Chemical Reviews,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
119(16), P. 9559 - 9656
Published: July 9, 2019
Nanocarbons
with
different
dimensions
(e.g.,
0D
fullerenes
and
carbon
nanodots,
1D
nanotubes
graphene
nanoribbons,
2D
oxides,
3D
nanodiamonds)
have
attracted
enormous
interest
for
applications
ranging
from
electronics,
optoelectronics,
photovoltaics
to
sensing,
bioimaging,
therapeutics
due
their
unique
physical
chemical
properties.
Among
them,
nanocarbon-based
theranostics
(i.e.,
diagnostics)
is
one
of
the
most
intensively
studied
applications,
as
these
nanocarbon
materials
serve
excellent
biosensors,
versatile
drug/gene
carriers
specific
targeting
in
vivo,
effective
photothermal
nanoagents
cancer
therapy,
promising
fluorescent
nanolabels
cell
tissue
imaging.
This
review
provides
a
systematic
overview
latest
theranostic
comprehensive
comparison
characteristics
influences
on
applications.
We
first
introduce
allotropes
that
can
be
used
respective
preparation
surface
functionalization
approaches
well
Theranostic
are
described
separately
both
vitro
vivo
systems
by
highlighting
protocols
biosystems,
followed
toxicity
biodegradability
implications.
Finally,
this
outlines
design
considerations
key
unifying
themes
will
foundational
principle
researchers
study,
investigate,
generate
effective,
biocompatible,
nontoxic
materials-based
models
we
summarize
an
outlook
challenges
novel
using
hard-to-treat
cancers
other
diseases.
intends
present
guideline
nanotechnology
biomedicine
selection
strategy
according
requirements.
Chemical Reviews,
Journal Year:
2017,
Volume and Issue:
117(3), P. 901 - 986
Published: Jan. 3, 2017
In
vivo
imaging,
which
enables
us
to
peer
deeply
within
living
subjects,
is
producing
tremendous
opportunities
both
for
clinical
diagnostics
and
as
a
research
tool.
Contrast
material
often
required
clearly
visualize
the
functional
architecture
of
physiological
structures.
Recent
advances
in
nanomaterials
are
becoming
pivotal
generate
high-resolution,
high-contrast
images
needed
accurate,
precision
diagnostics.
Nanomaterials
playing
major
roles
imaging
by
delivering
large
payloads,
yielding
improved
sensitivity,
multiplexing
capacity,
modularity
design.
Indeed,
several
modalities,
now
not
simply
ancillary
contrast
entities,
but
instead
original
sole
source
image
signal
that
make
possible
modality's
existence.
We
address
physicochemical
makeup/design
through
lens
physical
properties
produce
cognate
modality-we
stratify
on
basis
their
(i)
magnetic,
(ii)
optical,
(iii)
acoustic,
and/or
(iv)
nuclear
properties.
evaluate
them
ability
provide
relevant
information
under
preclinical
circumstances,
safety
profiles
(which
being
incorporated
into
chemical
design),
fused
create
multimodal
(spanning
multiple
different
modalities
therapeutic/theranostic
capabilities),
key
properties,
critically
likelihood
be
clinically
translated.
Chemical Society Reviews,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
47(12), P. 4258 - 4278
Published: Jan. 1, 2018
Recent
advances
in
the
chemical
design
and
synthesis
of
fluorophores
second
near-infrared
biological
window
(NIR-II)
for
multimodal
imaging
theranostics
are
summarized
highlighted
this
review
article.
Advanced Materials,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
31(24)
Published: April 26, 2019
Fluorescence
bioimaging
affords
a
vital
tool
for
both
researchers
and
surgeons
to
molecularly
target
variety
of
biological
tissues
processes.
This
review
focuses
on
summarizing
organic
dyes
emitting
at
transparency
window
termed
the
near-infrared-II
(NIR-II)
window,
where
minimal
light
interaction
with
surrounding
allows
photons
travel
nearly
unperturbed
throughout
body.
NIR-II
fluorescence
imaging
overcomes
penetration/contrast
bottleneck
in
visible
region,
making
it
remarkable
modality
early
diagnosis
cancer
highly
sensitive
tumor
surgery.
Due
their
convenient
bioconjugation
peptides/antibodies,
molecular
are
desirable
candidates
targeted
imaging,
significantly
overcoming
autofluorescence/scattering
issues
deep
tissue
imaging.
To
promote
clinical
translation
bioimaging,
advancements
high-performance
small
molecule-derived
probes
critically
important.
Here,
molecules
potential
discussed,
synthesis
chemical
structures
dyes,
optical
properties
behavior
whole
body
detection
surgery,
as
well
microscopy
A
key
perspective
direction
surgery
is
also
discussed.
Journal of the American Chemical Society,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
142(35), P. 14789 - 14804
Published: Aug. 7, 2020
Fluorescence
imaging
has
become
a
fundamental
tool
for
biomedical
applications;
nevertheless,
its
intravital
capacity
in
the
conventional
wavelength
range
(400–950
nm)
been
restricted
by
extremely
limited
tissue
penetration.
To
tackle
this
challenge,
novel
approach
using
fluorescence
second
near-infrared
window
(NIR-II,
1000–1700
developed
past
decade
to
achieve
deep
penetration
and
high-fidelity
imaging,
thus
significant
applications
have
begun
emerge.
In
Perspective,
we
first
examine
recent
discoveries
challenges
development
of
NIR-II
fluorophores
compatible
apparatuses.
Subsequently,
advances
bioimaging,
biosensing,
therapy
such
cutting-edge
technique
are
highlighted.
Finally,
based
on
achievement
representative
studies,
elucidate
main
concerns
regarding
give
some
advice
prospects
future
applications.