Ultra-processed foods and human health: from epidemiological evidence to mechanistic insights

˜The œLancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 7(12), P. 1128 - 1140

Published: Aug. 9, 2022

Language: Английский

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Understanding Chronic Venous Disease: A Critical Overview of Its Pathophysiology and Medical Management

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(15), P. 3239 - 3239

Published: July 22, 2021

Chronic venous disease (CVD) is a multifactorial condition affecting an important percentage of the global population. It ranges from mild clinical signs, such as telangiectasias or reticular veins, to severe manifestations, ulcerations. However, varicose veins (VVs) are most common manifestation CVD. The explicit mechanisms not well-understood. seems that genetics and plethora environmental agents play role in development progression exposure these factors leads altered hemodynamics system, described ambulatory hypertension, therefore promoting microcirculatory changes, inflammatory responses, hypoxia, wall remodeling, epigenetic variations, even with systemic implications. Thus, proper management patients CVD essential prevent potential harms disease, which also entails significant loss quality life individuals. Hence, aim present review collect current knowledge CVD, including its epidemiology, etiology, risk factors, but emphasizing pathophysiology medical care patients, diagnosis, treatments. Furthermore, future directions will be covered this work order provide fields explore context

Language: Английский

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The Mediterranean Diet: An Update of the Clinical Trials

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(14), P. 2956 - 2956

Published: July 19, 2022

The Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) is a term used to identify dietary pattern originating from the unique multi-millennial interplay between natural food resources and eating practices of people living in basin. Scientific evidence has described healthy properties MedDiet its beneficial role several pathological conditions. Nevertheless, current socio-economic trends have moved away this lifestyle. Thus, clinical biological supporting benefits needed overcome these limitations. Clinical nutrition research examines effects interventions on or health-related outcomes determined study population. produced by studies useful for guidance public health messaging. We provided an update trials registered database clinicaltrials.gov evaluating specific diseases. Our findings revealed increased number last decade found that most disease-related focused cardiovascular diseases, metabolic cancer. majority MedDiet’s could be primarily related anti-inflammatory anti-oxidant as well effectiveness controlling waist circumference obesity. Moreover, strict long-lasting adherence components (e.g., olive oil polyphenols) seem emerge insights interventional improvements. These present further into how it strengthen overall health.

Language: Английский

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Gut Microbiota Metabolites in Major Depressive Disorder—Deep Insights into Their Pathophysiological Role and Potential Translational Applications

Metabolites, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(1), P. 50 - 50

Published: Jan. 8, 2022

The gut microbiota is a complex and dynamic ecosystem essential for the proper functioning of organism, affecting health disease status individuals. There continuous bidirectional communication between host, conforming to unique entity known as “holobiont”. Among these crosstalk mechanisms, synthesizes broad spectrum bioactive compounds or metabolites which exert pleiotropic effects on human organism. Many microbial can cross blood–brain barrier (BBB) have significant brain, playing key role in so-called microbiota-gut-brain axis. An altered (MGB) axis major characteristic many neuropsychiatric disorders, including depressive disorder (MDD). Significative differences eubiosis dysbiosis mental disorders like MDD with their different metabolite composition concentrations are being discussed. In present review, main (short-chain fatty acids -SCFAs-, bile acids, amino tryptophan -trp- derivatives, more), signaling pathways functions will be summarized explain part pathophysiology. Conclusions from promising translational approaches related metabolome addressed more depth discuss possible clinical value management patients.

Language: Английский

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The role of Th17 cells in inflammatory bowel disease and the research progress

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Jan. 9, 2023

Th17 cells play an important role in the abnormal immune response inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and are involved development progression of inflammation fibrosis. An increasing amount data has shown that gut microbes parts intestinal immunity regulators cellular immunity. cell differentiation is regulated by bacteria cytokines, regulate mucosal microenvironment secreting such as IL-17, IL-21, IL-26. Solid evidence showed that, regarding treatment IBD targeting cells, therapeutic effect different biological agents varies greatly. Fecal transplantation (FMT) been a popular research topic recent years safe effective with few side effects. To further understand associated prospects, this review will discuss progress related on focusing interaction regulation between microbiota.

Language: Английский

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Microbiota–gut–brain axis mechanisms in the complex network of bipolar disorders: potential clinical implications and translational opportunities

Molecular Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 28(7), P. 2645 - 2673

Published: Jan. 27, 2023

Abstract Bipolar disorders (BD) represent a severe leading disabling mental condition worldwide characterized by episodic and often progressive mood fluctuations with manic depressive stages. The biological mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of BD remain incompletely understood, but it seems that there is complex picture genetic environmental factors implicated. Nowadays, gut microbiota in spotlight new research related to this kind psychiatric disorder, as can be consistently several pathophysiological events observed BD. In context so-called microbiota–gut–brain (MGB) axis, shown have strong influence on host neuromodulation endocrine functions (i.e., controlling synthesis neurotransmitters like serotonin or mediating activation hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis), well modulation immune responses, critically regulating intestinal, systemic brain inflammation (neuroinflammation). present review aims elucidate derived from MGB axis disruption possible therapeutic approaches mainly focusing network Understanding its bidirectional communication other systems shed light discovery therapies for improving clinical management these patients. Besides, effect drugs currently used patients, together therapeutical targeting ecosystem (dietary patterns, probiotics, prebiotics, novelties) will also contemplated.

