bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Feb. 8, 2025
ABSTRACT
Calcific
aortic
valve
disease
currently
lacks
effective
treatments
beyond
surgical
replacement,
due
to
an
incomplete
understanding
of
its
pathogenesis.
Emerging
evidence
suggests
that
the
gut
microbiome
influences
cardiovascular
health
through
production
metabolites
derived
from
dietary
components.
Among
them,
trimethylamine-N-oxide
(TMAO)
has
been
identified
as
a
potential
causal
factor
for
several
conditions.
However,
role
in
development
remains
poorly
understood.
This
study
sought
investigate
impact
TMAO
on
valvular
interstitial
cells
(VICs),
most
abundant
cell
type
valve.
Here,
we
demonstrate
activates
VICs
towards
myofibroblastic
profibrotic
phenotype.
Using
vitro
protocol
generate
quiescent
VICs,
found
induces
upregulation
markers
sex-independent
manner.
These
were
more
sensitive
than
conventionally
cultured
VICs.
Treatment
with
also
elevated
extracellular
matrix
and
oxidative
stress,
phenotypic
hallmarks
activated
state.
Finally,
inhibition
endoplasmic
reticulum
stress
kinase
prior
treatment
blocked
all
effects
this
metabolite.
findings
suggest
contributes
early
stages
by
promoting
VIC
activation
mechanisms.
Understanding
other
gut-derived
pathogenesis
could
inform
novel
preventive
or
therapeutic
strategies
modify
delay
progression.
Furthermore,
these
insights
underscore
importance
host-microbiome
interactions
highlight
targeted
interventions
mitigate
risk.
Frontiers in Immunology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15
Published: Jan. 26, 2024
The
gut
microbiome
is
a
heterogeneous
population
of
microbes
comprising
viruses,
bacteria,
fungi,
and
protozoa.
Such
essential
for
sustaining
host
equilibrium,
its
impact
on
human
health
can
be
altered
by
variety
factors
such
as
external
variables,
social
behavior,
age,
nutrition,
genetics.
Gut
microbes’
imbalances
are
related
to
chronic
diseases
including
cancer,
obesity,
digestive
disorders.
Globally,
recent
findings
show
that
intestinal
have
significant
role
in
the
formation
cardiovascular
disease
(CVD),
which
still
primary
cause
fatalities.
Atherosclerosis,
hypertension,
diabetes,
inflammation,
some
inherited
variables
all
risk
variables.
However,
studies
found
correlations
between
metabolism,
flora,
dietary
intake.
Variations
diversity
changes
their
activity
thought
influence
CVD
etiology.
Furthermore,
microbiota
acts
an
endocrine
organ,
producing
bioactive
metabolites
TMA
(trimethylamine)/TMAO
(trimethylamine
N-oxide),
SCFA
(short-chain
fatty
acids),
bile
acids,
substantial
wellness
multiple
mechanisms.
purpose
this
overview
compile
current
evidence
highlighting
intricate
links
microbiota,
metabolites,
development
CVD.
It
focuses
how
dysbiosis
promotes
heart
failure,
atherosclerosis.
This
review
explores
normal
physiology
potential
techniques
targeting
bacteria
treatment
using
various
microbial
metabolites.
also
examines
significance
treatment,
supplements,
prebiotics,
probiotics,
antibiotic
therapies,
fecal
transplantation,
innovative
approach
management
As
result,
metabolic
pathways
become
increasingly
attractive
targets
intervention.
World Journal of Methodology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
14(1)
Published: March 7, 2024
The
Human
Microbiome
Project,
Earth
and
next-generation
sequencing
have
advanced
novel
genome
association,
host
genetic
linkages,
pathogen
identification.
microbiome
is
the
sum
of
microbes,
their
information,
ecological
niche.
This
study
will
describe
how
millions
bacteria
in
gut
affect
human
body
health
disease.
changes
relation
with
age,
an
increase
Life,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
13(10), P. 2023 - 2023
Published: Oct. 8, 2023
The
human
gut
microbiota
(GM)
is
a
complex
microbial
ecosystem
that
colonises
the
gastrointestinal
tract
(GIT)
and
comprised
of
bacteria,
viruses,
fungi,
protozoa.
GM
has
symbiotic
relationship
with
its
host
fundamental
for
body
homeostasis.
not
limited
to
scope
GIT,
but
there
are
bidirectional
interactions
between
other
organs,
highlighting
concept
"gut-organ
axis".
Any
deviation
from
normal
composition
GM,
termed
"microbial
dysbiosis",
implicated
in
pathogenesis
various
diseases.
Only
few
studies
have
demonstrated
modifications
disease
phenotypes,
it
still
unknown
whether
an
altered
contributes
or
simply
reflects
status.
Restoration
probiotics
prebiotics
been
postulated,
evidence
effects
limited.
Prebiotics
substrates
"selectively
utilized
by
microorganisms,
conferring
health
benefit".
This
study
highlights
vital
organs
demonstrates
dysbiosis
emergence
certain
representative
Finally,
this
article
focuses
on
potential
as
target
therapy
manipulate
presents
gaps
literature
research.
Human Genomics,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
17(1)
Published: Dec. 8, 2023
Abstract
The
unique
physiological
and
genetic
characteristics
of
individuals
influence
their
reactions
to
different
dietary
constituents
nutrients.
This
notion
is
the
foundation
personalized
nutrition.
field
nutrigenetics
has
witnessed
significant
progress
in
understanding
impact
variants
on
macronutrient
micronutrient
levels
individual's
responsiveness
intake.
These
hold
value
facilitating
development
nutritional
interventions,
thereby
enabling
effective
translation
from
conventional
guidelines
genome-guided
Nevertheless,
certain
obstacles
could
impede
extensive
implementation
individualized
nutrition,
which
still
its
infancy,
such
as
polygenic
nature
nutrition-related
pathologies.
