonsevere (MD -4.84 -7.32 -2.35; 0.0001) nonsurvivors survivors -4.80 -7.89 -1.71; 0.002). insignificant when high risk reporting unadjusted effect estimates excluded. heterogeneity across all analyses. Discrepancies timing testing, definitions partly explained heterogeneity. Four RCTs widely heterogeneous precluding meta-analysis. Conclusion Multiple involving nearly 2 million suggest increases although a Association less robust. precluded their

Language: Английский

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COVID-19 and vitamin D (Co-VIVID study): a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 20(6), P. 907 - 913

Published: Jan. 28, 2022

Introduction Vitamin D levels have been reported to be associated with COVID-19 susceptibility, severity, and mortality events. We performed a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluate the use vitamin intervention on outcomes.Areas covered Literature search was conducted using PubMed, Cochrane library, ClinicalTrials.gov databases. included RCTs reporting control/placebo group in COVID-19. The study registered at PROSPERO: CRD42021271461.Expert opinion A total 6 551 patients were included. overall collective evidence pooling all outcomes across indicated beneficial (relative risk, RR = 0.60, 95% CI 0.40 0.92, Z 2.33, p 0.02, I2 48%). rates RT-CR positivity significantly decreased as compared non-vitamin groups (RR 0.46, 0.24 0.89, 2.31, 0%). Conclusively, supplemented are more likely demonstrate fewer ICU admission, events, RT-PCR positivity.

Language: Английский

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Infections and Autoimmunity—The Immune System and Vitamin D: A Systematic Review

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(17), P. 3842 - 3842

Published: Sept. 2, 2023

Both 25-autoimmunity and(25(OH)D: calcifediol) and its active form, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D: calcitriol), play critical roles in protecting humans from invasive pathogens, reducing risks of autoimmunity, maintaining health. Conversely, low 25(OH)D status increases susceptibility to infections developing autoimmunity. This systematic review examines vitamin D’s mechanisms effects on enhancing innate acquired immunity against microbes preventing The study evaluated the quality evidence regarding biology, physiology, aspects human health related autoimmunity peer-reviewed journal articles published English. search analyses followed PRISMA guidelines. Data strongly suggested that serum concentrations more than 50 ng/mL is associated with significant risk reduction viral bacterial infections, sepsis, Most adequately powered, well-designed, randomized controlled trials sufficient duration supported substantial benefits D. Virtually all studies failed conclude or were ambiguous had major design errors. Treatment deficiency costs less 0.01% cost investigation worsening comorbidities hypovitaminosis Despite cost-benefits, prevalence remains high worldwide. was clear among those who died COVID-19 2020/21—most severe deficiency. Yet, lack direction agencies insurance companies using as an adjunct therapy astonishing. confirmed keeping individual’s above (125 nmol/L) (and 40 population) reduces community outbreaks, autoimmune disorders. Maintaining such 97.5% people achievable through daily safe sun exposure (except countries far equator during winter) taking between 5000 8000 IU supplements (average dose, for non-obese adults, ~70 90 IU/kg body weight). Those gastrointestinal malabsorption, obesity, medications increase catabolism a few other specific disorders require much higher intake. evaluates non-classical actions D, particular emphasis infection immune system.

Language: Английский

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Low vitamin D levels do not aggravate COVID-19 risk or death, and vitamin D supplementation does not improve outcomes in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a meta-analysis and GRADE assessment of cohort studies and RCTs

Nutrition Journal, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 20(1)

Published: Oct. 31, 2021

The associations between vitamin D and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection clinical outcomes are controversial. efficacy of supplementation in COVID-19 is also not clear.

