Mycovirus Diversity and Evolution Revealed/Inferred from Recent Studies

Annual Review of Phytopathology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 60(1), P. 307 - 336

Published: May 25, 2022

High-throughput virome analyses with various fungi, from cultured or uncultured sources, have led to the discovery of diverse viruses unique genome structures and even neo-lifestyles. Examples in former category include splipalmiviruses ambiviruses. Splipalmiviruses, related yeast narnaviruses, multiple positive-sense (+) single-stranded (ss) RNA genomic segments that separately encode RNA-dependent polymerase motifs, hallmark (members kingdom Orthornavirae). Ambiviruses appear an undivided ssRNA 3∼5 kb two large open reading frames (ORFs) separated by intergenic regions. Another narna-like virus group has fully overlapping ORFs on both strands a segment span more than 90% size. New lifestyles exhibited mycoviruses yado-kari/yado-nushi nature characterized partnership between (+)ssRNA yadokarivirus unrelated dsRNA (donor capsid for former) hadaka capsidless 10–11 segmented accessible RNase infected mycelial homogenates. Furthermore, polymycoviruses phylogenetic affinity animal caliciviruses been shown be infectious as dsRNA–protein complexes deproteinized naked dsRNA. Many previous gaps filled recently discovered fungal other viruses, which haveprovided interesting evolutionary insights. Phylogenetic natural experimental cross-kingdom infections suggest horizontal transfer may occurred continue occur fungi kingdoms.

Language: Английский

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Tomato brown rugose fruit virus: An emerging and rapidly spreading plant RNA virus that threatens tomato production worldwide

Molecular Plant Pathology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(9), P. 1262 - 1277

Published: May 22, 2022

Abstract Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) is an emerging and rapidly spreading RNA that infects tomato pepper, with as the primary host. The causes severe crop losses threatens production worldwide. ToBRFV was discovered in greenhouse plants grown Jordan spring 2015 its first outbreak traced back to 2014 Israel. To date, has been reported at least 35 countries across four continents world. transmitted mainly via contaminated seeds mechanical contact (such through standard horticultural practices). Given global nature of seed distribution chain, ToBRFV's transmissibility, extent spread probably more than disclosed. can break down genetic resistance tobamoviruses conferred by R genes Tm‐1 , Tm‐2 2 L 1 alleles pepper. Currently, no commercial ToBRFV‐resistant cultivars are available. Integrated pest management‐based measures such rotation, eradication infected plants, disinfection seeds, chemical treatment greenhouses have achieved very limited success. generation application attenuated variants may be a fast effective approach protect against ToBRFV. Long‐term sustainable control will rely on development novel resistant cultivars, which represents most environment‐friendly strategy for pathogen control. Taxonomy belongs genus Tobamovirus family Virgaviridae . also includes several economically important viruses Tobacco mosaic Genome virion genome single‐stranded, positive‐sense approximately 6.4 kb, encoding open reading frames. viral genomic encapsidated into virions rod‐shaped about 300 nm long 18 diameter. considered extremely stable survive plant debris or surfaces periods time. Disease symptoms Leaves, particularly young leaves, exhibit mild dark green bulges, narrowness, deformation. peduncles calyces often become necrotic fail produce fruit. Yellow blotches, black spots, wrinkles appear fruits. In pepper infection results puckering yellow mottling leaves stunted growth seedlings small dots blotches

Language: Английский

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Fungal Viruses Unveiled: A Comprehensive Review of Mycoviruses

Viruses, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(5), P. 1202 - 1202

Published: May 19, 2023

Mycoviruses (viruses of fungi) are ubiquitous throughout the fungal kingdom and currently classified into 23 viral families genus botybirnavirus by International Committee on Taxonomy Viruses (ICTV). The primary focus mycoviral research has been mycoviruses that infect plant pathogenic fungi, due to ability some reduce virulence their host thus act as potential biocontrol against these fungi. However, lack extracellular transmission mechanisms rely intercellular through hyphal anastomosis, which impedes successful between different strains. This review provides a comprehensive overview mycoviruses, including origins, range, taxonomic classification families, effects counterparts, techniques employed in discovery. application agents fungi is also discussed.

Language: Английский

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Soil and Phytomicrobiome for Plant Disease Suppression and Management under Climate Change: A Review

Plants, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(14), P. 2736 - 2736

Published: July 23, 2023

The phytomicrobiome plays a crucial role in soil and ecosystem health, encompassing both beneficial members providing critical goods services pathogens threatening food safety security. potential benefits of harnessing the power for plant disease suppression management are indisputable interest agriculture but also forestry landscaping. Indeed, diseases can be mitigated by situ manipulations resident microorganisms through agronomic practices (such as minimum tillage, crop rotation, cover cropping, organic mulching, etc.) well applying microbial inoculants. However, numerous challenges, such lack standardized methods microbiome analysis difficulty translating research findings into practical applications at stake. Moreover, climate change is affecting distribution, abundance, virulence many pathogens, while altering functioning, further compounding strategies. Here, we will first review literature demonstrating how agricultural have been found effective promoting health enhancing suppressiveness mitigation shift phytomicrobiome. Challenges barriers to identification use then discussed before focusing on impacts functioning outcome.

