Effect of the ketogenic diet on glycemic control, insulin resistance, and lipid metabolism in patients with T2DM: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Nutrition and Diabetes, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: Nov. 30, 2020

Abstract Background At present, the beneficial effect of ketogenic diet (KD) on weight loss in obese patients is generally recognized. However, a systematic research role KD improvement glycemic and lipid metabolism with diabetes still found scarce. Methods This meta-study employed meta-analysis model random effects or fixed to analyze average difference before after corresponding 95% CI, thereby evaluating T2DM. Results After intervention, terms control, level fasting blood glucose decreased by 1.29 mmol/L (95% CI: −1.78 −0.79) average, glycated hemoglobin A1c 1.07 −1.37 −0.78). As for metabolism, triglyceride was 0.72 −1.01 −0.43) total cholesterol 0.33 −0.66 −0.01), low-density lipoprotein 0.05 −0.25 −0.15); yet, high-density increased 0.14 0.03−0.25). In addition, patients’ 8.66 −11.40 −5.92), waist circumference 9.17 −10.67 −7.66), BMI 3.13 −3.31 −2.95). Conclusion not only has therapeutic control among T2DM but also significantly contributes their loss.

Language: Английский

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Very Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet: A Safe and Effective Tool for Weight Loss in Patients with Obesity and Mild Kidney Failure

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 12(2), P. 333 - 333

Published: Jan. 27, 2020

Very low-calorie ketogenic diets (VLCKD) are an effective and increasingly used tool for weight loss. Traditionally considered high protein, often looked at with concern by clinicians due to the potential harm they pose kidney function. We herein evaluated efficacy safety of a VLCKD in patients obesity mild failure. A prospective observational real-life study was conducted on ninety-two following approximately 3 months. Thirty-eight had failure fifty-four no renal condition were therefore designated as control. Anthropometric parameters, bioelectrical impedance biochemistry data collected before end dietary intervention. The average loss nearly 20% initial weight, significant reduction fat mass. report improvement metabolic parameters clinically relevant variation regarding liver Upon stratification based function, differences outcomes found. Interestingly, 27.7% reported normalization glomerular filtrate after conclude that, when under supervision healthcare professionals, is safe treatment obesity, including those affected

Language: Английский

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Dietary interventions for obesity: clinical and mechanistic findings

Journal of Clinical Investigation, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 131(1)

Published: Jan. 3, 2021

Dietary modification is central to obesity treatment. Weight loss diets are available that include various permutations of energy restriction, macronutrients, foods, and dietary intake patterns. Caloric restriction the common pathway for weight reduction, but different may induce by varied additional mechanisms, including facilitating adherence. This narrative Review meta-analyses select clinical trials found lower-calorie diets, compared with higher-calorie regimens, reliably induced larger short-term (<6 months) losses, deterioration this benefit over long term (>12 months). Few significant long-term differences in were observed varying macronutrient composition, although some regimens have advantages (e.g., low carbohydrate versus fat). Progress improving adherence, which critical both short- loss, could result from greater efforts identify behavioral metabolic phenotypes among dieters.

Language: Английский

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The Potential Health Benefits of the Ketogenic Diet: A Narrative Review

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(5), P. 1654 - 1654

Published: May 13, 2021

Considering the lack of a comprehensive, multi-faceted overview ketogenic diet (KD) in relation to health issues, we compiled evidence related use its impact on microbiome, epigenome, diabetes, weight loss, cardiovascular health, and cancer. The KD could potentially increase genetic diversity microbiome ratio Bacteroidetes Firmicutes. epigenome might be positively affected by since it creates signaling molecule known as β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB). has helped patients with diabetes reduce their HbA1c need for insulin. There is suggest that can help visceral adiposity, appetite control. also suggests eating high-fat improves lipid profiles lowering low-density lipoprotein (LDL), increasing high-density (HDL), triglycerides (TG). Due Warburg effect, used an adjuvant treatment starve cancer cells, making them more vulnerable chemotherapy radiation. potential positive impacts each these areas warrant further analysis, improved studies, well-designed randomized controlled trials illuminate therapeutic possibilities provided this dietary intervention.

Language: Английский

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Modulation of Cellular Biochemistry, Epigenetics and Metabolomics by Ketone Bodies. Implications of the Ketogenic Diet in the Physiology of the Organism and Pathological States

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 12(3), P. 788 - 788

Published: March 17, 2020

Ketone bodies (KBs), comprising β-hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate and acetone, are a set of fuel molecules serving as an alternative energy source to glucose. KBs mainly produced by the liver from fatty acids during periods fasting, prolonged or intense physical activity. In diabetes, type-1, ketoacidosis is pathological response glucose malabsorption. Endogenous production ketone promoted consumption ketogenic diet (KD), virtually devoid carbohydrates. Despite its recently widespread use, systemic impact KD only partially understood, ranges physiologically beneficial outcomes in particular circumstances potentially harmful effects. Here, we firstly review body metabolism molecular signaling, then link understanding bodies’ biochemistry controversies regarding their putative proven medical benefits. We overview physiological consequences consumption, focusing on (i) KB-induced histone post-translational modifications, particularly β-hydroxybutyrylation acetylation, which appears be core epigenetic mechanisms activity β-hydroxybutyrate modulate inflammation; (ii) inflammatory responses KD; (iii) benefits context neuronal disease cancer; (iv) KD’s application cardiovascular health performance.

