Carbon Dots in Bioimaging, Biosensing and Therapeutics: A Comprehensive Review

Small Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 2(6)

Published: May 8, 2022

Carbon dots (CDs), comprising crystalline graphitized carbon cores and polymer surface groups, are currently attracting a lot of interest in biological fields owing to their fluorescent properties, high photostability, biocompatibility low toxicity. In addition, the easy preparation functionalization CDs stimulate development CDs‐based composite materials with specific functions. Presently, applications growing at remarkable speed, justifying need for up‐to‐date review articles that capture recent progress this blossoming field. review, breakthroughs synthesis, modification, optical toxicology biocatalytic platforms described. Further, research related bioimaging, biosensing, drug delivery, antibacterial, anticancer (photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy synergistic therapy) antiviral therapies involving discussed detail. Finally, perspective on prospects challenges biomedicine biotechnology is provided.

Language: Английский

---

Supramolecular Photosensitizer Enables Oxygen-Independent Generation of Hydroxyl Radicals for Photodynamic Therapy

Journal of the American Chemical Society, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 145(7), P. 4081 - 4087

Published: Feb. 13, 2023

The highly oxygen-dependent nature of photodynamic therapy (PDT) limits its therapeutic efficacy against hypoxic solid tumors in clinics, which is an urgent problem to be solved. Herein, we develop oxygen-independent supramolecular agent that produces hydroxyl radical (•OH) by oxidizing water the presence intracellularly abundant pyruvic acid under oxygen-free conditions. A fluorene-substituted BODIPY was designed as electron donor and coassembled with perylene diimide acceptor form quadruple hydrogen-bonded agent. Detailed mechanism studies reveal intermolecular transfer charge separation upon light irradiation result efficient generation ion pairs. Under conditions, cationic radicals directly oxidize generate cytotoxic •OH, anionic electrons acid, realizing catalytic cycle. Thus, this exhibited superb photocytotoxicity even severe environments excellent vivo antitumor on HeLa-bearing mouse models. This work provides a strategy for constructing agents, opens up avenue effective PDT tumors.

Language: Английский

---

Manganese‐Based Tumor Immunotherapy

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 35(19)

Published: Sept. 19, 2022

Abstract As an essential micronutrient, manganese (Mn) participates in various physiological processes and plays important roles host immune system, hematopoiesis, endocrine function, oxidative stress regulation. Mn‐based nanoparticles are considered to be biocompatible show versatile applications nanomedicine, particular utilized tumor immunotherapy the following ways: 1) acting as a nanocarrier deliver immunotherapeutic agents for immunotherapy; 2) serving adjuvant regulate microenvironment enhance 3) activating host's system through cGAS‐STING pathway trigger 4) real‐time monitoring effect by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) since Mn 2+ ions ideal MRI contrast agent which can significantly T 1 ‐weighted signal after binding proteins. This comprehensive review focuses on most recent progress of nanoplatforms immunotherapy. The characteristics first discussed guide design multifunctional nanoplatforms. Then biomedical nanoplatforms, including alone, immunotherapy‐involved multimodal synergistic therapy, imaging‐guided detail. Finally, challenges future developments highlighted.

Language: Английский

---

Piezotronic Effect-Augmented Cu_2–xO–BaTiO₃ Sonosensitizers for Multifunctional Cancer Dynamic Therapy

ACS Nano, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 16(6), P. 9304 - 9316

Published: June 14, 2022

Ultrasound (US)-triggered sonodynamic therapy (SDT) based on semiconductor nanomaterials has attracted considerable attention for cancer therapy. However, most inorganic sonosensitizers suffer from low efficiency due to the rapid recombination of electron-hole pairs. Herein, Cu2-xO-BaTiO3 piezoelectric heterostructure was fabricated as a sonosensitizer and chemodynamic agent, simultaneously, improving reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation therapeutic outcome. Under US irradiation, heterojunction with piezotronic effect exhibits high-performance singlet (1O2) hydroxyl radical (•OH) enhance SDT. Moreover, it possesses Fenton-like reaction activity convert endogenous H2O2 into •OH (CDT). The integration SDT CDT substantially boosts ROS cellular mitochondria damage, in vitro vivo results demonstrate high cytotoxicity tumor inhibition murine refractory breast cancer. This work realizes improvement using heterostructures effects.

Language: Английский

---

BODIPY as a Multifunctional Theranostic Reagent in Biomedicine: Self‐Assembly, Properties, and Applications

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 35(18)

Published: Nov. 18, 2022

Abstract The use of boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) in biomedicine is reviewed. To open, its synthesis and regulatory strategies are summarized, inspiring cutting‐edge work post‐functionalization highlighted. A brief overview assembly model BODIPY then provided: introduced as a promising building block for the formation single‐ multicomponent self‐assembled systems, including nanostructures suitable aqueous environments, thereby showing great development potential supramolecular applications. frontier progress biomedical application thereafter described, supported by examples frontiers applications BODIPY‐containing smart materials: it mainly involves materials based on blocks their assemblies fluorescence bioimaging, photoacoustic imaging, disease treatment photodynamic therapy, photothermal immunotherapy. Lastly, not only current status family field but also challenges worth considering summarized. At same time, insights into future prospects biomedically applicable provided.

