The Role of Oxidative Stress in Vitiligo: An Update on Its Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Implications

Cells, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(6), P. 936 - 936

Published: March 19, 2023

Vitiligo is an autoimmune skin disorder caused by dysfunctional pigment-producing melanocytes which are attacked immune cells. Oxidative stress considered to play a crucial role in activating consequent responses related vitiligo. Melanin synthesis the main intracellular stressor, producing reactive oxygen species (ROS). Under normal physiological conditions, antioxidative nuclear factor erythroid 2-related 2 (Nrf2) pathway functions as mediator for cells resist oxidative stress. In pathological situations, such with antioxidant defects or under inflammation, ROS accumulate and cause cell damage. Herein, we summarize events at cellular level excessive vitiligo highlight exposure melanocyte-specific antigens that trigger responses. Such lead functional impairment death of melanocytes, sequentially increase melanocyte cytotoxicity through both innate adaptive immunity. This report provides new perspectives advances our understanding interrelationships between autoimmunity pathogenesis We describe progress targeted therapy, aim providing potential therapeutic approaches.

Language: Английский

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Targeting tyrosinase in hyperpigmentation: Current status, limitations and future promises

Biochemical Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 212, P. 115574 - 115574

Published: April 29, 2023

Language: Английский

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Update on Melasma—Part I: Pathogenesis

Dermatology and Therapy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(9), P. 1967 - 1988

Published: July 29, 2022

Melasma is a multifactorial dyschromia that results from exposure to external factors (such as solar radiation) and hormonal sex hormones pregnancy), well skin inflammation contact dermatitis esthetic procedures), in genetically predisposed individuals. Beyond hyperfunctional melanocytes, with melasma exhibits series of structural functional alterations the epidermis, basement membrane, upper dermis interact elicit sustain focal hypermelanogenic phenotype. Evolution knowledge genetic basis cutaneous response radiation, roles endocrine factors, antioxidant system, endothelium proliferation, fibroblast senescence, mast cell degranulation, autophagy deficits melanocyte, paracrine regulation melanogenesis, will lead development new treatments preventive strategies. This review presents current on these aspects pathogenesis discusses effects specific future research issues.

Language: Английский

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Regulatory mechanisms of circular RNAs during human mesenchymal stem cell osteogenic differentiation

Theranostics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1), P. 143 - 158

Published: Nov. 15, 2023

Human osteogenic differentiation is a complex and well-orchestrated process which involves plethora of molecular players cellular processes.A growing number studies have underlined that circular RNAs (circRNAs) play an important regulatory role during human differentiation.CircRNAs are single-stranded, covalently closed non-coding RNA molecules acquiring increased attention as epigenetic regulators gene expression.Given their intrinsic high conformational stability, abundance, specificity, circRNAs can undertake various biological activities in order to regulate multiple processes, including differentiation.The most recent evidence indicates control osteogenesis by preventing the inhibitory activity miRNAs on downstream target genes, using competitive endogenous mechanism.The aim this review draw currently known mechanisms differentiation.Specifically, we provide understanding advances research conducted mesenchymal stem cell types importance regulating osteogenesis.A comprehensive underlying circRNA will improve knowledge processes bone growth, resulting potential development novel preclinical clinical discovery diagnostic therapeutic tools for disorders.

Language: Английский

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Peptide Design for Enhanced Anti-Melanogenesis: Optimizing Molecular Weight, Polarity, and Cyclization

Drug Design Development and Therapy, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: Volume 19, P. 645 - 670

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Melanogenesis is a biochemical process that regulates skin pigmentation, which crucial role in protecting against ultraviolet radiation. It also associated with hyperpigmentation conditions such as melasma and age spots, negatively impact aesthetics self-confidence. Tyrosinase (TYR), key enzyme the melanogenesis pathway, catalyzes biosynthesis of melanin skin. Inhibition tyrosinase particularly by blocking its active site preventing binding natural substrates tyrosine, can reduce production, making it promising therapeutic target for treating hyperpigmentation. Peptides have emerged therapeutics to regulate minimizing side effects conventional whitening therapeutics. This review designed offer comprehensive analysis current strategies peptide design aimed at optimizing anti-melanogenic activity, focusing on molecular weight, polarity, cyclization enhancing efficacy stability. was found optimal size within range 400-600 Da. The balance between hydrophilic hydrophobic properties peptides effective TYR inhibition, higher hydrophilicity enhances affinity stronger catalytic while hydrophobicity contribute through alternative mechanisms. Cyclization their structural stability, serum resistance, reducing toxicity. increases resistance enzymatic degradation improves specificity limiting conformational flexibility. Additionally, rigidity internal hydrogen bonding cyclic aid membrane permeability, them more use. Peptide optimizations modification, polarity change, been shown be reliable safe agents inhibition. Future studies exploring specific amino acid chains are required improve potential clinical applications these treatment.