Language: Английский

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Rapid and Effective Vitamin D Supplementation May Present Better Clinical Outcomes in COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) Patients by Altering Serum INOS1, IL1B, IFNg, Cathelicidin-LL37, and ICAM1

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(11), P. 4047 - 4047

Published: Nov. 12, 2021

Background: We aimed to establish an acute treatment protocol increase serum vitamin D, evaluate the effectiveness of D3 supplementation, and reveal potential mechanisms in COVID-19. Methods: retrospectively analyzed data 867 COVID-19 cases. Then, a prospective study was conducted, including 23 healthy individuals 210 A total 163 cases had D 95 were followed for 14 days. Clinical outcomes, routine blood biomarkers, levels metabolism, action mechanism-related parameters evaluated. Results: Our increased 25OHD significantly above 30 ng/mL within two weeks. (no comorbidities, no treatment, <30 ng/mL) 1.9-fold risk having hospitalization longer than 8 days compared with comorbidities treatment. Having decreased mortality rate by 2.14 times. The correlation analysis specific biomarkers indicated that might involve regulation INOS1, IL1B, IFNg, cathelicidin-LL37, ICAM1. Conclusions: Vitamin shortened hospital stay cases, even existence comorbidities. supplementation is effective on various target parameters; therefore, it essential

Language: Английский

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The Association between TNF-α, IL-6, and Vitamin D Levels and COVID-19 Severity and Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Pathogens, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(2), P. 195 - 195

Published: Feb. 1, 2022

Background: An increasing number of scientific journals have proposed a connection between tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) the severity COVID-19. Vitamin D has been discussed as potential therapy for COVID-19 due to its immunomodulatory effects. This meta-analysis aims determine relationship, if any, TNF-α, IL-6, vitamin D, mortality. Methods: The design study is systematic review meta-analysis. A literature search performed using PubMed, Cochrane, ProQuest, Google Scholar. Results: TNF-α insignificantly increases risk (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.0304; 95% CI 0.8178–1.2983; p 0.80) but significantly mortality (crude hazard (HR) 1.0640; 1.0259–1.1036; 0.0009). IL-6 (aOR 1.0284; 1.0130–1.0441; 0.0003) 1.0076; 1.0004–1.0148; 0.04; adjusted (aHR) 1.0036; 1.0010–1.0061; 0.006). There statistically insignificant difference mean levels patients with severe non-severe (mean (MD) −5.0232; 11.6832–1.6368; 0.14). deficiency 1.3827; 0.7103–2.6916; 0.34). Conclusion: an independent prognostic factor towards

Language: Английский

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Vitamin D Signaling in Psoriasis: Pathogenesis and Therapy

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(15), P. 8575 - 8575

Published: Aug. 2, 2022

Psoriasis is a systemic, chronic, immune-mediated disease that affects approximately 2–3% of the world’s population. The etiology and pathophysiology psoriasis are still unknown, but activation adaptive immune system with main role T-cells key in pathogenesis. modulation local neuroendocrine downregulation pro-inflammatory upregulation anti-inflammatory messengers represent promising adjuvant treatment therapies. Vitamin D receptors vitamin D-mediated signaling pathways function skin essential maintaining homeostasis. active forms act as powerful immunomodulators clinical response psoriatic patients effective safe treatments for psoriasis, even when high doses administered. phototherapy especially UVB-based, changes serum level 25(OH)D, correlation 25(OH)D improvement need more trials, since contradictory data have been published. derivatives can improve efficacy without inducing adverse side effects. anti-psoriatic could include non-calcemic CYP11A1-derived hydroxyderivatives would on VDR or inverse agonists RORs activate alternative nuclear including AhR LXRs. In conclusion, play an important natural history psoriasis. Selective targeting proper potential options

Language: Английский

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Rapidly Increasing Serum 25(OH)D Boosts the Immune System, against Infections—Sepsis and COVID-19

