Respiration
is
a
brain
function
on
which
our
lives
essentially
depend.
Control
of
respiration
ensures
that
the
frequency
and
depth
breathing
adapt
continuously
to
metabolic
needs.
In
addition,
respiratory
control
network
has
organize
muscular
synergies
integrate
ventilation
with
posture
body
movement.
Finally,
coupled
cardiovascular
emotion.
Here,
we
argue
can
handle
this
all
by
integrating
brainstem
central
pattern
generator
circuit
in
larger
also
comprises
cerebellum.
Although
currently
not
generally
recognized
as
center,
cerebellum
well
known
for
its
coordinating
modulating
role
motor
behavior,
autonomic
nervous
system.
review,
discuss
regions
involved
respiration,
their
anatomical
functional
interactions.
We
how
sensory
feedback
result
adaptation
these
mechanisms
be
compromised
various
neurological
psychological
disorders.
demonstrate
generators
are
part
integrated
regions.
Journal of Movement Disorders,
Journal Year:
2017,
Volume and Issue:
10(1), P. 1 - 17
Published: Jan. 18, 2017
Here
we
argue
functional
neuroanatomy
for
posture-gait
control.Multi-sensory
information
such
as
somatosensory,
visual
and
vestibular
sensation
act
on
various
areas
of
the
brain
so
that
adaptable
control
can
be
achieved.Automatic
process
gait,
which
is
steady-state
stepping
movements
associating
with
postural
reflexes
including
headeye
coordination
accompanied
by
appropriate
alignment
body
segments
optimal
level
muscle
tone,
mediated
descending
pathways
from
brainstem
to
spinal
cord.Particularly,
reticulospinal
arising
lateral
part
mesopontine
tegmentum
locomotor
network
contribute
this
process.On
other
hand,
walking
in
unfamiliar
circumstance
requires
cognitive
control,
depends
knowledges
self-body,
schema
motion
space.The
produced
at
temporoparietal
association
cortex,
fundamental
sustention
vertical
posture
construction
motor
programs.The
programs
cortical
run
execute
anticipatory
adjustment
achievement
goal-directed
movements.The
basal
ganglia
cerebellum
may
affect
both
automatic
processes
posturegait
through
reciprocal
connections
cerebral
respectively.Consequently,
impairments
function
damages
disturb
resulting
falling.
Physiological Reviews,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
100(1), P. 271 - 320
Published: Sept. 12, 2019
The
vertebrate
control
of
locomotion
involves
all
levels
the
nervous
system
from
cortex
to
spinal
cord.
Here,
we
aim
cover
main
aspects
this
complex
behavior,
operation
microcircuits
in
cord
systems
and
behavioral
extend
mammalian
basic
undulatory
movements
lamprey
fish.
cellular
basis
propulsion
represents
core
system,
it
central
pattern
generator
networks
(CPGs)
controlling
timing
different
muscles,
sensory
compensation
for
perturbations,
brain
stem
command
level
activity
CPGs
speed
locomotion.
forebrain
particular
basal
ganglia
are
involved
determining
which
motor
programs
should
be
recruited
at
a
given
point
time
can
both
initiate
stop
locomotor
activity.
propulsive
needs
integrated
with
postural
maintain
body
orientation.
Moreover,
need
steered
so
that
subject
approaches
goal
episode,
or
avoids
colliding
elements
environment
simply
escapes
high
speed.
These
will
covered
review.
