Role of the gut microbiome in three major psychiatric disorders

Psychological Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 52(7), P. 1222 - 1242

Published: May 1, 2022

Abstract Major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar (BD) and schizophrenia-spectrum disorders (SSD) are heterogeneous psychiatric disorders, which place significant burden on patient's well-being global health. Disruptions in the gut-microbiome may play a role these disorders. This review presents current data composition of human gastrointestinal microbiota, its interaction mechanisms gut–brain axis MDD, BD SSD. Diversity metrics microbial relative abundance differed across studies. More studies reported inconsistent findings ( n = 7) or no differences 8) than who lower α -diversity 5). The most consistent were higher abundances genera Streptococcus , Lactobacillus Eggerthella butyrate producing Faecalibacterium patients with All three increased associated symptom severity. Confounders, such as medication use life style have not been accounted for. So far, results probiotics trials inconsistent. Most traditional widely used (consisting Bifidobacterium spp. spp.) safe, however, they do correct potential microbiota disbalances Findings prebiotics faecal transplantation (FMT) too limited to draw definitive conclusions. Disease-specific pro/prebiotic treatment even FMT could be auspicious interventions for prevention therapy should investigated future trials.

Language: Английский

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Probiotic, prebiotic, synbiotic and fermented food supplementation in psychiatric disorders: A systematic review of clinical trials

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 158, P. 105561 - 105561

Published: Jan. 26, 2024

The use of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics or fermented foods can modulate the gut-brain axis and constitute a potentially therapeutic intervention in psychiatric disorders. This systematic review aims to identify current evidence regarding these interventions treatment patients with DSM/ICD diagnoses. Forty-seven articles from 42 studies met inclusion criteria. Risk bias was assessed all included studies. Major depression most studied disorder (n=19 studies). Studies frequently focused on schizophrenia (n=11) bipolar (n=5) there were limited anorexia nervosa (n=4), ADHD (n=3), Tourette (n=1), insomnia PTSD (n=1) generalized anxiety (n=1). Except MDD, does not clarify role probiotics prebiotics mental illness. Several point an improvement immune inflammatory profile (e.g. CRP, IL6), which may be relevant mechanism action response identified Future research should consider lifestyle dietary habits as possible confounders that influence inter-individual response.

Language: Английский

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Effectiveness of Psychobiotics in the Treatment of Psychiatric and Cognitive Disorders: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(9), P. 1352 - 1352

Published: April 30, 2024

In this study, a systematic review of randomized clinical trials conducted from January 2000 to December 2023 was performed examine the efficacy psychobiotics—probiotics beneficial mental health via gut–brain axis—in adults with psychiatric and cognitive disorders. Out 51 studies involving 3353 patients where half received psychobiotics, there notably high measurement effectiveness specifically in treatment depression symptoms. Most participants were older female, treatments commonly utilizing strains Lactobacillus Bifidobacteria over periods ranging 4 24 weeks. Although general agreement on variability approaches presentations limits comparability generalization findings. This underscores need for more personalized optimization deeper investigation into mechanisms through which psychobiotics act. The research corroborates therapeutic potential represents progress management

Language: Английский

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The relationship between the gut microbiota and oxidative stress in the cognitive function of schizophrenia: A pilot study in China

Schizophrenia Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 267, P. 444 - 450

Published: April 20, 2024

Language: Английский

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Nutraceuticals in Psychiatric Disorders: A Systematic Review

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(9), P. 4824 - 4824

Published: April 28, 2024

Correct nutrition and diet are directly correlated with mental health, functions of the immune system, gut microbiota composition. Diets a high content some nutrients, such as fibers, phytochemicals, short-chain fatty acids (omega-3 acids), seem to have an anti-inflammatory protective action on nervous system. Among nutraceuticals, supplementation probiotics omega-3 plays role in improving symptoms several disorders. In this review, we collect data efficacy nutraceuticals patients schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorders, major depression, bipolar disorder, personality This narrative review aims provide overview recent evidence obtained topic, pointing out direction for future research.

