Global Impacts of Western Diet and Its Effects on Metabolism and Health: A Narrative Review

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(12), P. 2749 - 2749

Published: June 14, 2023

The Western diet is a modern dietary pattern characterized by high intakes of pre-packaged foods, refined grains, red meat, processed high-sugar drinks, candy, sweets, fried conventionally raised animal products, high-fat dairy and high-fructose products. present review aims to describe the effect on metabolism, inflammation, antioxidant status; impact gut microbiota mitochondrial fitness; cardiovascular health, mental cancer; sanitary cost diet. To achieve this goal, consensus critical was conducted using primary sources, such as scientific articles, secondary including bibliographic indexes, databases, web pages. Scopus, Embase, Science Direct, Sports Discuss, ResearchGate, Web were used complete assignment. MeSH-compliant keywords “Western diet”, “inflammation”, “metabolic health”, fitness”, “heart disease”, “cancer”, “oxidative stress”, “mental “metabolism” used. following exclusion criteria applied: (i) studies with inappropriate or irrelevant topics, not germane review’s focus; (ii) Ph.D. dissertations, proceedings conferences, unpublished studies. This information will allow for better comprehension nutritional behavior its an individual’s metabolism well national systems. Finally, practical applications derived from are made.

Language: Английский

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Oxidative Stress in Type 2 Diabetes: Impacts from Pathogenesis to Lifestyle Modifications

Current Issues in Molecular Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 45(8), P. 6651 - 6666

Published: Aug. 12, 2023

Oxidative stress is a critical factor in the pathogenesis and progression of diabetes its associated complications. The imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production body’s antioxidant defence mechanisms leads to cellular damage dysfunction. In diabetes, chronic hyperglycaemia mitochondrial dysfunction contribute increased ROS production, further exacerbating oxidative stress. This burden adversely affects various aspects including impaired beta-cell function insulin resistance, leading disrupted glucose regulation. Additionally, stress-induced blood vessels endothelial development diabetic vascular complications such as retinopathy, nephropathy, cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, organs tissues throughout body, kidneys, nerves, eyes, are vulnerable stress, resulting neuropathy, retinopathy. Strategies mitigate include therapy, lifestyle modifications, effective management hyperglycaemia. However, research necessary comprehensively understand underlying evaluate efficacy interventions preventing treating By addressing it might be possible alleviate improve patient outcomes.

Language: Английский

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The Role of the Gut Microbiota in the Relationship Between Diet and Human Health

Annual Review of Physiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 85(1), P. 449 - 468

Published: Nov. 14, 2022

The interplay between diet, the gut microbiome, and host health is complex. Diets associated with have many similarities: high fiber, unsaturated fatty acids, polyphenols while being low in saturated fats, sodium, refined carbohydrates. Over past several decades, dietary patterns changed significantly Westernized nations increased consumption of calorically dense ultraprocessed foods fiber salt, carbohydrates, leading to numerous negative consequences including obesity, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease. microbiota an environmental factor that interacts diet may also impact on outcomes, which involve metabolites produced by from components can host. This review focuses our current understanding complex relationship microbiota, health, examples how support increase individual's risk for disease, be used as a therapy specific diseases.

Language: Английский

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The Role of Antioxidants in the Interplay between Oxidative Stress and Senescence

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(7), P. 1224 - 1224

Published: June 22, 2022

Cellular senescence is an irreversible state of cell cycle arrest occurring in response to stressful stimuli, such as telomere attrition, DNA damage, reactive oxygen species, and oncogenic proteins. Although beneficial protective several physiological processes, excessive senescent burden has been involved various pathological conditions including aging, tissue dysfunction chronic diseases. Oxidative stress (OS) can drive due a loss balance between pro-oxidant stimuli antioxidant defences. Therefore, the identification characterization compounds capable preventing or counteracting phenotype major interest. However, despite considerable number studies, comprehensive overview main molecules OS-induced still lacking. Here, besides brief description molecular mechanisms implicated OS-mediated we review discuss role enzymes, mitochondria-targeting compounds, vitamins, carotenoids, organosulfur nitrogen non-protein molecules, minerals, flavonoids, non-flavonoids with anti-aging potential, therefore offering insights into innovative lifespan-extending approaches.

Language: Английский

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Gut Microbiota Metabolites in Major Depressive Disorder—Deep Insights into Their Pathophysiological Role and Potential Translational Applications

Metabolites, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(1), P. 50 - 50

Published: Jan. 8, 2022

The gut microbiota is a complex and dynamic ecosystem essential for the proper functioning of organism, affecting health disease status individuals. There continuous bidirectional communication between host, conforming to unique entity known as “holobiont”. Among these crosstalk mechanisms, synthesizes broad spectrum bioactive compounds or metabolites which exert pleiotropic effects on human organism. Many microbial can cross blood–brain barrier (BBB) have significant brain, playing key role in so-called microbiota-gut-brain axis. An altered (MGB) axis major characteristic many neuropsychiatric disorders, including depressive disorder (MDD). Significative differences eubiosis dysbiosis mental disorders like MDD with their different metabolite composition concentrations are being discussed. In present review, main (short-chain fatty acids -SCFAs-, bile acids, amino tryptophan -trp- derivatives, more), signaling pathways functions will be summarized explain part pathophysiology. Conclusions from promising translational approaches related metabolome addressed more depth discuss possible clinical value management patients.