Language: Английский

---

Supramolecular photodynamic agents for simultaneous oxidation of NADH and generation of superoxide radical

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Oct. 19, 2022

Abstract Given that Type-I photosensitizers (PSs) have hypoxia tolerance, developing general approaches to prepare PSs is of great importance, but remains a challenge. Here, we report supramolecular strategy for the preparation photodynamic agents, which simultaneously generate strong oxidizing cationic radicals and superoxide radicals, by introducing electron acceptors existing Type-II PSs. As proof-of-concept, three were designed co-assembled with classical PS produce quadruple hydrogen-bonded agents. The photo-induced transfer from adjacent acceptor occurs efficiently, leading generation +• an anionic radical acceptor, further transfers oxygen form O 2 −• . In addition, these agents induce direct photocatalytic oxidation NADH turnover frequency as high 53.7 min −1 , offers oxygen-independent mechanism damage tumors.

Language: Английский

---

From Low to No O₂-Dependent Hypoxia Photodynamic Therapy (hPDT): A New Perspective

Accounts of Chemical Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 55(22), P. 3253 - 3264

Published: Nov. 2, 2022

ConspectusThe advent of photochemical techniques has revolutionized the landscape biology and medical sciences. Especially appealing in this context is photodynamic therapy (PDT), which a photon-initiated treatment modality that uses cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) to kill malignant cells. In past decade, PDT risen forefront cancer therapy. Its optical control enables noninvasive spatiotemporal manipulation process, its photoactive nature allows unique patterns avoid drug resistance conventional chemotherapeutics. However, despite impressive advances field, achieving widespread clinical adoption remains difficult. A major concern hostile tumor microenvironment, cells are hypoxic, hinders ROS generation during action. To overcome "Achilles' heel", current strategies focus primarily on improvement intratumoral O2 perfusion, while trials suggest enrichment may promote cell proliferation metastasis, thereby making FDA approval transformation these paradigms challenging.In an effort improve hypoxia (hPDT) clinic, we have explored "low no O2-dependent" approaches over years combat hypoxia-induced resistance. Account, present our contributions theme 5 years, beginning with low O2-dependent (e.g., type I superoxide radical (O2•–) generator, O2-economizer, mitochondrial respiration inhibition, cellular self-protective pathway modulation, etc.) progressing O2-independent autoadaptive PDT/PTT complementary therapy, artificial photoredox catalysis cells). These studies attracted tremendous attention. Particularly pioneering work 2018, presented first demonstration O2•–-mediated partial O2-recyclability mechanism can ( J. Am. Chem. Soc. 140, 14851−14859). This launched era renewed interest PDT, resulting plethora new O2•– photogenerators developed by many groups around world. Moreover, discovery reactions living cells, emerged as field connecting photochemistry biomedicine, stimulating development next-generation phototherapeutic tools 2022, 144, 163−173). Our recent also disclosed "photoredox cells" might be general action Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 119, e2210504119). emergent concepts, molecular designs, mechanisms, applications diagnosis therapeutics, well pros cons, discussed depth Account. It expected date will use researchers inspire future efforts identify more promising hPDT better meet needs

Language: Английский

---

Conferring BiVO₄ Nanorods with Oxygen Vacancies to Realize Enhanced Sonodynamic Cancer Therapy

Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 61(44)

Published: Sept. 9, 2022

Abstract Owing to the high depth of tissue penetration, non‐invasiveness, and controllability, ultrasound (US)‐mediated sonodynamic therapy (SDT) has shown broad application prospects for tumor treatment. However, electron‐hole separation inefficiency sonosensitizers hypoxia remain two major challenges limiting effect SDT. Here, ultrafine photoetched bismuth vanadate (BiVO 4 ) nanorods modified with DSPE‐PEG 2000 (PEBVO@PEG NRs) were fabricated achieve in situ self‐supply oxygen (O 2 reactive species (ROS) hypoxic therapy. The photoetching approach could enhance charge by inducing enriched vacancies on surface BiVO , thereby improving generation efficiency ROS O . PEBVO@PEG overcome main obstacles traditional SDT process show promising therapeutic effects, thus providing new strategies performance sonosensitizer elimination.

Language: Английский

---

Emerging Strategies in Stimuli-Responsive Prodrug Nanosystems for Cancer Therapy

ACS Nano, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 16(9), P. 13513 - 13553

Published: Sept. 1, 2022

Prodrugs are chemically modified drug molecules that inactive before administration. After administration, they converted in situ to parent drugs and induce the mechanism of action. The development prodrugs has upgraded conventional treatments terms bioavailability, targeting, reduced side effects. Especially cancer therapy, application achieved substantial therapeutic From serendipitous discovery early stage functional design with pertinence nowadays, importance is self-evident. At present, studying stimuli-responsive activation mechanisms, regulating stimuli intensity vivo, designing nanoscale prodrug formulations major strategies promote prodrugs. In this review, we provide an outlook recent cutting-edge studies on nanosystems from these three aspects. We also discuss prospects challenges future such

Language: Английский

---

Strategic Design of Conquering Hypoxia in Tumor for Advanced Photodynamic Therapy

Advanced Healthcare Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(24)

Published: April 26, 2023

Photodynamic therapy (PDT), with its advantages of high targeting, minimally invasive, and low toxicity side effects, has been widely used in the clinical various tumors, especially superficial tumors. However, tumor microenvironment (TME) presents hypoxia due to oxygen (O2 ) supply caused by abnormal vascularization neoplastic tissues O2 consumption induced rapid proliferation cells. The efficacy oxygen-consumping PDT can be hampered a hypoxic TME. To address this problem, researchers have developing advanced nanoplatforms strategies enhance therapeutic effect treatment. This review summarizes recent against TME, thus enhancing efficacy, including increasing content TME through delivering tumors situ generations ; decreasing during design type I photosensitizers. Moreover, synergistically combined other methods such as chemotherapy, photothermal therapy, immunotherapy, gas is accounted for addressing challenging problems mono environments, resistance, proliferation, metastasis. Finally, perspectives opportunities challenges future research translations are provided.

Language: Английский

---