Language: Английский

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Effect of Probiotics on C-Reactive Protein Levels in Schizophrenia: Evidence from a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Complementary Therapies in Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 103126 - 103126

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Inflammatory markers play a pivotal role in schizophrenia, as they provide insight into the neuroinflammatory processes occurring context of disorder. Elevated levels these markers, particularly C-reactive protein (CRP), can indicate an underlying immune system dysregulation, potentially influencing symptom severity and progression. Recognizing has led to investigate use probiotics adjuvant improve treatment schizophrenia. The main objective this study is rigorously evaluate efficacy reducing plasma CRP patients with A systematic search meta-analysis were conducted review randomized clinical trials following PRISMA methodology. strategy ((SCHIZO* OR PSYCHOTIC PSYCHOSES) AND (PROBIOTIC* BIFIDOBACTER* LACTOBACILL*)) was used for searching publications between June-December 2024 on PubMed, Web Science, APA PsycINFO databases. Individual quality assessed Cochrane risk bias (RoB2) certainty total evidence GRADE system. primary outcome impact probiotic supplementation levels. Out 78 studies initially identified, 4 finally included meta-analysis. Three out four found significant reduction high-sensitivity supplemented compared placebo group. pooled analysis revealed supplementation, standardized mean difference (SMD) -0.46, (95% CI -0.719; -0.201; p = 0.001). synthesis available literature potential serum schizophrenia placebo. However, more better control experimental design are needed before clear recommendation therapy be made.

Language: Английский

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Gut microbiome in schizophrenia and antipsychotic-induced metabolic alterations: a scoping review

Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a severe mental disorder with high morbidity and lifetime disability rates. Patients SCZ have higher risk of developing metabolic comorbidities such as obesity diabetes mellitus, leading to increased mortality. Antipsychotics (APs), which are the mainstay in treatment SCZ, increase these perturbations. Despite extensive research, mechanism underlying pathophysiology associated remains unclear. In recent years, gut microbiota (GMB) has been regarded ‘chamber secrets’, particularly context illnesses depression, bipolar disorder. this scoping review, we aimed investigate role GMB alterations APs. Furthermore, also explored therapeutic benefits prebiotic probiotic formulations managing AP-induced alterations. A systematic literature search yielded 46 studies from both preclinical clinical settings that met inclusion criteria for qualitative synthesis. Preliminary evidence indicates composition changes pathogenesis Fecal transplantation patients mice shown induce SCZ-like behavioral phenotypes, further supporting plausible pathogenesis. This review recapitulates suggesting symptomatology adverse effects Moreover, discusses potentials prebiotic/probiotic improving symptoms attenuating related

Language: Английский

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Clinical significance of microbiota changes under the influence of psychotropic drugs. An updated narrative review

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: March 1, 2023

Relationship between drugs and microbiota is bilateral. Proper composition thus function of a key to some medications used in modern medicine. However, there also the other side coin. Pharmacotherapeutic agents can modify significantly, which consequently affects its function. A recently published study showed that nearly 25% administered humans have antimicrobial effects. Multiple antidepressants are antimicrobials,. antibiotics with proven antidepressant effects do exist. On hand, (e.g., isoniaside, minocycline) confer mental phenotype changes, adverse caused by include neurological psychological symptoms further supports hypothesis intestinal may affect central nervous system. Here we gathered comprehensively data on psychiatry regarding their properties. We believe our has strong implications for treatment psychiatric entities. Nevertheless ours highlights need more well-designed trials aimed at analysis gut

Language: Английский

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Therapeutic modulation of the kynurenine pathway in severe mental illness and comorbidities: A potential role for serotonergic psychedelics

Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 134, P. 111058 - 111058

Published: June 15, 2024

Mounting evidence points towards a crucial role of the kynurenine pathway (KP) in altered gut-brain axis (GBA) balance severe mental illness (SMI, namely depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia) cardiometabolic comorbidities. Preliminary shows that serotonergic psychedelics their analogues may hold therapeutic potential addressing KP dysregulated GBA SMI In fact, aside from effects on mood, elicit improvement preclinical models obesity, metabolic syndrome, vascular inflammation, which are highly comorbid with SMI. Here, we review literature modulation comorbidities, application to address brain systemic dysfunction underlying Psychedelics might therapeutically modulate comorbidities either directly, via altering by influencing rate-limiting enzymes affecting levels available tryptophan, or indirectly, gut microbiome, metabolome, metabolism, immune system. Despite promising preliminary evidence, mechanisms outcomes remain largely unknown require further investigation. Several concerns discussed surrounding side this approach specific cohorts individuals

Language: Английский

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Investigating the Impacts of Diet, Supplementation, Microbiota, Gut–Brain Axis on Schizophrenia: A Narrative Review

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(14), P. 2228 - 2228

Published: July 11, 2024

Schizophrenia is a disease with complex etiology that significantly impairs the functioning of patients. In recent years, there has been increasing focus on importance gut microbiota in context gut-brain axis. our study, we analyzed data axis relation to schizophrenia, as well impacts eating habits, use various supplements, and diets schizophrenia. Additionally, study investigated impact antipsychotics development metabolic disorders, such diabetes, dyslipidemia, obesity. There may be significant clinical benefits gained from therapies supported by supplements omega-3 fatty acids, B vitamins, probiotics. The results suggest need for holistic approach treatment incorporating both drug therapy dietary interventions.

Language: Английский

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