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(14), P. 2997 - 2997

Published: July 21, 2022

Vitamin D deficiency is a global public health problem, pandemic that commonly affects the elderly and those with comorbidities such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension, respiratory disorders, recurrent infections, immune deficiency, malignancies, well ethnic minorities living in temperate countries. The same groups were worst affected by COVID-19. Since vitamin weakens system, it increases risk of complications, deaths, from sepsis Deficiency can be remedied cost-effectively through targeted food fortification, supplementation, and/or daily safe sun exposure. Its endocrine functions are limited to mineral metabolism, musculoskeletal systems, specific cell membrane interactions, parathyroid gland functions. Except for rapid, endocrine, membrane-based non-genomic functions, all other biological physiological activities depend on adequate intracellular synthesis 1,25(OH)2D (calcitriol) peripheral target cells via genome. Calcitriol mediates autocrine (intracrine) paracrine signalling cells, which provides broader, protective crucial overcoming infections. dependent diffusion endocytosis D3 25(OH)D circulation into them, requires maintenance serum concentration above 50 ng/mL. Therefore, acute infections like COVID-19, necessary rapidly provide its precursors, 25(OH)D, generate calcitriol. Immune defence one non-hormonal D. A single oral (bolus) dose or divided upfront loading doses between 100,000 500,000 IU, using 50,000 IU increase concentrations therapeutic level ng/mL lasts two three months. This takes five days raise 25(OH)D. In contrast, calcifediol (0.014 mg/kg body weight) needed within four hours. Considering both enter generating calcitriol, combination (medium-term) (immediate) cost-effective leads best clinical outcome. To maximise protection against particularly reduce COVID-19-associated complications healthcare workers should advise patients exposure, supplementation balanced diets containing zinc, magnesium, micronutrients support system. Meanwhile, governments, World Health Organisation, Centers Disease Control, governments consider similar recommendations physicians public, change outdated micronutrient directed their population, organise targetted fortification programs vulnerable groups. article discusses rational approach maintaining sustained ng/mL, attain robust system Such would improve population’s costs. It also describes cost-effective, straightforward protocols achieving sustaining (>125 nmol/L) keep population healthy, absenteeism, productivity, lower

Language: Английский

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Clinical Evidence on the Potential Beneficial Effects of Diet and Dietary Supplements against COVID-19 Infection Risk and Symptoms’ Severity

Medical Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(1), P. 11 - 11

Published: Feb. 17, 2024

Diet and dietary supplements aim to add trace elements, vitamins, minerals the body improve human health boost immune system. In previous few years, new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus strain has been threatening of individuals public more broadly, with rates intensive care unit cases on rise, while long-term COVID-19 complications are persisting until today. peculiar circumstances pandemic, in combination disease prevention techniques, strengthening system is considered particularly important enable it effectively respond eliminate viral pathogen event infection. The purpose current literature review thoroughly summarize critically analyze clinical data concerning potential beneficial effects diet against infection risk symptoms' severity. micronutrients/supplements examined this study relation vitamins A, B, C, D, zinc, selenium, magnesium, iron, omega-3 fatty acids, glutamine, resveratrol, beta-glucans, probiotics. patterns such as Mediterranean severity were also analyzed. Our suggests that micro- macronutrient supplementation a healthy lifestyle may provide support function, both before during However, additional studies recommended draw safe conclusions formulate recommendations their possible preventing co-treating disease.

Language: Английский

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Effect of Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Severe COVID-19: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(10), P. 1402 - 1402

Published: May 7, 2024

Since the beginning of COVID-19 pandemic, vitamin D has attracted interest due to its immunomodulatory properties. Numerous studies show a correlation between levels and cases mortality. Therefore, we conducted meta-analysis in order assess relationship D3 supplementation severity. We included 13 randomized clinical trials that contained analyzed endpoints: length hospitalization, number intensive care unit (ICU) admissions, stay ICU, requiring any supplemental oxygenation, duration overall mortality deaths associated with COVID-19. The relative risk 95% confidence interval (CI) mean difference CI were calculated compare effect. A random effects model was used calculate effect sizes. Our showed positive on ICU admission (RR = 0.73; [0.57; 0.95], p 0.02, I2 19.6%) among patients 0.56; [0.34; 0.91]; 0.02; 0%). Vitamin may potentially reduce death

Language: Английский

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