Dangers of the chronic stress response in the context of the microbiota-gut-immune-brain axis and mental health: a narrative review

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: May 2, 2024

More than 20% of American adults live with a mental disorder, many whom are treatment resistant or continue to experience symptoms. Other approaches needed improve health care, including prevention. The role the microbiome has emerged as central tenet in and physical their interconnectedness (well-being). Under normal conditions, healthy promotes homeostasis within host by maintaining intestinal brain barrier integrity, thereby facilitating well-being. Owing multidirectional crosstalk between neuro-endocrine-immune systems, dysbiosis is main driver immune-mediated systemic neural inflammation that can promote disease progression detrimental well-being broadly particular. In predisposed individuals, immune dysregulation shift autoimmunity, especially presence psychological triggers. chronic stress response involves system, which intimately involved gut microbiome, particularly process education. This interconnection forms microbiota-gut-immune-brain axis disorders. this brief review, we aim highlight relationships stress, health, along ways dysregulated system an autoimmune concomitant neuropsychological consequences context axis. Finally, review evidenced-based prevention strategies potential therapeutic targets.

Language: Английский

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The microbiota-gut-brain-immune interface in the pathogenesis of neuroinflammatory diseases: a narrative review of the emerging literature

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: May 16, 2024

Importance Research is beginning to elucidate the sophisticated mechanisms underlying microbiota-gut-brain-immune interface, moving from primarily animal models human studies. Findings support dynamic relationships between gut microbiota as an ecosystem (microbiome) within (host) and its intersection with host immune nervous systems. Adding this effects on epigenetic regulation of gene expression further complicates strengthens response. At heart inflammation, which manifests in a variety pathologies including neurodegenerative diseases such Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Observations Generally, research date limited has focused bacteria, likely due simplicity cost-effectiveness 16s rRNA sequencing, despite lower resolution inability determine functional ability/alterations. However, omits all other fungi, viruses, phages, are emerging key members microbiome. Much been done pre-clinical and/or small studies more developed parts world. The observed promising but cannot be considered reliable or generalizable at time. Specifically, causal determined currently. More followed by then little MS. data for MS encouraging this. Conclusions relevance While still nascent, interface may missing link, hampered our progress understanding, let alone preventing, managing, putting into remission diseases. Relationships must first established humans, have shown poorly translate complex physiology environments, especially when investigating microbiome where often overly simplistic. Only can robust conducted humans using mechanistic model

Language: Английский

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Ferroptosis: A New Pathway in the Interaction between Gut Microbiota and Multiple Sclerosis

Frontiers in Bioscience-Landmark, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 30(1)

Published: Jan. 6, 2025

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder marked by neuroinflammation, demyelination, and neuronal damage. Recent advancements highlight novel interaction between iron-dependent cell death, known as ferroptosis, gut microbiota, which may significantly influences the pathophysiology of MS. Ferroptosis, driven lipid peroxidation tightly linked to iron metabolism, pivotal contributor oxidative stress observed in Concurrently, affect systemic immunity neurological health, emerges an important regulator homeostasis inflammatory responses, thereby influencing ferroptotic pathways. This review investigates how microbiota dysbiosis ferroptosis impact MS, emphasizing their potential therapeutic targets. Through integrated examination mechanistic pathways clinical evidence, we discuss targeting these interactions could lead interventions that not only modulate disease progression but also offer personalized treatment strategies based on profiling. synthesis aims at deepening insights into microbial contributions implications setting stage for future research exploration.

Language: Английский

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Gut microbiota in multiple sclerosis and animal models

FEBS Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 30, 2024

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic central nervous system (CNS) neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory disease marked by host immune reaction that targets destroys the neuronal myelin sheath. MS correlating animal models show comorbidities, including intestinal barrier disruption alterations of commensal microbiome. It accepted diet plays crucial role in shaping microbiota composition overall gastrointestinal (GI) tract health, suggesting an interplay between nutrition neuroinflammation via gut‐brain axis. Unfortunately, poor health lead to modifications could significant responses host, inflammation neurobehavioral changes. Beneficial microbial metabolites are essential for homeostasis control. This review will highlight importance gut context inflammatory models. Additionally, community restoration how it affects GI integrity be discussed.

