International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
22(22), P. 12190 - 12190
Published: Nov. 11, 2021
Nonalcoholic
fatty
liver
disease
(NAFLD)
is
a
condition
characterized
by
hepatic
accumulation
of
excess
lipids.
T
cells
are
commonly
classified
into
various
subsets
based
on
their
surface
markers
including
cell
receptors,
type
antigen
presentation
and
pathophysiological
functions.
Several
studies
have
implicated
natural
killer
(NK)
in
the
progression
NAFLD.
While
NK
mainly
components
innate
immune
system,
majority
can
be
part
both
adaptive
systems.
reported
that
stages
NAFLD
accompanied
distinct
with
different
functions
phenotypes
observed
usually
resulting
proinflammatory
effects.
More
importantly,
overall
stimulation
intrahepatic
directly
influenced
homeostasis
gut
microbiota.
Similarly,
been
found
to
accumulate
response
pathogens
tumors.
In
this
review,
we
discussed
nature
roles
γδ
cells,
NKT
Mucosal-associated
invariant
(MAIT)
as
well
Microbiology Spectrum,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
9(2)
Published: Sept. 22, 2021
Akkermansia
muciniphila,
as
a
member
of
the
gut
microbiota,
has
been
proposed
next-generation
probiotic.
Liver
fibrosis
is
main
determinant
liver
dysfunction
and
mortality
in
patients
with
chronic
disease.
In
this
study,
we
aimed
to
determine
beneficial
effects
live
pasteurized
A.
muciniphila
its
extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
on
prevention
fibrosis.
The
response
hepatic
stellate
cells
(HSCs)
EVs
was
examined
quiescent,
lipopolysaccharide
(LPS)-activated
LX-2
cells.
induced
8-week-old
C57BL/6
mice,
using
high-fat
diet
(HFD)
carbon
tetrachloride
(CCl4)
administration
for
4
weeks.
mice
were
concomitantly
treated
via
oral
gavage
three
forms
bacteria.
relative
expression
different
inflammatory
markers
assessed
tissues.
Histological
markers,
serum
biochemical
parameters,
cytokine
production
also
analyzed,
their
correlations
abundance
targeted
fecal
bacteria
examined.
All
preparations
exhibited
protective
against
HSC
activation;
however,
showed
greatest
activity
regression.
Oral
ameliorated
cytokines
improved
colon
histopathological
damages.
biomarkers
substantially
attenuated
tissues
all
mice.
composition
stool
group
clearly
from
that
group.
This
study
indicated
derivatives
could
successfully
protect
HFD/CCl4-induced
injury.
However,
further
studies
are
needed
prove
liver.
IMPORTANCE
results
present
normalize
composition,
improve
intestinal
permeability,
modulate
responses,
subsequently
prevent
injury
HFD/CCl4-administered
Following
improvement
histopathology,
kidney
damage
adipose
tissue
inflammation
by
treatments.
Frontiers in Psychiatry,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
13
Published: April 25, 2022
The
immune
system
is
generally
known
to
be
the
primary
defense
mechanism
against
pathogens.
Any
pathological
conditions
are
reflected
in
anomalies
parameters.
Increasing
evidence
suggests
involvement
of
dysregulation
and
neuroinflammation
pathogenesis
schizophrenia.
In
this
systematic
review,
we
summarized
available
abnormalities
We
analyzed
impairments
all
components
assessed
level
bias
evidence.
It
has
been
shown
that
schizophrenia
associated
with
components:
from
innate
adaptive
immunity
humoral
cellular
immunity.
Abnormalities
organs
have
also
observed
Evidence
increased
C-reactive
protein,
cytokines
chemokines,
elevated
levels
neutrophils
autoantibodies,
microbiota
lowest
risk
bias.
Peripheral
contribute
neuroinflammation,
which
cognitive
neuroanatomical
alterations
contributes
However,
signs
severe
inflammation
only
about
1/3
patients
Immunological
parameters
may
help
identify
subgroups
individuals
who
well
respond
anti-inflammatory
therapy.
Our
integrative
approach
identified
gaps
knowledge
schizophrenia,
new
horizons
for
research
proposed.
World Journal of Gastroenterology,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
28(18), P. 1875 - 1901
Published: May 6, 2022
Gut
microbiota
has
a
significant
role
in
gut
development,
maturation,
and
immune
system
differentiation.
It
exerts
considerable
effects
on
the
child's
physical
mental
development.
The
composition
structure
depend
many
host
microbial
factors.
factors
include
age,
genetic
pool,
general
health,
dietary
factors,
medication
use,
intestine's
pH,
peristalsis,
transit
time,
mucus
secretions,
mucous
immunoglobulin,
tissue
oxidation-reduction
potentials.
nutrient
availability,
bacterial
cooperation
or
antagonism,
adhesion.
Each
part
of
its
due
to
specific
characteristics.
interacts
with
different
body
parts,
affecting
pathogenesis
local
systemic
diseases.
