Adipokines and Obesity. Potential Link to Metabolic Disorders and Chronic Complications

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 21(10), P. 3570 - 3570

Published: May 18, 2020

The World Health Organization (WHO) has recognized obesity as one of the top ten threats to human health. It is estimated that number obese and overweight people worldwide exceeds those who are undernourished. Obesity not only a state abnormally increased adipose tissue in body, but also release biologically active adipokines. Adipokines released into circulating blood, due their specific receptors on surface target cells, act classic hormones affecting metabolism tissues organs. What more, adipokines cytokines may decrease insulin sensitivity induce inflammation development chronic complications. Certainly, it can be stated an era global pandemic, gain more importance regards use diagnostic evaluation treatment diseases. An extensive search for materials role white, brown perivascular fatty obesity-related metabolic complications was conducted online using PubMed, Cochrane database Embase.

Language: Английский

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The Potential Health Benefits of the Ketogenic Diet: A Narrative Review

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(5), P. 1654 - 1654

Published: May 13, 2021

Considering the lack of a comprehensive, multi-faceted overview ketogenic diet (KD) in relation to health issues, we compiled evidence related use its impact on microbiome, epigenome, diabetes, weight loss, cardiovascular health, and cancer. The KD could potentially increase genetic diversity microbiome ratio Bacteroidetes Firmicutes. epigenome might be positively affected by since it creates signaling molecule known as β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB). has helped patients with diabetes reduce their HbA1c need for insulin. There is suggest that can help visceral adiposity, appetite control. also suggests eating high-fat improves lipid profiles lowering low-density lipoprotein (LDL), increasing high-density (HDL), triglycerides (TG). Due Warburg effect, used an adjuvant treatment starve cancer cells, making them more vulnerable chemotherapy radiation. potential positive impacts each these areas warrant further analysis, improved studies, well-designed randomized controlled trials illuminate therapeutic possibilities provided this dietary intervention.

Language: Английский

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The Role of Adipose Tissue and Nutrition in the Regulation of Adiponectin

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(15), P. 2436 - 2436

Published: July 26, 2024

Adipose tissue (AT), composed mainly of adipocytes, plays a critical role in lipid control, metabolism, and energy storage. Once considered metabolically inert, AT is now recognized as dynamic endocrine organ that regulates food intake, homeostasis, insulin sensitivity, thermoregulation, immune responses. This review examines the multifaceted adiponectin, predominant adipokine released by AT, glucose fatty acid metabolism. We explore regulatory mechanisms its physiological effects potential therapeutic target for metabolic diseases such type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease liver disease. Furthermore, we analyze impact various dietary patterns, specific nutrients, physical activities on adiponectin levels, highlighting strategies to improve health. Our comprehensive provides insights into functions importance maintaining systemic homeostasis.

Language: Английский

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The effect of a ketogenic diet on inflammation-related markers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Nutrition Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 14, 2024

Abstract Context Despite the important role of inflammation-related factors on occurrence chronic diseases, there is still conflicting evidence about effects ketogenic diet (KD) these factors. Objective In order to obtain a better viewpoint, this study aimed comprehensively investigate KD markers. Data Sources To find pertinent randomized controlled trials up August 2023, databases including PubMed/Medline, Web Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Embase were searched. Extraction This included all investigating C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-10 levels. Pooled weighted mean difference (WMD) 95% confidence intervals (CIs) achieved by random-effects model analysis for best estimation outcomes. Analysis Forty-four studies in article. The pooled findings showed that has an effect lowering TNF-α (WMD: −0.32 pg/mL; CI: −0.55, −0.09; P = 0.007) IL-6 −0.27 −0.52, −0.02; 0.036) compared with control groups. However, no significant was reported others inflammation marker–related results subgroup that, following ≤8 weeks people aged ≤50 years, reduction levels significantly higher than other addition, body mass index greater 30 kg/m2 ≤30 kg/m2, decreased extent after receiving KD. Conclusions Consequently, adherence appears improve some markers associated inflammation, IL-6.

Language: Английский

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Unlocking the potential: very-low-energy ketogenic therapy in obesity-related disorders

Food and Agricultural Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 36(1)

Published: Jan. 16, 2025

The Very Low-Energy Ketogenic Therapy (VLEKT) is a structured, multi-phase dietary regimen characterized by carbohydrate intake of less than 50 g/day and daily caloric fewer 800 kcal, which induces ketosis facilitates significant weight loss. Evidence suggests that this nutritional therapy can improve glycemic control, lipid profiles, blood pressure, making it promising option for managing type 2 diabetes (T2D) reducing cardiovascular risk. These benefits are achieved through reductions in triglycerides low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), alongside increases high-density (HDL-c). However, the effects VLEKT on metabolism remain controversial. review emphasizes urgent need further research to validate long-term safety efficacy VLEKT. It also highlights critical role personalized plans, supervised healthcare professionals, optimize health outcomes address individual patient needs.

