International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
24(2), P. 1786 - 1786
Published: Jan. 16, 2023
The
emerging
concept
of
cancer
stem
cells
(CSCs)
as
the
key
driver
behind
carcinogenesis,
progression,
and
diversity
has
displaced
prior
model
a
tumor
composed
with
similar
subsequently
acquired
mutations
an
equivalent
capacity
for
renewal,
invasion,
metastasis.
This
significant
change
shifted
research
focus
toward
targeting
CSCs
to
eradicate
cancer.
may
be
characterized
using
cell
surface
markers.
They
are
defined
by
their
self-renew
differentiate,
resist
conventional
therapies,
generate
new
tumors
following
repeated
transplantation
in
xenografted
mice.
CSCs'
functional
capabilities
governed
various
intracellular
extracellular
variables
such
pluripotency-related
transcription
factors,
internal
signaling
pathways,
external
stimuli.
Numerous
natural
compounds
synthetic
chemicals
have
been
investigated
ability
disrupt
these
regulatory
components
inhibit
stemness
terminal
differentiation
CSCs,
hence
achieving
clinical
implications.
However,
no
treatment
focuses
on
biological
consequences
drugs
functions
established.
article
provides
biomedical
discussion
at
time
along
overview
origin,
features,
characterization,
isolation
techniques,
novel
targeted
therapeutic
approaches.
Additionally,
we
highlighted
factors
endorsed
controlling
or
helping
promote
CSCs.
Our
objective
was
encourage
future
studies
prospective
treatments
develop
framework
application
single
combined
therapeutics
forms
Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
10(1)
Published: Aug. 23, 2019
Developing
biomimetic
nanoparticles
without
loss
of
the
integrity
proteins
remains
a
major
challenge
in
cancer
chemotherapy.
Here,
we
develop
biocompatible
tumor-cell-exocytosed
exosome-biomimetic
porous
silicon
(PSiNPs)
as
drug
carrier
for
targeted
Exosome-sheathed
doxorubicin-loaded
PSiNPs
(DOX@E-PSiNPs),
generated
by
exocytosis
endocytosed
DOX-loaded
from
tumor
cells,
exhibit
enhanced
accumulation,
extravasation
blood
vessels
and
penetration
into
deep
parenchyma
following
intravenous
administration.
In
addition,
DOX@E-PSiNPs,
regardless
their
origin,
possess
significant
cellular
uptake
cytotoxicity
both
bulk
cells
stem
(CSCs).
These
properties
endow
DOX@E-PSiNPs
with
great
vivo
enrichment
total
side
population
features
CSCs,
resulting
anticancer
activity
CSCs
reduction
subcutaneous,
orthotopic
metastatic
models.
results
provide
proof-of-concept
use
exocytosed
promising
efficient
Advanced Materials,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
32(13)
Published: July 28, 2019
Development
of
drug-delivery
systems
that
selectively
target
neoplastic
cells
has
been
a
major
goal
nanomedicine.
One
strategy
for
achieving
this
milestone
is
to
install
ligands
on
the
surface
nanocarriers
enhance
delivery
tissues,
as
well
internalization
by
cells,
which
improves
accuracy,
efficacy,
and
ultimately
enhances
patient
outcomes.
Herein,
recent
advances
regarding
development
ligand-installed
are
introduced
effect
their
design
biological
performance
discussed.
Besides
academic
achievements,
progress
in
clinical
trials
presented,
along
with
challenges
faced
these
formulations.
Lastly,
future
perspectives
discussed,
particular
emphasis
potential
emerging
precision
therapies.
Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
11(1), P. 55 - 70
Published: Oct. 2, 2020
Cancer
stem
cells
(CSCs)
are
a
subpopulation
of
cancer
with
functions
similar
to
those
normal
cells.
Although
few
in
number,
they
capable
self-renewal,
unlimited
proliferation,
and
multi-directional
differentiation
potential.
In
addition,
CSCs
have
the
ability
escape
immune
surveillance.
Thus,
play
an
important
role
occurrence
development
tumors,
closely
related
tumor
invasion,
metastasis,
drug
resistance,
recurrence
after
treatment.
Therefore,
specific
targeting
may
improve
efficiency
therapy.
A
series
corresponding
promising
therapeutic
strategies
based
on
CSC
targeting,
such
as
niche,
signaling
pathways,
mitochondria,
currently
under
development.
Given
rapid
progression
this
field
nanotechnology,
delivery
systems
(DDSs)
for
increasingly
being
developed.
review,
we
summarize
advances
CSC-targeted
DDSs.
Furthermore,
highlight
latest
developmental
trends
through
main
line
process;
some
considerations
about
rationale,
advantages,
limitations
different
DDSs
therapies
were
discussed.
Small,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
14(19)
Published: Feb. 9, 2018
Abstract
Due
to
their
unique
optical
properties,
diamonds
are
the
most
valued
gemstones.
However,
beyond
sparkle,
have
a
number
of
properties.
