The influence of the environment and lifestyle on myopia

Journal of PHYSIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 43(1)

Published: Jan. 31, 2024

Abstract Background Myopia, commonly known as near-sightedness, has emerged a global epidemic, impacting almost one in three individuals across the world. The increasing prevalence of myopia during early childhood heightened risk developing high and related sight-threatening eye conditions adulthood. This surge rates, occurring within relatively stable genetic framework, underscores profound influence environmental lifestyle factors on this condition. In comprehensive narrative review, we shed light both established potential contributors that affect development progression myopia. Main body Epidemiological interventional research consistently revealed compelling connection between increased outdoor time decreased children. protective effect may primarily be attributed to exposure characteristics natural (i.e., sunlight) release retinal dopamine. Conversely, irrespective time, excessive engagement near work can further worsen onset While exact mechanisms behind exacerbation are not fully comprehended, it appears involve shifts relative peripheral refraction, overstimulation accommodation, or complex interplay these factors, leading issues like image defocus, blur, chromatic aberration. Other spatial frequency visual environment, circadian rhythm, sleep, nutrition, smoking, socio-economic status, education have debatable independent influences development. Conclusion environment exerts significant Improving modifiable key predictors spent outdoors prevent slow intricate connections often obscure findings, making challenging disentangle their individual effects. complexity necessity for prospective studies employ objective assessments, such quantifying work, among others. These crucial gaining more understanding how various modified

Language: Английский

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IMI—Onset and Progression of Myopia in Young Adults

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 64(6), P. 2 - 2

Published: May 1, 2023

Myopia typically starts and progresses during childhood, but onset progression can occur adulthood. The goals of this review are to summarize published data on myopia in young adults, aged 18 40 years, characterize age group, assess what is currently known, highlight the gaps current understanding. Specifically, peer-reviewed literature was reviewed to: timeline stabilization juvenile-onset myopia; estimate frequency adult-onset evaluate rate regardless onset, both college years later; describe axial elongation myopic adults; identify risk factors for adult progression; report adults who have undergone refractive surgery; discuss management research study design. Adult-onset common, representing a third or more all western populations, less East Asia, where childhood high. Clinically meaningful continues early adulthood may average 1.00 diopters (D) between 20 30 years. Higher levels associated with greater absolute myopia-related ocular disease visual impairment, thus group requires ongoing management. Modalities established control children would be options it difficult predict their efficacy. feasibility studies limited by long duration required.

Language: Английский

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Myopia and Near Work: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 20(1), P. 875 - 875

Published: Jan. 3, 2023

Background: Myopia is a global public health problem affecting quality of life and work productivity. Data scarce regarding the effects near on myopia. Providing larger meta-analysis with life-long perspective, including adults occupational exposure seemed needed. Methods: We searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase Science Direct for studies reporting myopia prevalence in work. was defined as mean spherical equivalent ≤ −0.50 diopter. performed using random-effects model prevalence, progression per year, odds ratio (OR) work, completed by subgroup analyses meta-regressions patients’ characteristics, type adults, geographic zones, time characteristics Results: included 78 studies, representing total 254,037 participants, aged from 6 to 39 years. The 35% (95% CI: 30 41%), 31% 26 37%) children 46% 62%) adults. −0.39 diopters year (−0.53 −0.24 D/year), ranging −0.44 (−0.57 −0.31) −0.25 D/year (−0.56 0.06) workers exposed vs. non-exposed were increased 26% (18 34%), (21 42%) 21% (6 35%) Prevalence higher compared (Coefficient 0.15, 95% 0.03 0.27). Conclusions: Near conditions, could be associated Targeted prevention should implemented workplace.

Language: Английский

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Mechanisms of emmetropization and what might go wrong in myopia

Vision Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 220, P. 108402 - 108402

Published: May 4, 2024

Studies in animal models and humans have shown that refractive state is optimized during postnatal development by a closed-loop negative feedback system uses retinal image defocus as an error signal, mechanism called emmetropization. The sensor to detect its sign resides the retina itself. and/or pigment epithelium (RPE) presumably releases biochemical messengers change choroidal thickness modulate growth rates of underlying sclera. A central question arises: if emmetropization operates system, why does it not stop myopia development? Recent experiments young human subjects (1) emmetropic can perfectly distinguish between real positive simulated defocus, trigger transient axial eye shortening or elongation, respectively. (2) Strikingly, myopic has reduced ability inhibit when imposed. (3) bi-directional response elicited with low spatial frequency information below 8 cyc/deg, which makes unlikely optical higher-order aberrations play role. (4) for detection involves comparison blur blue (S-cone) red end spectrum (L + M-cones) but, again, responsive, at least short-term experiments. This suggests cannot fully inhibitory arm loop. As result, open loop, becomes "open-loop".

Language: Английский

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China Turns to School Reform to Control the Myopia Epidemic: A Narrative Review

Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(1), P. 27 - 35

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

Myopia is now a major public health issue in parts of East and Southeast Asia, including mainland China. In this region, around 80% students completing 12 years school education are myopic, from 10% to 20% have high myopia excess −6D. Interventions prevent the onset based on increasing time outdoors been implemented at system-wide scale Chinese Taipei (Taiwan) Singapore with some success, but prevalence still remains by international standards. China, until recently, prevention was largely eye exercises, these not sufficient an epidemic. Control progression atropine drops has widely practiced Taiwan, recent practice concentrating low-dose concentrations. Orthokeratology also used across region. Recent research produced both contact spectacle lenses that slow imposing myopic defocus. The new approaches control ready for systematic use, which may be facilitated screening referral. years, renewed emphasis placed China China's President Xi Jinping. addition making use all measures outlined above, seems aiming reforms schooling, reducing educational pressures, particularly early freeing more outdoor play learning. These initiatives crucial control.