Dysbiosis
is
common
finding
childhood
disorders
such
as
autism,
failure
thrive,
nutritional
disorders,
coeliac
disease,
Necrotizing
Enterocolitis,
helicobacter
pylori
infection,
functional
gastrointestinal
childhood,
inflammatory
bowel
diseases,
other
disorders.
also
observed
allergic
conditions
like
atopic
dermatitis,
rhinitis,
asthma.
can
impact
development
progression
cardiac
including
heart
failure.
Probiotic
supplements
could
provide
some
help
managing
these
However,
we
are
still
need
more
studies.
In
this
narrative
review,
will
shed
light
management
Andrology,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
10(3), P. 441 - 450
Published: Dec. 17, 2021
The
impact
of
the
gut
microbiome
on
organism
has
become
a
growing
research
focus
with
development
16S
rRNA
sequencing.
However,
effect
in
male
reproduction
yet
to
be
investigated.To
overview
possible
mechanisms
by
which
could
affect
and
therapeutic
opportunities
related
METHODS:
Authors
searched
PubMed/MEDLINE,
EMBASE,
Web
Science,
Cochrane
Library
for
medical
subject
headings
terms
free
text
words
referred
"male
infertility"
"testis"
"gut
microbiome"
"insulin
resistance"
"erectile
dysfunction"
"therapy"
"sex
hormones"
"genital
diseases"
until
December
2,
2021.Evidence
suggests
that
immune
system
activation
caused
translocation
not
only
leads
testicular
epididymal
inflammation
but
can
also
induce
insulin
resistance
together
gastrointestinal
hormones
such
as
leptin
ghrelin,
turn
affects
secretion
various
sex
LH,
FSH,
T
regulate
spermatogenesis.
In
addition,
influence
spermatogenesis
controlling
metabolizing
androgens
well
affecting
blood-testis
barrier.
It
promotes
vascular
raising
trimethylamine-N-oxide
(TMAO)
levels
blood,
causes
erectile
dysfunction.
interact
reproductive
function.
This
study
discusses
options
probiotics,
prebiotics,
fecal
microbiota
transplantation,
challenges
behind
ongoing
research,
emphasizes
need
additional
future
demonstrate
links
underlying
between
reproduction.
Therapeutic
transplantation
are
potential
treatments
infertility.Gut
may
have
causal
role
health,
strategies
supplementation
appropriate
probiotics
undertaken
complementary
treatment.
future,
is
needed
International Journal of Biological Sciences,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
18(10), P. 4101 - 4117
Published: Jan. 1, 2022
The
impact
of
the
gut
microbiome
on
host
health
is
becoming
increasingly
recognized.To
date,
there
growing
evidence
that
complex
characteristics
microbial
community
play
key
roles
as
potential
biomarkers
and
predictors
responses
in
cancer
therapy.Many
studies
have
shown
altered
commensal
bacteria
lead
to
susceptibility
progression
diverse
pathways.In
this
review,
we
critically
assess
data
for
microbiota
related
gastrointestinal
cancer,
including
esophageal,
gastric,
pancreatic,
colorectal
hepatocellular
carcinoma
cholangiocarcinoma.Importantly,
underlying
mechanisms
involved
occurrence,
prevention
treatment
are
elucidated.The
purpose
review
provide
novel
insights
applying
understanding
development
new
therapeutic
strategies
by
targeting
community.
Microorganisms,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
10(8), P. 1495 - 1495
Published: July 25, 2022
Subacute
ruminal
acidosis
(SARA)
is
a
common
metabolic
disease
in
ruminants.
In
the
early
stage
of
SARA,
ruminants
do
not
exhibit
obvious
clinical
symptoms.
However,
SARA
often
leads
to
local
inflammatory
diseases
such
as
laminitis,
mastitis,
endometritis
and
hepatitis.
The
mechanism
by
which
largely
unknown.
gut
microbiota
totality
bacteria,
viruses
fungi
inhabiting
gastrointestinal
tract.
Studies
have
found
that
only
crucial
health
but
also
involved
variety
processes,
including
diseases,
autoimmune
tumors
diseases.
shown
intestinal
bacteria
their
metabolites
can
migrate
extraintestinal
distal
organs,
lung,
liver
brain,
through
endogenous
pathways,
leading
related
Combined
with
literature,
we
believe
dysbiosis
rumen
microbiota,
destruction
barrier
function
pathogenesis
lead
entry
and/or
into
body
blood
or
lymphatic
circulation
place
"chronic
low-grade"
state.
Meanwhile,
mammary
gland,
uterus
other
occurrence
aim
this
review
describe
causes
obtain
more
comprehensive
profound
understanding
its
it
great
significance
for
joint
prevention
control
Microorganisms,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
11(4), P. 1083 - 1083
Published: April 20, 2023
Neurodegenerative
disorders
(ND)
are
a
group
of
conditions
that
affect
the
neurons
in
brain
and
spinal
cord,
leading
to
their
degeneration
eventually
causing
loss
function
affected
areas.