Language: Английский

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Elucidating the role of diet in maintaining gut health to reduce the risk of obesity, cardiovascular and other age-related inflammatory diseases: recent challenges and future recommendations

Gut Microbes, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: Jan. 4, 2024

A healthy balanced diet is crucial in protecting the immune system against infections and diseases. Poor diets, such as Western diet, contribute to development of metabolic diseases, hypertension, obesity. Microbiota, primarily composed different microorganisms residing gastrointestinal tract (GIT), also play a significant role maintaining gut health. Polyphenols probiotics found fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, nuts, seeds promote health support growth beneficial bacteria. Different types their categories, impact on are mentioned. The relationship between health, risk developing obesity, cardiovascular inflammatory diseases discussed this review article. rationale behind concludes future recommendations for reducing occurrence cardiometabolic other There need standardized research methods, long-term studies, translating scientific knowledge into practical dietary recommendations.

Language: Английский

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A Heart-Healthy Diet for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention: Where Are We Now?

Vascular Health and Risk Management, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: Volume 19, P. 237 - 253

Published: April 1, 2023

Purpose of Review: The relationship between cardiovascular health and diet is evolving. Lifestyle modifications including changes are the primary approach in managing cardiometabolic risk factors. Thus, understanding different diets their impact on important guiding secondary prevention disease (CVD). Yet, there many barriers limitations to adopting a heart healthy diet. Recent Findings: Diets rich fruits, vegetables, legumes, whole grains, lean protein sources, with minimization/avoidance processed foods, trans-fats, sugar sweetened beverages, recommended by guidelines. Mediterranean, DASH, plant-based have all proven cardioprotective varying degrees endorsed professional healthcare societies, while other emerging such as ketogenic intermittent fasting require more long-term study. effects gut microbiome opened new path for precision medicine improve certain dietary metabolites, trimethylamine N-oxide, factors, along diversity gene pathways relation CVD management, being explored. Summary: In this review, we provide comprehensive up-to-date overview established health. We discuss effectiveness various most importantly approaches nutritional counseling where traditional non-traditional practiced, helping patients adopt diets. address regarding food insecurity, poor access, socioeconomic burden. Lastly, need multidisciplinary team-based approach, role nutrition specialist, implementing culturally-tailored recommendations. Understanding finding ways overcome heart-healthy will take us miles management. Keywords: disease, diet, guidelines, nutrition, disparities,

Language: Английский

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Total Antioxidant Capacity: Biochemical Aspects and Clinical Significance

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(13), P. 10978 - 10978

Published: July 1, 2023

Despite the physiological role of oxidant molecules, oxidative stress (OS) could underlie several human diseases. When levels antioxidants are too low or high, OS occurs, leading to damage at molecular, tissue and cellular levels. Therefore, antioxidant compounds represent a way modulate and/or maintain proper redox balance. This review provides an overview methods available assess total capacity (TAC) in biological systems elucidate correct terminology pathophysiological roles. The clinical context is fundamental obtain interpretation TAC. Hence, we discuss metabolic syndrome infertility, two conditions that involve OS, including potential prognostic TAC evaluation monitoring supplementation. approach would provide more personalised precise therapy.

Language: Английский

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Mediterranean Diet on Sleep: A Health Alliance

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(14), P. 2998 - 2998

Published: July 21, 2022

The Mediterranean diet is a plant-based, antioxidant-rich, unsaturated fat dietary pattern that has been consistently associated with lower rates of noncommunicable diseases and total mortality, so it considered one the healthiest patterns. Clinical trials mechanistic studies have demonstrated its peculiar foods nutrients exert beneficial effects against inflammation, oxidative stress, dysmetabolism, vascular dysfunction, adiposity, senescence, cognitive decline, neurodegeneration, tumorigenesis, thus preventing age-associated chronic improving wellbeing health. Nocturnal sleep an essential physiological function, whose alteration health outcomes diseases. Scientific evidence suggests are related in bidirectional relationship, understanding this association important given their role disease prevention. In review, we surveyed literature concerning current state from epidemiological on impact nighttime quantity quality. available indicate greater adherence to adequate duration several indicators better Potential mechanisms mediating effect described, gap-in-knowledge new research agenda corroborate findings discussed.

Language: Английский

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Mediterranean Diet and Quality of Life in Adults: A Systematic Review

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(3), P. 577 - 577

Published: Feb. 5, 2025

Background/Objectives: With the increasing life expectancy and, as a result, aging of global population, there has been rise in prevalence chronic conditions, which can significantly impact individuals’ health-related quality life, multidimensional concept that comprises an individual’s physical, mental, and social wellbeing. While balanced, nutrient-dense diet, such Mediterranean is widely recognized for its role disease prevention, particularly reducing risk cardiovascular diseases certain cancers, potential benefits extend beyond these well-known effects, showing promise improving physical mental wellbeing, promoting life. Methods: A systematic search scientific literature electronic databases (Pubmed/Medline) was performed to identify potentially eligible studies reporting on relation between adherence diet published up December 2024. Results: total 28 were included this review, comprising 13 conducted among general population 15 involving various types patients. Overall, most showed significant association HRQoL, with results retrieved domains suggesting seems play relevant both people affected by conditions inflammatory basis. Conclusions: Adherence provides preventing managing commonly associated populations. Furthermore, it enhances overall health individuals, ultimately supporting more effective less invasive treatment approaches diseases.

Language: Английский

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