Language: Английский

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Emmetropization and nonmyopic eye growth

Survey of Ophthalmology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 68(4), P. 759 - 783

Published: Feb. 14, 2023

Language: Английский

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Clinically Significant Axial Shortening in Myopic Children After Repeated Low-Level Red Light Therapy: A Retrospective Multicenter Analysis

Ophthalmology and Therapy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(2), P. 999 - 1011

Published: Jan. 7, 2023

Myopia is recognized as a progressive eye disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency and associated factors clinically significant axial length (AL) shortening among myopic children following repeated low-level red light (RLRL) therapy.The clinical data that were collected for aged 3-17 years who received an RLRL therapy delivered by home-use desktop device emitted at 650 nm least 1 year, reviewed. included AL, spherical equivalent refraction (SER), visual acuity measured baseline follow-up. primary outcomes AL > 0.05 mm, 0.10 0.20 mm per year.A total 434 with 12 months follow-up included. mean age participants 9.7 (2.6) SER -3.74 (2.60) diopters. There 115 (26.50%), 76 (17.51%), 20 (4.61%) based on cutoffs mm/year, respectively. In multivariable model, significantly older age, female gender, longer or greater (all P < 0.05). Among shortened eyes, difference (standard deviation, SD) -0.142 (0.094) mm/year. Greater observed younger had 0.05).More than quarter therapy, overall change Further studies should explore mechanisms underlying shortening.

Language: Английский

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Myopia and sleep in children—a systematic review

SLEEP, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 46(11)

Published: June 29, 2023

Abstract Worldwide, approximately one in three people are myopic or short-sighted. Myopia children is of particular concern as younger onset age implies a higher risk progression, and consequently greater developing vision-threatening complications. The importance sleep children’s health has long been acknowledged, but evidence for its role childhood myopia fairly new mixed results were presented across studies. To facilitate better understanding this relationship, broad literature search, up to including October 31, 2022, was performed using databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus). Seventeen studies included the review, covering four main aspects sleep, namely duration, quality, timing, efficiency, their associations with children. present review discussed these studies, revealed potential limitations methodologies, identified gaps that need be addressed future. also acknowledges current insufficient, far from being fully understood. Future primarily, objectively, accurately assess myopia, taking other characteristics beyond duration into consideration, more diverse sample terms age, ethnicity, cultural/environmental background, control confounders such light exposure education load much needed. Although research required, management should holistic approach inclusion hygiene targeting parents ought encouraged.

Language: Английский

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TikTok and adolescent vision health: Content and information quality assessment of the top short videos related to myopia

Frontiers in Public Health, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: Jan. 4, 2023

Background Despite the increasing recognition of public health value social media platforms, TikTok short videos focusing on adolescent vision have not received much attention. We aimed to evaluate content, sources, and information quality myopia-related TikTok. Methods The top 200 most-liked Chinese version were queried screened March 12, 2022. descriptive characteristics, contents, sources selected 168 obtained, their overall quality, reliability, understandability, actionability assessed using validated scoring instruments DISCERN PEMAT-A/V. Results Medical professionals main source (45.8%, 77/168) videos. Misinformation (10.1%, 17/168) was mainly attributable for-profit organizations (20%, 3/15) individual non-medical users (31.3%, 10/32). However, enjoyed highest numbers “likes,” “comments,” “shares” ( P &lt; 0.05). mean reliability regarding treatment choice (2.5 ± 0.5) (3.1 0.9), respectively. Videos showed relatively high understandability (84.7%) moderate (74.9%). Video producers tended partly or fully provide management (81.5%, 137/168) outcome (82.1%, 138/168), ignore only slightly mention content related definition (86.9%, 146/169) signs 138/168). five video significant differences in prevalence misleading 0.001), publication = 0.039), score 0.019), 0.024). Conclusion Considering moderate-to-poor variable across substantial should be treated with caution. Nevertheless, may serve as a surrogate supplement for dissemination if providers can ensure more comprehensive accurate content.

Language: Английский

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Causal Relationships Between Glycemic Traits and Myopia

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 64(3), P. 7 - 7

Published: March 3, 2023

Little is known about whether sugar intake a risk factor for myopia, and the influence of glycemic control remains unclear, with inconsistent results reported. This study aimed to clarify this uncertainty by evaluating link between multiple traits myopia.We employed two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) design using summary statistics from independent genome-wide association studies. A total six traits, including adiponectin, body mass index, fasting blood glucose, insulin, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), proinsulin levels, were used as exposures, myopia was outcome. The inverse-variance-weighted (IVW) method main applied analytic tool complemented comprehensive sensitivity analyses.Out studied, we found that adiponectin significantly associated myopia. genetically predicted level consistently negatively incidence: IVW (odds ratio [OR] = 0.990; P 2.66 × 10-3), MR Egger (OR 0.983; 3.47 weighted median 0.989; 0.01), mode 0.987; 0.01). Evidence all analyses further supported these associations. In addition, higher HbA1c greater myopia: 1.022; 3.06 10-5).Genetic evidence shows low levels high are an increased Given physical activity controllable variables in glycemia treatment, findings provide new insights into potential strategies delay onset.

Language: Английский

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