These
can
be
caused
by
range
factors,
including
genetics,
environmental
lifestyle
choices.
Major
pathological
signs
these
diseases
protein
misfolding,
proteosomal
dysfunction,
aggregation,
inadequate
degradation,
oxidative
stress,
free
radical
formation,
mitochondrial
dysfunctions,
impaired
bioenergetics,
DNA
damage,
fragmentation
Golgi
apparatus
neurons,
disruption
axonal
transport,
dysfunction
neurotrophins
(NTFs),
neuroinflammatory
or
neuroimmune
processes,
neurohumoral
symptoms.
According
recent
studies,
defects
imbalances
gut
microbiota
directly
lead
neurological
through
gut-brain
axis.
Probiotics
ND
recommended
prevent
cognitive
which
is
major
symptom
diseases.
Many
vivo
clinical
trials
have
revealed
probiotics
(Lactobacillus
acidophilus,
Bifidobacterium
bifidum,
Lactobacillus
casei,
etc.)
effective
candidates
against
progression
ND.
It
has
been
proven
inflammatory
process
stress
modulated
modifying
with
help
probiotics.
As
result,
this
study
provides
an
overview
available
data,
bacterial
variety,
axis
defects,
probiotics’
mode
action
averting
A
literature
search
on
particular
sites,
PubMed,
Nature,
Springer
Link,
identified
articles
might
pertinent
subject.
The
contains
following
few
groups
terms:
(1)
OR
(2)
disorders.
outcomes
aid
elucidating
relationship
between
effects
different
neurodegenerative
This
systematic
review
will
assist
discovering
new
treatments
future,
as
generally
safe
cause
mild
side
some
cases
human
body.
Pharmacological Research,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
207, P. 107321 - 107321
Published: July 20, 2024
The
critical
role
of
the
gut
microbiome
in
gastrointestinal
cancers
is
becoming
increasingly
clear.
Imbalances
microbial
community,
referred
to
as
dysbiosis,
are
linked
increased
risks
for
various
forms
cancers.
Pathogens
like
Fusobacterium
and
Helicobacter
pylori
relate
onset
esophageal
gastric
cancers,
respectively,
while
microbes
such
Porphyromonas
gingivalis
Clostridium
species
have
been
associated
with
a
higher
risk
pancreatic
cancer.
In
colorectal
cancer,
bacteria
nucleatum
known
stimulate
growth
tumor
cells
trigger
cancer-promoting
pathways.
On
other
hand,
beneficial
Bifidobacteria
offer
protective
effect,
potentially
inhibiting
development
potential
therapeutic
interventions
that
manipulate
substantial,
including
strategies
engineer
anti-tumor
metabolites
employ
microbiota-based
treatments.
Despite
progress
understanding
influence
on
significant
challenges
remain
identifying
precise
contributions
specific
their
metabolic
products.
This
knowledge
essential
leveraging
diagnostics
targeted
therapies
Frontiers in Immunology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15
Published: May 10, 2024
Introduction
Aeromonas
hydrophila
,
a
bacterium
widely
distributed
in
the
natural
environment,
causes
multiple
diseases
various
animals.
Exploring
mechanism
of
host
defense
against
A.
can
help
develop
efficient
strategies
infection.
Methods
Herein,
we
investigated
temporal
influence
on
Chinese
soft-shelled
turtle,
an
economically
important
species,
at
biochemical,
transcriptomic,
and
metabolomic
levels.
Plasma
parameters
were
detected
with
test
kits.
Transcriptome
metabolome
respectively
applied
to
screen
differentially
expressed
genes
metabolites.
Results
The
contents
or
activities
these
plasma
significantly
increased
24
hpi
declined
96
hpi,
indicating
that
two
time
points
during
Totals
3121
274
(DEGs)
from
transcriptome
while
74
91
abundant
metabolites
(DAMs)
hpi.
top
DEGs
included
Ccl2,
Ccl3,
Ccl4,
Il1β,
Il6,
Il7,
Il15,
Tnf,
Tnfr1
Zap70,
Cd3g,
Cd8a,
Itk,
Pik3r3,
Cd247,
Malt1,
Cd4
most
predominant
DAMs
O-phospho-L-serine,
γ-Aminobutyric
acid,
orotate,
L-tyrosine,
L-tryptophan
as
well
L-glutamic
L-arginine,
glutathione,
glutathione
disulfide,
citric
acid
Discussion
combined
analysis
revealed
tryptophan
metabolism,
nicotinate
nicotinamide
starch
sucrose
signaling
pathways
early
infective
stage
tyrosine
pyrimidine
alanine,
aspartate
glutamate
metabolism
crucial
later
stage.
In
general,
our
results
indicated
turtle
displays
stage-specific
physiological
responses
resist
