Metabolic Syndrome: Updates on Pathophysiology and Management in 2021

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(2), P. 786 - 786

Published: Jan. 12, 2022

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) forms a cluster of metabolic dysregulations including insulin resistance, atherogenic dyslipidemia, central obesity, and hypertension. The pathogenesis MetS encompasses multiple genetic acquired entities that fall under the umbrella resistance chronic low-grade inflammation. If left untreated, is significantly associated with an increased risk developing diabetes cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Given CVDs constitute by far leading cause morbidity mortality worldwide, it has become essential to investigate role played in this context reduce heavy burden disease. As such, while relatively constitutes novel clinical entity, extent research about disease been exponentially growing past few decades. However, many aspects entity are still not completely understood, questions remain unanswered date. In review, we provide historical background highlight epidemiology MetS. We also discuss current latest knowledge histopathology pathophysiology Finally, summarize most recent updates management prevention syndrome.

Language: Английский

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The gut microbiome and metabolic syndrome

Journal of Clinical Investigation, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 129(10), P. 4050 - 4057

Published: Sept. 30, 2019

The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a constellation of risk factors that, if left untreated, will often progress to greater defects such as type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. While these have been established for over 40 years, the definition MetS warrants reconsideration in light substantial data that emerged from studies gut microbiome. In this Review we present existing recent literature supports microbiome's potential influence on various MetS. interplay intestinal microbiota with host metabolism has shown be mediated by myriad factors, including defective barrier, bile acid metabolism, antibiotic use, pleiotropic effects microbially produced metabolites. These show events start gut, response external cues diet circadian disruption, far-reaching beyond gut.

Language: Английский

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NAFLD as a continuum: from obesity to metabolic syndrome and diabetes

Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: July 14, 2020

Abstract Background The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been increasing rapidly. It is nowadays recognized as the most frequent disease, affecting a quarter global population and regularly coexisting with metabolic disorders such type 2 diabetes, hypertension, obesity, cardiovascular disease. In more simplistic view, NAFLD could be defined an increase in fat content, absence secondary cause steatosis. fact, clinical onset much complex process, closely related to insulin resistance, limited expandability dysfunctionality adipose tissue. A main driver for new liver-pancreatic α-cell axis increased glucagon, contributing diabetes pathophysiology. Main text This review will focus on pathophysiological connections between NAFLD, resistance diabetes. We reviewed non-invasive methods several scoring systems estimative steatosis fibrosis, proposing multistep process evaluation. also discuss treatment options comprehensive focusing current available therapies obesity and/or that impact each stage NAFLD. Conclusion proper understanding spectrum—as continuum from syndrome diabetes—may contribute early identification establishment targeted treatment.

Language: Английский

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Trends in insulin resistance: insights into mechanisms and therapeutic strategy

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: July 6, 2022

The centenary of insulin discovery represents an important opportunity to transform diabetes from a fatal diagnosis into medically manageable chronic condition. Insulin is key peptide hormone and mediates the systemic glucose metabolism in different tissues. resistance (IR) disordered biological response for stimulation through disruption molecular pathways target Acquired conditions genetic factors have been implicated IR. Recent biochemical studies suggest that dysregulated metabolic mediators released by adipose tissue including adipokines, cytokines, chemokines, excess lipids toxic lipid metabolites promote IR other associated with several groups abnormal syndromes include obesity, diabetes, dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), cardiovascular disease, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), abnormalities. Although no medication specifically approved treat IR, we summarized lifestyle changes pharmacological medications used as efficient intervention improve sensitivity. Ultimately, systematic discussion complex mechanism will help identify potential new targets closely

Language: Английский

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Dietary Strategies for Metabolic Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 12(10), P. 2983 - 2983

Published: Sept. 29, 2020

Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of metabolic risk factors, characterized by abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, low levels high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), hypertension, and insulin resistance. Lifestyle modifications, especially dietary habits, are the main therapeutic strategy for treatment management syndrome, but most effective pattern its has not been established. Specific such as improving quality foods or changing macronutrient distribution, showed beneficial effects on conditions individual parameters. On comparing low-fat restricted diets, scientific evidence supports use Mediterranean Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet intervention new paradigm prevention treatment. The nutritional distribution these healthy diets allows health professionals provide easy-to-follow advice without need diets. Nonetheless, energy-restricted patterns improvements in physical activity crucial improve disturbances observed patients.

Language: Английский

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Berberine in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases: From Mechanisms to Therapeutics

Theranostics, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 9(7), P. 1923 - 1951

Published: Jan. 1, 2019

Cardiovascular and metabolic diseases (CVMD) are the leading causes of death worldwide, underscoring urgent necessity to develop new pharmacotherapies. Berberine (BBR) is an eminent component traditional Chinese Ayurvedic medicine for more than 2000 years. Recently, BBR has attracted much interest its pharmacological actions in treating and/or managing CVMD. Recent discoveries basic, translational clinical studies have identified many novel molecular targets (such as AMPK, SIRT1, LDLR, PCSK9, PTP1B) provided evidences supporting promising therapeutic potential combat Thus, this review provides a timely overview properties application CVMD, underlines recent advances which validate lead drug against

Language: Английский

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Whole Fruits and Fruit Fiber Emerging Health Effects

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 10(12), P. 1833 - 1833

Published: Nov. 28, 2018

Less than 10% of most Western populations consume adequate levels whole fruits and dietary fiber with typical intake being about half the recommended levels. Evidence beneficial health effects consuming has been steadily growing, especially regarding their bioactive prebiotic role in improved weight control, wellness healthy aging. The primary aim this narrative review article is to examine increasing number benefits which are associated fruits, fruit fiber, throughout human lifecycle. These potential include: protecting colonic gastrointestinal (e.g., constipation, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory diseases, diverticular disease); promoting long-term management; reducing risk cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes metabolic syndrome; defending against colorectal lung cancers; improving odds successful aging; severity asthma chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; enhancing psychological well-being lowering depression; contributing higher bone mineral density children adults; seborrheic dermatitis; helping attenuate autism spectrum disorder severity. Low represents a potentially more serious global population threat previously recognized, light emerging research on benefits.

Language: Английский

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Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Cardiometabolic Health: An Update of the Evidence

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 11(8), P. 1840 - 1840

Published: Aug. 8, 2019

Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) have little nutritional value and a robust body of evidence has linked the intake SSBs to weight gain risk type 2 diabetes (T2D), cardiovascular disease (CVD), some cancers. Metabolic Syndrome (MetSyn) is clustering factors that precedes development T2D CVD; however, linking MetSyn not clear. To make informed recommendations about SSBs, new needs be considered against existing literature. This review provides an update on cardiometabolic outcomes including MetSyn. Findings from prospective cohort studies support strong positive association between coronary heart (CHD), independent adiposity. Associations with are less consistent, there appears sex difference stroke greater in women. short-term trials metabolic provide mechanistic for associations CHD. Conclusive etiologic role SSB relation Continued efforts reduce should encouraged improve health individuals populations.

Language: Английский

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Challenges in the diagnosis of insulin resistance: Focusing on the role of HOMA-IR and Tryglyceride/glucose index

Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome Clinical Research & Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 16(8), P. 102581 - 102581

Published: July 31, 2022

Language: Английский

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Very-low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) in the management of metabolic diseases: systematic review and consensus statement from the Italian Society of Endocrinology (SIE)

Journal of Endocrinological Investigation, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 42(11), P. 1365 - 1386

Published: May 20, 2019

Language: Английский

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