Language: Английский

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The Beneficial Effects of Dietary Interventions on Gut Microbiota—An Up-to-Date Critical Review and Future Perspectives

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(23), P. 5005 - 5005

Published: Dec. 3, 2023

Different dietary interventions, especially intermittent fasting, are widely used and promoted by physicians; these regimens have been studied lately for their impact on the gut microbiota composition/function and, consequently, general physiopathological processes of host. Studies showing that components modulate microbiota, at same time, host metabolism is deeply influenced different products resulting from nutrient transformation in compartment. This reciprocal relationship can potentially influence even drug chronic regimens, significantly impacting human health/disease. Recently, various restrictions differences between effects were investigated. In this review, we explored current knowledge animal changes health.

Language: Английский

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The role of the “gut microbiota-mitochondria” crosstalk in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: April 29, 2024

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a neurologic autoimmune disease whose exact pathophysiologic mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Recent studies have shown that the onset and progression of MS are associated with dysbiosis gut microbiota. Similarly, large body evidence suggests mitochondrial dysfunction may also significant impact on development MS. Endosymbiotic theory has found human mitochondria microbial in origin share similar biological characteristics Therefore, microbiota function crosstalk relevant However, relationship between not fully understood. by synthesizing previous literature, this paper focuses changes metabolite composition possible MS, provide new therapeutic approaches for prevention or reduction based crosstalk.

Language: Английский

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The Gut Microbiome-Neuroglia Axis: Implications for Brain Health, Inflammation, and Disease

Neuroglia, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5(3), P. 254 - 273

Published: Aug. 1, 2024

The human central nervous system is convolutedly connected to the gut microbiome, a diverse community of microorganisms residing in gastrointestinal tract. Recent research has highlighted bidirectional communication between microbiome and neuroglial cells, which include astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes, ependymal cells. These cells are essential for maintaining CNS homeostasis, supporting neuronal function, responding pathological conditions. This review examines interactions neuroglia, emphasizing their critical roles brain health development neurological disorders. Dysbiosis, or imbalance been associated with various psychiatric conditions, such as autism spectrum disorder, anxiety, depression, neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s Parkinson’s. influences function through microbial metabolites, immune modulation, neuroinflammatory responses. Understanding these paves way new therapeutic targets strategies preventing treating scoping aims highlight mechanisms microbiome-neuroglia axis its potential target.

Language: Английский

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Study of gut microbiota in the context of neurological disorders

Neurologie pro praxi, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(1), P. 61 - 66

Published: March 19, 2025

Language: Английский

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Lower Multiple Sclerosis Severity Score Is Associated with Higher Adherence to Mediterranean Diet in Subjects with Multiple Sclerosis from Northwestern Italy

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(6), P. 880 - 880

Published: March 18, 2024

The Mediterranean Diet (MD) is described in the literature as a beneficial dietary pattern for neurodegenerative diseases such Multiple Sclerosis (MS). objective of this study was to evaluate habits people with MS (pwMS) and test whether adherence MD could have an impact on severity disease measured score (MSSS). Adherence assessed 31 PwMS using Screener (MEDAS), Pyramid-based Score (PyrMDS) index, Italian Index (IMI), their eating were recorded food diary one-year follow-up. When data obtained from analysis compared MSSS, results showed that pwMS lower MSSS adhere more than other groups according MEDAS index. Furthermore, high consumption fiber mild class observed. Further studies are needed clarify which nutritional components may course if sensitization can be strategy mitigating disease.

Language: Английский

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Multiple sclerosis and the intestine: Chasing the microbial offender

Immunological Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 325(1), P. 152 - 165

Published: May 29, 2024

Multiple sclerosis (MS) affects more than 2.8 million people worldwide but the distribution is not even. Although over 200 gene variants have been associated with susceptibility, studies of genetically identical monozygotic twin pairs suggest that genetic make-up responsible for only about 20%-30% risk to develop disease, while rest contributed by milieu factors. Recently, a new, unexpected player has entered ranks MS-triggering or facilitating elements: human gut microbiota. In this review, we summarize present knowledge microbial effects on formation pathogenic autoreactive immune response targeting distant central nervous system and delineate approaches, both in MS animal models, which led concept. Finally, propose tight combination investigations patients suitable models best strategy functionally characterize disease-associated microbiota thereby contribute deciphering pathogenesis complex disease.

Language: Английский

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