Consequently,
many
disorders
are
susceptible
collective
multiple
genes
environmental
interplay,
wherein
each
gene
exerts
a
moderate
modest
effect.
Furthermore,
it
widely
accepted
that
diseases
emerge
because
intricate
interplay
between
predisposition
external
influences.
In
context
this
specific
paradigm,
utilization
advanced
"omic"
technologies,
including
epigenomics,
transcriptomics,
proteomics,
metabolomics,
microbiome
analysis,
conjunction
with
comprehensive
phenotyping,
potential
unveil
hitherto
undisclosed
hereditary
elements
interactions
environment.
review
aims
provide
up-to-date
information
regarding
fundamentals
specifically
emphasizing
complex
triangulation
among
microbiota,
metabolites,
genes.
highlights
intestinal
microbiota's
makeup,
nutrigenomics,
tailoring
suggestions.
Finally,
article
provides
an
overview
genotyping
versus
microbiomics,
focusing
investigating
applications
knowledge
tailored
plans
aim
improve
human
well-being
overall
health.
Biology of Sex Differences,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15(1)
Published: Jan. 19, 2024
Abstract
Background
Cardiovascular
diseases
(CVD),
including
coronary
heart
disease
(CHD),
display
a
higher
prevalence
in
men
than
women.
This
study
aims
to
evaluate
the
variations
intestinal
microbiota
between
and
women
afflicted
with
CHD
delineate
these
against
non-CVD
control
group
for
each
sex.
Methods
Our
research
was
conducted
framework
of
CORDIOPREV
study,
clinical
trial
which
involved
837
165
CHD.
We
contrasted
our
findings
reference
375
individuals
(270
men,
105
women)
without
CVD.
The
examined
through
16S
metagenomics
on
Illumina
MiSeq
platform
data
processed
Quiime2
software.
Results
results
showed
sex-specific
variation
(beta
diversity)
microbiota,
while
alpha-biodiversity
remained
consistent
across
both
sexes.
Linear
discriminant
analysis
effect
size
(LEfSe)
revealed
sex-centric
alterations
linked
Moreover,
using
random
forest
(RF)
methodology,
we
identified
seven
bacterial
taxa—g_UBA1819
(Ruminococcaceae),
g_Bilophila,
g_Subdoligranulum,
g_Phascolarctobacterium,
f_Barnesiellaceae,
g_Ruminococcus,
an
unknown
genus
from
Ruminococcaceae
family
(Ruminococcaceae
incertae
sedis)—as
key
discriminators
diagnosed
same
taxa
also
emerged
as
critical
CHD-afflicted
individuals,
when
analyzed
separately
by
Conclusion
suggest
dysbiosis
CHD,
potentially
contributing
sex
disparity
observed
CVD
incidence.
Trial
registration
Clinical
Trials.gov.Identifier
NCT00924937.
Graphical
Phytotherapy Research,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
38(4), P. 2007 - 2022
Published: Feb. 19, 2024
Abstract
This
review
highlights
the
increasing
interest
in
one
of
natural
compounds
called
saponins,
for
their
potential
therapeutic
applications
addressing
inflammation
which
is
a
key
factor
various
chronic
diseases.
It
delves
into
molecular
mechanisms
responsible
anti‐inflammatory
effects
these
amphiphilic
compounds,
prevalent
plant‐based
foods
and
marine
organisms.
Their
structures
vary
with
soap‐like
properties
influencing
historical
uses
traditional
medicine
sparking
renewed
scientific
interest.
Recent
research
focuses
on
inflammatory
diseases,
unveiling
actions
such
as
NF‐κB
MAPK
pathway
regulation
COX/LOX
enzyme
inhibition.
Saponin‐containing
sources
like
Panax
ginseng
soybeans
suggest
novel
therapies.
The
explores
emerging
role
shaping
gut
microbiome,
composition
activity,
contributing
to
effects.
Specific
examples,
notoginseng
Gynostemma
pentaphyllum
,
illustrate
intricate
relationship
between
collective
impact
immune
metabolic
health.
Despite
promising
findings,
emphasizes
need
further
comprehend
behind
interactions
underscoring
crucial
balanced
microbiome
optimal
health
positioning
saponins
dietary
interventions
managing
conditions.
Journal of Translational Medicine,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
22(1)
Published: May 3, 2024
Abstract
Background
The
Mediterranean
diet
(MedDiet)
is
a
widely
studied
dietary
pattern
reflecting
the
culinary
traditions
of
regions.
High
adherence
to
MedDiet
correlates
with
reduced
blood
pressure
and
lower
cardiovascular
disease
(CVD)
incidence
mortality.
Furthermore,
microbiota,
influenced
by
diet,
plays
crucial
role
in
health,
dysbiosis
CVD
patients
suggests
possible
beneficial
effects
microbiota
modulation
on
pressure.
MedDiet,
rich
fiber
polyphenols,
shapes
distinct
associated
higher
biodiversity
positive
health
effects.
review
aims
describe
how
various
components
impact
gut
influencing
dynamics.
Main
body
promotes
regulation
through
its
components.
For
instance,
whole
grains
promote
healthy
given
that
they
act
as
substrates
leading
production
short-chain
fatty
acids
(SCFAs)
can
modulate
immune
response,
preserve
barrier
integrity,
regulate
energy
metabolism.
Other
including
olive
oil,
fuits,
vegetables,
red
wine,
fish,
lean
proteins,
have
also
been
regulation.
Conclusion
approach
offers
several
benefits
terms
management
risk
factors,
hypertension.
intake
favorable
environment,
which,
turn,
has
shown
aids
other
physiological
processes
like