Their
extreme
hardness
gives
them
outstanding
performance
as
abrasives
and
cutting
tools.
Similar
many
materials,
nanometer‐sized
form
has
yet
other
Nanodiamonds
very
inert
but
still
can
be
functionalized
on
surface.
Additionally,
they
made
in
small
sizes
narrow
size
distribution.
also
host
stable
fluorescent
defects.
Since
protected
crystal
lattice,
never
bleach.
These
defects
utilized
for
nanoscale
sensing
since
change
example,
based
temperature
or
magnetic
fields
surroundings.
In
this
Review,
vivo
applications
focused
upon.
To
end,
how
different
diamond
materials
affects
properties
discussed
first.
Next,
biocompatibility
studies
reviewed.
Finally,
reader
is
introduced
diamonds.
include
drug
delivery,
aiding
radiology,
labeling,
use
cosmetics.
The
field
critically
reviewed
perspective
future
developments
provided.
Nanoscale,
Journal Year:
2016,
Volume and Issue:
8(12), P. 6801 - 6809
Published: Jan. 1, 2016
Carbon
dots
(CDs)
have
shown
great
potential
in
imaging
and
drug/gene
delivery
applications.
In
this
work,
CDs
functionalized
with
a
nuclear
localization
signal
peptide
(NLS-CDs)
were
employed
to
transport
doxorubicin
(DOX)
into
cancer
cells
for
enhanced
antitumor
activity.
DOX
was
coupled
NLS-CDs
(DOX-CDs)
through
an
acid-labile
hydrazone
bond,
which
cleavable
the
weakly
acidic
intracellular
compartments.
The
cytotoxicity
of
DOX-CD
complexes
evaluated
by
MTT
assay
cellular
uptake
monitored
using
flow
cytometry
confocal
laser
scanning
microscopy.
Cell
confirmed
that
DOX-CDs
mainly
located
nucleus.
Furthermore,
could
efficiently
induce
apoptosis
human
lung
adenocarcinoma
A549
cells.
vivo
therapeutic
efficacy
investigated
xenograft
nude
mice
model
exhibited
ability
inhibit
tumor
growth
compared
free
DOX.
Thus,
conjugates
may
be
exploited
as
promising
drug
vehicles
therapy.
Advanced Functional Materials,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
28(40)
Published: Aug. 6, 2018
Abstract
The
limited
penetration
of
nanoparticles
in
primary
tumors
and
metastases
remains
a
great
challenge
for
effective
treatment
tumor
metastasis.
This
review
outlines
the
current
approaches
summarizes
rational
design
with
deep
capacity
anti‐metastasis
treatment.
There
are
two
ways
to
achieve
better
penetration;
through
regulation
physicochemical
properties
remodeling
microenvironment,
including
vasculature
stromal
environment.
Moreover,
biomimetic
strategies
that
integrate
advantages
metastasis‐homing
molecules
during
cancer
cell
metastasis
discussed.
These
efforts
have
led
promising
results
facilitating
intratumoral
permeation
various
enhance
antitumor
effects.
considerations
some
feasible
future
directions
proposed
improve
therapies.
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces,
Journal Year:
2017,
Volume and Issue:
9(28), P. 24140 - 24147
Published: July 4, 2017
Protein
drugs
with
intracellular
targets
like
Granzyme
B
(GrB)
have
demonstrated
great
proliferative
inhibition
activity
in
cancer
cells.
Their
clinical
translation,
however,
relies
on
the
development
of
safe,
efficient,
and
selective
protein-delivery
vehicles.
Here,
we
report
that
epidermal
growth
factor
receptor
(EGFR)
CD44
dual-targeted
multifunctional
hyaluronic
acid
nanogels
(EGFR/CD44-NGs)
boost
protein
delivery
to
ovarian
breast
cancers
vitro
vivo.
EGFR/CD44-NGs
obtained
via
nanoprecipitation
photoclick
chemistry
from
derivatives
tetrazole,
GE11
peptide/tetrazole,
cystamine
methacrylate
groups
had
nearly
quantitative
loading
therapeutic
proteins
cytochrome
C
(CC)
GrB,
a
small
size
ca.
165
nm,
excellent
stability
serum,
fast
release
under
reductive
condition.
Flow
cytometry
assays
showed
exhibited
over
6-fold
better
uptake
EGFR-positive
SKOV-3
cells
than
CD44-NGs.
In
accordance,
GrB-loaded
(GrB-EGFR/CD44-NGs)
displayed
enhanced
caspase
as
compared
CD44-NGs
(GrB-CD44-NGs)
control.
Intriguingly,
studies
human
carcinoma
MDA-MB-231
tumor
xenografted
nude
mice
revealed
GrB-EGFR/CD44-NGs
at
low
dose
3.85
nmol
GrB
equiv/kg
induced
complete
suppression
both
tumors,
which
was
obviously
more
effective
GrB-CD44-NGs,
without
causing
any
adverse
effects.
EGFR
appeared
safe
efficacious
platform
for
therapy.