Language: Английский

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Role of miRNA in Melanoma Development and Progression

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 24(1), P. 201 - 201

Published: Dec. 22, 2022

Melanoma is one of the most aggressive and progressive skin cancers. It develops from normal pigment-producing cells known as melanocytes, so it important to know mechanism behind such transformations. The study metastasis mechanisms crucial for a better understanding biology neoplastic cells. Metastasis melanoma, or any type cancer, multi-stage process in which leave primary tumour, travel through blood and/or lymphatic vessels, settle distant organs create secondary tumours. MicroRNA (miRNA) can participate several steps metastatic process. This review presents role miRNA molecules development progression well immune response melanoma.

Language: Английский

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Potential Cosmetic Active Ingredients Derived from Marine By-Products

Marine Drugs, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 20(12), P. 734 - 734

Published: Nov. 24, 2022

The market demand for marine-based cosmetics has shown a tremendous growth rate in the last decade. Marine resources represent promising source of novel bioactive compounds new cosmetic ingredient development. However, concern about sustainability also becomes an issue that should be considered developing ingredients. fisheries industry (e.g., fishing, farming, and processing) generates large amounts leftovers containing valuable substances, which are potent sources cosmeceutical Several substances could extracted from marine by-product can utilized as to develop products. Those collagen fish waste chitin crustacean waste) anti-photoaging, anti-wrinkle, skin barrier, hair care From this perspective, review aims approach potential active ingredients derived by-products discuss possible activity those promoting human beauty. In addition, covers prospect challenge using toward emerging concept sustainable blue cosmetics.

Language: Английский

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Extracellular vesicles and melanoma: New perspectives on tumor microenvironment and metastasis

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: Jan. 10, 2023

Secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer particles without functional nucleus naturally released from cells which constitute an intercellular communication system. There is a broad spectrum of shed by based on their physical properties such as size (small EVs and large EVs), biogenesis, cargo functions, provide increasingly heterogenous landscape. In addition, they involved in multiple physiological pathological processes. cancer, EV release opted tumor beneficial process for progression. Cutaneous melanoma cancer that originates the melanocyte lineage shows favorable prognosis at early stages. However, when acquire invasive capacity, it constitutes most aggressive deadly skin cancer. this context, have been shown relevance facilitating progression through modulation microenvironment metastatic spreading. agreement with melanosome secretory capacity melanocytes, display enhanced shedding activity has contributed to utility models unravelling functions within scenario. review, we in-depth overview characteristics melanoma-derived role highlighting key advances remaining open questions field.

Language: Английский

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Inhibition of Melanogenesis by Essential Oils from the Citrus Cultivars Peels

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(4), P. 4207 - 4207

Published: Feb. 20, 2023

Citrus is one of the most popular and widely grown fruit crops in world. However, bioactivity only certain species citrus cultivars studied. In this study, effects essential oils from 21 on melanogenesis were investigated an effort to identify active anti-melanogenesis constituents. The peels obtained by hydro-distillation analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Mouse melanoma B16BL6 cells used all assays conducted study. tyrosinase activity melanin content determined lysate α-Melanocyte-stimulated cells. addition, melanogenic gene expression was quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Overall, (Citrus unshiu X sinensis) reticulata, ((Citrus reticulata) reticulata provided best comprised five distinct constituents compared other such as limonene, farnesene, β-elemene, terpinen-4-ol, sabinene. activities individual compounds evaluated. Among oils, limonene showed dominating properties. experimental results indicated that reticulara are potential candidates with for use cosmetics pharmaceutical agents against skin hyperpigmentation.

Language: Английский

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Zebrafish in dermatology: a comprehensive review of their role in investigating abnormal skin pigmentation mechanisms

Frontiers in Physiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Nov. 23, 2023

Skin pigmentation abnormalities, ranging from aesthetic concerns to severe hyperpigmentation disease, have profound implications for individuals’ psychological and economic wellbeing. The intricate etiology of our evolving comprehension its underlying mechanisms underscore the need robust animal models. Zebrafish, renowned their transparent embryos genetic parallels humans, been spotlighted as a pivotal model skin studies. This review offers concise overview zebrafish attributes, highlighting shared melanin production pathways with humans. We systematically dissect diverse strategies craft models abnormal pigmentation, spanning physical, chemical, interventions, while critically appraising merits constraints each approach. Additionally, we elucidate metrics employed gauge efficacy these Concluding, cast visionary gaze on prospective breakthroughs in domain, aiming steer forthcoming efforts refined research.

Language: Английский

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