Language: Английский

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Mediterranean Diet-Based Interventions to Improve Anthropometric and Obesity Indicators in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Advances in Nutrition, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(4), P. 858 - 869

Published: April 29, 2023

To our knowledge, no systematic review with meta-analysis has separately synthesized the effects of Mediterranean diet-based interventions in children and adolescents relation to on anthropometric measures. A better understanding variables could facilitate their implementation efforts prevent obesity young population. The aim present was evaluate indicators among adolescents. Four databases were systematically searched (PubMed, Scopus, Web Science, Cochrane Database Systematic Reviews), including all studies up until 15 March, 2023. Eligible articles randomized controlled trials measuring effect an intervention based promotion diet obesity-associated parameters. size each study estimated by Cohen's d for continuous or risk difference categorical variables. Compared control group, showed small significant reductions body mass index (d = -0.14; 95% CI: -0.26, -0.01; I2 77.52%). Participants had a reduction percentage (risk 0.12; 0.01, 0.23; 84.56%) comparison group. Interventions greater when aiming at participants excess weight (that is, overweight obesity), both index, waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio, obesity, abdominal obesity. have reducing as well (aged 3-18 y). This trial registered PROSPERO CRD42023386789.

Language: Английский

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Mediterranean Diet and Sarcopenia Features in Apparently Healthy Adults over 65 Years: A Systematic Review

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(5), P. 1104 - 1104

Published: Feb. 22, 2023

Low muscle mass combined with changes in physical function and quality is defined as sarcopenia. In people > 60 years, sarcopenia reaches 10% tends to increase age. Individual nutrients, such protein, may have a protective role against sarcopenia, but recent evidence suggests that protein alone has been ineffective increasing strength. Dietary patterns, instead, high "anti-inflammatory" potential, the Mediterranean dietary pattern, considered an emerging remedy The aim of this systematic review was summarize diet prevention and/or improvement, including data, healthy elders. We searched published studies about until December 2022 Pubmed, Cochrane, Scopus search engine grey literature. total, ten articles were identified relevant: four cross-sectional six prospective. No clinical trial identified. Only three assessed presence measured mass, which essential criterion diagnosis. adherence had, general, positive function, while results less clear regard Additionally, there no effect on There need for conduction trials order reach cause-effects conclusions regarding importance management non-Mediterranean populations.

Language: Английский

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The Role of Diet and Gut Microbiota in Alzheimer’s Disease

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(3), P. 412 - 412

Published: Jan. 31, 2024

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most prevalent form of dementia, is characterized by accumulation amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau tangles. Currently, (AD) impacts 50 million individuals, with projections anticipating an increase to 152 year 2050. Despite increasing global prevalence AD, its underlying pathology remains poorly understood, posing challenges for early diagnosis treatment. Recent research suggests a link between gut dysbiosis aggregation Aβ, development proteins, occurrence neuroinflammation oxidative stress are associated AD. However, investigations into gut–brain axis (GBA) in context AD progression have yielded inconsistent findings. This review aims enhance our understanding microbial diversity at species level role these pathology. Additionally, this addresses influence confounding elements, including diet, probiotics, prebiotics, on throughout different stages (preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), AD) progression.

Language: Английский

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Polyphenols: immunonutrients tipping the balance of immunometabolism in chronic diseases

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: March 15, 2024

Mounting evidence progressively appreciates the vital interplay between immunity and metabolism in a wide array of immunometabolic chronic disorders, both autoimmune non-autoimmune mediated. The immune system regulates functioning cellular within organs like brain, pancreas and/or adipose tissue by sensing adapting to fluctuations microenvironment’s nutrients, thereby reshaping metabolic pathways that greatly impact pro- or anti-inflammatory immunophenotype. While it is agreed relies on an adequate nutritional status function properly, we are only just starting understand how supply single combined all them termed immunonutrients, can steer cells towards less inflamed, tolerogenic Polyphenols, class secondary metabolites abundant Mediterranean foods, pharmacologically active natural products with outstanding immunomodulatory actions. Upon binding range receptors highly expressed (e.g. AhR, RAR, RLR), they act through mitochondria-centered multi-modal approach. First , polyphenols activate nutrient via stress-response pathways, essential for responses. Second regulate mammalian target rapamycin (mTOR)/AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) balance well-tolerated caloric restriction mimetics. Third interfere assembly NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria contact sites, inhibiting its activation while improving mitochondrial biogenesis autophagosome-lysosome fusion. Finally chromatin remodeling coordinates epigenetic reprogramming. This work moves beyond well-documented antioxidant properties polyphenols, offering new insights into multifaceted nature these compounds. It proposes mechanistical appraisal regulatory which modulate response, alleviating low-grade inflammation. Furthermore, draws parallels pharmacological interventions polyphenol-based immunonutrition their modes immunomodulation across spectrum socioeconomically impactful diseases such as Multiple Sclerosis, Diabetes (type 1 2) even Alzheimer’s disease. Lastly, discusses existing challenges thwart translation polyphenols-based immunonutritional long-term clinical studies. Overcoming limitations will undoubtedly pave way precision nutrition protocols provide personalized guidance tailored plans.

Language: Английский

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