Language: Английский

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The Role of Obesity-Induced Perivascular Adipose Tissue (PVAT) Dysfunction in Vascular Homeostasis

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(11), P. 3843 - 3843

Published: Oct. 28, 2021

Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is an additional special type of surrounding blood vessels. Under physiological conditions, PVAT plays a significant role in regulation vascular tone, intravascular thermoregulation, and smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation. responsible for releasing adipocytes-derived relaxing factors (ADRF) perivascular-derived (PDRF), which have anticontractile properties. Obesity induces increased oxidative stress, inflammatory state, hypoxia, contribute to dysfunction. The exact mechanism dysfunction obesity still not well clarified; however, there are some pathways such as renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) disorders PVAT-derived factor dysregulation, involved hypertension endothelial development. Physical activity has beneficial effect on function among obese patients by reducing the stress state. Diet, second most non-invasive strategy treatment, may positive impact restore balance their concentration.

Language: Английский

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Phase II study of ketogenic diets in relapsing multiple sclerosis: safety, tolerability and potential clinical benefits

Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 93(6), P. 637 - 644

Published: April 13, 2022

Background Dietary changes impact human physiology and immune function have potential as therapeutic strategies. Objective Assess the tolerability of a ketogenic diet (KD) in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS) define on laboratory clinical outcome metrics. Methods Sixty-five subjects MS enrolled into 6-month prospective, intention-to-treat KD intervention. Adherence was monitored daily urine ketone testing. At baseline, fatigue, depression quality life (QoL) scores were obtained addition to fasting adipokines MS-related Baseline metrics repeated at 3 and/or 6 months on-diet. Results Eighty-three percent participants adhered for study duration. Subjects exhibited significant reductions fat mass showed nearly 50% decline self-reported fatigue scores. QoL physical health (67±16 vs 79±12, p<0.001) mental (71±17 82±11, composite increased Significant improvements noted Expanded Disability Status Scale (2.3±0.9 1.9±1.1, p<0.001), 6-minute walk (1631±302 1733±330 ft, Nine-Hole Peg Test (21.5±3.6 20.3±3.7 s, p<0.001). Serum leptin lower (25.5±15.7 14.0±11.7 ng/mL, adiponectin higher (11.4±7.8 13.5±8.4 µg/mL, p=0.002) KD. Conclusion KDs are safe tolerable over period yield body composition, depression, QoL, neurological disability adipose-related inflammation persons living MS. Trial registration information Registered ClinicalTrials.gov under number NCT03718247 , posted 24 October 2018. First patient enrolment date: 1 November Link: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03718247?term=NCT03718247&draw=2&rank=1 .

Language: Английский

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Ketogenic and Modified Mediterranean Diet as a Tool to Counteract Neuroinflammation in Multiple Sclerosis: Nutritional Suggestions

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(12), P. 2384 - 2384

Published: June 8, 2022

Ketogenic Diet is a nutritional pattern often used as dietotherapy in inflammatory diseases, including neurological disorders. Applied on epileptic children since 1920, recent years it has been taken into account again tool to both reduce burdens and ameliorate the status of patients affected by different pathologies. Multiple sclerosis (MS) considered an immune-mediated neuro-inflammatory disease diet possible factor its pathogenesis. The aim this work investigate main potential targets MS-related impairments, particular cognitive deficits, focusing alteration biomarkers such Brain Derived-Neurotrophic Factor Tryptophan/Kynurenine ratio that could play role neuroprotection thus MS progression. Furthermore, we here propose suggestions which are useful development ketogenic protocol takes advantage anti-inflammatory properties low-carbohydrate foods from Mediterranean be applied subjects with MS. In conclusion, approach will allow one develop combined modified improve neuroinflammation multiple sclerosis.

Language: Английский

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The Effects of Ketogenic Diet on Insulin Sensitivity and Weight Loss, Which Came First: The Chicken or the Egg?

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(14), P. 3120 - 3120

Published: July 12, 2023

The ketogenic diet (KD) is, nowadays, considered an interesting nutritional approach for weight loss and improvement in insulin resistance. Nevertheless, most of the studies available literature do not allow a clear distinction between its effects on sensitivity per se, induced by KDs sensitivity. In this review, we discuss scientific evidence direct mediated glycemic status humans, describing KD's biochemical background underlying mechanisms.

Language: Английский

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Effects of an Eight Week Very Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet (VLCKD) on White Blood Cell and Platelet Counts in Relation to Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) in Subjects with Overweight and Obesity

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(20), P. 4468 - 4468

Published: Oct. 21, 2023

Obesity and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) are frequently associated conditions characterized by low-grade inflammation. Very low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) strategies commonly used to simultaneously obtain weight loss an improvement of steatosis. We evaluated the efficacy 8 weeks' VLCKD in decreasing white blood cell (WBC) platelet (PLT) counts, as well steatosis fibrosis, diagnosed using transient elastography (FibroScan). Metabolic anthropometric parameters with MASLD were also evaluated. This study included 87 participants; 58 women 29 men aged between 18 64 years overweight (18%) or obesity (82%), but not taking any medication. Anthropometric measurements, bioimpedance analysis, biochemical assays performed before after dietary intervention. BMI (kg/m

Language: Английский

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