Language: Английский

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Can biocontrol be the game-changer in integrated pest management? A review of definitions, methods and strategies

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 131(2), P. 265 - 291

Published: Feb. 23, 2024

Abstract Global agriculture is heavily dependent on sustainable plant protection. Worldwide, the concept of integrated pest management (IPM) being followed. IPM utilizes a range strategies, with chemical synthetic pesticides employed only as last resort. However, in agricultural practice, farmers continue to rely primarily this option. To further reduce dependence, new strategies are sought strengthen use biological control within approach including identification novel non-synthetic natural compounds. Here, we discuss and report state art research areas such biocontrol agents application ecological principles. These practices can help establish protection systems, greatest impact achieved when they used appropriate combinations. We highlight conditions that currently prevent or hinder increased measures. On background agroecological experiences, why additional advancements imperative more effectively break life cycles pests, diseases weeds. emphasize significance judicious technologies, adapted local conditions. Additionally, key role expertise operators implementing these their knowledge thereof.

Language: Английский

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Mycoviruses as a part of the global virome: Diversity, evolutionary links and lifestyle

Advances in virus research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 86

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Language: Английский

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A Mycovirus VIGS Vector Confers Hypovirulence to a Plant Pathogenic Fungus to Control Wheat FHB

Advanced Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10(29)

Published: Aug. 16, 2023

Abstract Mycovirus‐mediated hypovirulence has the potential to control fungal diseases. However, availability of hypovirulence‐conferring mycoviruses for plant disease is limited as most viruses are asymptomatic. In this study, virus‐induced gene silencing (VIGS) vector p26‐D4 Fusarium graminearum gemytripvirus 1 (FgGMTV1), a tripartite circular single‐stranded DNA mycovirus, successfully constructed convert causal fungus cereal head blight (FHB) into hypovirulent strain. p26‐D4, with an insert 75–150 bp fragment target reporter transgene transcript in both sense and antisense orientations, efficiently triggered . Notably, two strains, p26‐D4‐Tri101, p26‐D4‐FgPP1, obtained by virulence‐related genes Tri101 FgPP1 can be used biocontrol agents protect wheat from FHB mycotoxin contamination at field level. This study not only describes first mycovirus‐derived VIGS system but also proves that establish multiple strains pathogenic fungi.

Language: Английский

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Continued mycovirus discovery expanding our understanding of virus lifestyles, symptom expression, and host defense

Current Opinion in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 75, P. 102337 - 102337

Published: June 19, 2023

Language: Английский

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Forest Tree Virome as a Source of Tree Diseases and Biological Control Agents

Current Forestry Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(3), P. 153 - 174

Published: Feb. 21, 2024

Abstract Purpose of Review The collective virome forest trees can be considered to include not only plant viruses, but also viral communities harbored by all tree-associated organisms. In this review, we will concentrate on reviewing recent developments in the two fields tree virology that have received most research input during last 5 years: (1) current knowledge virus diseases affecting and their causal agents (2) fungal viruses (mycoviruses) properties are required for utilizing them biocontrol purposes. Recent Findings discovery mycoviruses has been revolutionized few years due high-throughput sequencing (HTS). This altered our view diversity prevalence, host ranges, transmission routes, effects. Utilization HTS greatly expanded disease etiology revealed commonness cross-kingdom events between fungi, oomycetes, plants, arthropods. Research identified several new restrict growth or virulence pathogenic fungi. Summary Gaining ecosystems is essential understanding evolution improving impacts, ability biocontrol-based environmentally friendly management affect economically important plants beneficial insects, preventing possible outbreaks future. Virus infections play a central role health, symptoms remain often unrecognized may confused with other biotic abiotic damages. However, studies previously unknown as causes suggest responsible far greater economic losses than recognized earlier. many gaps still need filled, particularly infect different species trees, irregular distribution within plant, mode transmission, epidemiology choice hosts regarding crop effect metabolism tree, interaction microorganisms. Mycovirus already deciphered detailed information critical Still, more needed concerning mycoviral stability field conditions, level tolerance against infection, occurrence interspecies mycovirus nature, safety issues related these topics.

Language: Английский

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A Review on Biocontrol Agents as Sustainable Approach for Crop Disease Management: Applications, Production, and Future Perspectives

Horticulturae, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(8), P. 805 - 805

Published: July 30, 2024

Horticultural crops are vulnerable to diverse microbial infections, which have a detrimental impact on their growth, fruit quality, and productivity. Currently, chemical pesticides widely employed manage diseases in horticultural crops, but they negative effects the environment, human health, soil physiochemical properties, biodiversity. Additionally, use of has facilitated development spread resistant pathovars, emerged as serious concern contemporary agriculture. Nonetheless, adverse consequences environment public health worried scientists greatly recent years, led switch biocontrol agents such bacteria, fungi, insects control plant pathogens. Biocontrol (BCAs) form an integral part organic farming, is regarded future sustainable Hence, harnessing potential BCAs important viable strategy disease way that also ecofriendly can improve health. Here, we discuss role biological crops. We different microbial-based fungal, bacterial, viral management. Next, factors affect performance under field conditions. This review highlights genetic engineering enhance efficiency other growth traits. Finally, highlight challenges opportunities biocontrol-based management horticulture research directions boost efficacy applications.

Language: Английский

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