Language: Английский

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Ketogenic Diet Benefits to Weight Loss, Glycemic Control, and Lipid Profiles in Overweight Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trails

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 19(16), P. 10429 - 10429

Published: Aug. 22, 2022

A ketogenic diet, characterized by low calories with high levels of fat, adequate protein, and carbohydrates, has beneficial effects on body weight control in overweight patients. In the present study, a meta-analysis was conducted to investigate role diet glycemic management patients type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). summary, we systematically reviewed articles from Embase, PubMed, Web Science Cochrane Library databases obtained eight randomized controlled trials for meta-analysis. The results show that had significantly loss (SMD, −5.63, p = 0.008), reduction waist circumference −2.32, 0.04), lowering glycated hemoglobin −0.38, 0.0008) triglycerides −0.36, 0.0001), increasing high-density lipoproteins 0.28, 0.003). Overall, these suggest may be an effective dietary intervention control, as well improved lipid profiles T2DM. Hence, can recommended therapeutic

Language: Английский

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Effects of ketogenic diet on health outcomes: an umbrella review of meta-analyses of randomized clinical trials

BMC Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: May 25, 2023

Abstract Background Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) have reported the benefits ketogenic diets (KD) in various participants such as patients with epilepsy adults overweight or obesity . Nevertheless, there has been little synthesis strength quality this evidence aggregate. Methods To grade from published RCTs that assessed association KD, low-carbohydrate high-fat diet (K-LCHF), very low-calorie KD (VLCKD) health outcomes, PubMed, EMBASE, Epistemonikos, Cochrane database systematic were searched up to February 15, 2023. Meta-analyses included. re-performed using a random-effects model. The per provided was rated by GRADE (Grading Recommendations, Assessment, Development, Evaluations) criteria high, moderate, low, low. Results We included 17 comprising 68 (median [interquartile range, IQR] sample size 42 [20–104] follow-up period 13 [8–36] weeks) 115 unique associations. There 51 statistically significant associations (44%) which four supported high-quality (reduced triglyceride ( n = 2), seizure frequency 1) increased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) 1)) moderate-quality (decrease body weight, respiratory exchange ratio (RER), hemoglobin A 1c , total cholesterol). remaining low (26 associations) (17 evidence. In obese adults, VLCKD significantly associated improvement anthropometric cardiometabolic outcomes without worsening muscle mass, LDL-C, cholesterol. K-LCHF reduced weight fat percentage, but also mass healthy participants. Conclusions This umbrella review found beneficial moderate on several parameters. However, clinically meaningful increase LDL-C. Clinical long-term are warranted investigate whether short-term effects will translate cardiovascular events mortality.

Language: Английский

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The Ketogenic Diet and Cardiovascular Diseases

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(15), P. 3368 - 3368

Published: July 28, 2023

The most common and increasing causes of death worldwide are cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Taking into account the fact that diet is a key factor, it worth exploring this aspect CVD prevention therapy. aim article to assess potential ketogenic in treatment CVD. comprehensive, meticulous analysis literature area, taking recent studies currently available. has been shown have multifaceted effect on Among other aspects, beneficial blood lipid profile, even compared diets. It shows strong anti-inflammatory cardioprotective potential, which due, among factors, properties state ketosis, elimination simple sugars, restriction total carbohydrates supply omega-3 fatty acids. In addition, ketone bodies provide "rescue fuel" for diseased heart by affecting its metabolism. They also function vascular endothelium, including improving inhibiting premature ageing. pressure risk factors through, weight loss. evidence cited often superior standard diets, making likely advantages over dietary models diseases. There legitimate need further research area.

Language: Английский

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Ketogenic nutritional therapy (KeNuT)—a multi-step dietary model with meal replacements for the management of obesity and its related metabolic disorders: a consensus statement from the working group of the Club of the Italian Society of Endocrinology (SIE)—diet therapies in endocrinology and metabolism

Journal of Endocrinological Investigation, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 47(3), P. 487 - 500

Published: Jan. 18, 2024

Abstract Purpose The ketogenic nutritional therapy (KeNuT) is an effective dietary treatment for patients with obesity and obesity-related comorbidities, including type 2 diabetes, dyslipidaemia, hypertension, coronary artery disease, some of cancers. However, to date official document on the correct prescription diet, validated by authoritative societies in nutrition or endocrine sciences, missing. It important emphasize that requires proper medical supervision patient selection, due complex biochemical implications ketosis need a strict therapeutic compliance, experienced nutritionist personalization whole protocol. Methods This practical guide provides update main clinical indications contraindications meal replacements its mechanisms action. In addition, various phases protocol involving replacements, monitoring, management potential side effects, are also discussed. Conclusion will help healthcare provider acquire necessary skills provide comprehensive care overweight, diseases, using multistep treatment, recognized Club Italian Society Endocrinology (SIE)—Diet Therapies Metabolism.

Language: Английский

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Unlocking the potential: very-low-energy ketogenic therapy in obesity-related disorders

Food and Agricultural Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 36(1)

Published: Jan. 16, 2025

The Very Low-Energy Ketogenic Therapy (VLEKT) is a structured, multi-phase dietary regimen characterized by carbohydrate intake of less than 50 g/day and daily caloric fewer 800 kcal, which induces ketosis facilitates significant weight loss. Evidence suggests that this nutritional therapy can improve glycemic control, lipid profiles, blood pressure, making it promising option for managing type 2 diabetes (T2D) reducing cardiovascular risk. These benefits are achieved through reductions in triglycerides low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), alongside increases high-density (HDL-c). However, the effects VLEKT on metabolism remain controversial. review emphasizes urgent need further research to validate long-term safety efficacy VLEKT. It also highlights critical role personalized plans, supervised healthcare professionals, optimize health outcomes address individual patient needs.

Language: Английский

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